Abstract:
:Rationale: Chronic cough is characterized by frequent urges to cough and a heightened sensitivity to inhaled irritants. Airway sensory nerves trigger cough. We hypothesized that sensory nerve density is increased in chronic cough, which may contribute to excessive and persistent coughing.Objectives: To measure airway nerve density (axonal length) and complexity (nerve branching, neuropeptide expression) in humans with and without chronic cough.Methods: Bronchoscopic human airway biopsies were immunolabeled for nerves and the sensory neuropeptide substance P. Eosinophil peroxidase was also quantified given previous reports showing associations between eosinophils and nerve density. Three-dimensional image z-stacks of epithelium and subepithelium were generated using confocal microscopy, and from these z-stacks, total nerve length, the number of nerve branch points, substance P expression, and eosinophil peroxidase were quantified within each airway compartment.Measurements and Main Results: Nerve length and the number of branch points were significantly increased in epithelium, but not subepithelium, in chronic cough compared with healthy airways. Substance P expression was scarce and was similar in chronic cough and healthy airways. Nerve length and branching were not associated with eosinophil peroxidase nor with demographics such as age and sex in either group.Conclusions: Airway epithelial sensory nerve density is increased in chronic cough, suggesting sensory neuroplasticity contributes to cough hypersensitivity.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Shapiro CO,Proskocil BJ,Oppegard LJ,Blum ED,Kappel NL,Chang CH,Fryer AD,Jacoby DB,Costello RW,Drake MGdoi
10.1164/rccm.201912-2347OCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-02-01 00:00:00pages
348-355issue
3eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
203pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The plasma level of fibrinogen is felt to be an independent risk factor for vascular events. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a high prevalence in patients with stroke and may also be an independent risk factor. The aim of our study was to determine the association between OSA and plasma levels of fibrinogen in patie...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.2001048
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Products of the prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) metabolic pathway are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We determined the level of expression of the constitutive (PGHS-1) and inducible (PGHS-2) isoforms of the enzyme in induced sputum and bronchial biopsies of patients with asthma, patients with ch...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9811063
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The severity of breathlessness at given degrees of airway obstruction varies between patients with asthma. It has been postulated that the symptoms during bronchoconstriction are determined in part by involvement of airway inflammation. We compared the severity of breathlessness at various degrees of acute airway obst...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599850
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:An increasing number of persons, exposed to high altitude for leisure, sport, or work, may suffer from severe high-altitude illness. OBJECTIVES:To assess, in a large cohort of subjects, the association between physiological parameters and the risk of altitude illness and their discrimination ability in a ris...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201108-1396OC
更新日期:2012-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that a nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and elevated arginase activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although much attention has been directed toward measurements of exhaled NO in asthma, no studies to date have evaluated levels of plasma arginase or arginine, the substrate for NO p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200309-1304OC
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of studies with animal models, the gene for the low-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE) (FCER2, CD23) has been implicated as a candidate for IgE-mediated allergic diseases and bronchial hyperreactivity, or related traits. Given evidence for genetic complexity in atopic disorders, we sought to stu...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.3.9810056
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) has been recommended as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation in the presence of elevated Pa CO2. Based on our initial clinical experience with continuous flow TGI and pressure control ventilation (PCV), we were concerned about elevation in peak airway pressure as TGI was applied. In a l...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.3.8630540
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Fluid accumulation in the legs and its overnight redistribution into the neck appears to play a causative role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in sedentary men. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) promotes fluid accumulation in the legs that can be counteracted by compression stockings. OBJECTIVES:To test th...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201102-0350OC
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:FVC has emerged as a standard primary endpoint in clinical trials evaluating novel therapies for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, it has recently been proposed that all-cause mortality or a composite comprised of all-cause mortality and all-cause nonelective hospitalization be adopt...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201311-1951OC
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand strategies for recruiting and maintaining lung volume in acute lung injury, we examined relationships between steady-state lung volume and cumulative cyclic recruitment/derecruitment volume history and the quasi-static pressure-volume curve, in an animal saline lavage lung injury model. Small-volu...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200305-614OC
更新日期:2004-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Recent cohort studies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have questioned the validity of previously reported associations between inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and reductions in mortality and rehospitalization in observational studies. Using time-dependent versions of statistical survival models,...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200502-210OC
更新日期:2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is elevated in patients with inflammatory pulmonary diseases and it has attracted increasing interest as a simple, noninvasive marker of airway inflammation. Little is known, however, about factors that might affect eNO in healthy subjects. We measured eNO in 157 healthy 7- to 13-yr-old chil...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.1.9804134
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decision analysis was used to compare three alternative strategies for a 6-mo course of treatment for tuberculosis: directly observed drug therapy (DOT), self-administered fixed-dose combination drug therapy, and self-administered conventional individual drug therapy. Estimates of effectiveness were obtained from the ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.4.8887600
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that in advanced pulmonary fibrosis, edema is redistributed away from the relatively noncompliant interstitium and predominantly floods alveoli. Severe left lung fibrosis was produced in six dogs with radiation and intratracheal bleomycin and, 24 mo later, hydrostatic edema was induced by infu...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.5.8173770
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergen inhalation causes airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in dogs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is associated with increases in oxygen radical production from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. A group of 10 random-source dogs were ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735610
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wheezing in childhood is not a single disorder and different wheezing-associated respiratory illnesses have been recently described. We investigated the association between wheezing conditions and familial, pre-, peri-, and postnatal risk factors. We studied 16,333 children, 6 to 7 yr old, enrolled in a population-bas...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.5.9811002
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute lung injury was produced in C57BL/6 mice by the intratracheal (i.t.) administration of bleomycin (BLM). Following injection of 0.1 U BLM, CD3+ lymphocytes and the production of the T-helper-1 (Th1) lymphokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were increased in lung and lymph nodes. The produ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.1.8680680
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclophosphamide-induced lung toxicity may be difficult to recognize because of the presence of confounding variables such as concomitant use of other cytotoxic drugs, opportunistic infections, diffuse pulmonary malignancy, radiation pneumonitis, and oxygen toxicity. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to i...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.6.8970380
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although airway inflammation is recognized as a key feature of asthma, the characteristics of airway inflammation in children with acute severe asthma are not well defined. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of airway inflammation in children with an acute exacerbation of asthma using sputum cel...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.3.9809071
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The impact of asthma on chronic lung function deficits is well known. However, there has been little study of ethnic differences in these asthma-associated deficits. OBJECTIVES:To examine whether there are ethnic differences in the effects of asthma on children's lung function. METHODS:We evaluated the impa...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200912-1863OC
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study is twofold: to evaluate alterations in total phospholipid content and individual phospholipid classes of the surfactant, and to detect markers of inflammatory reaction in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from patients with hydrostatic pulmonary edema (HPE). Mechanically ventilated patients...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.3.9117030
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study whether the individual inflammatory response to ozone was reproducible, dose-dependent, and time-dependent, we performed two exposures to 250 ppb ozone, one to 125 ppb and one to filtered air, each for 3 h of intermittent exercise and separated by at least 1 wk. Twenty-one healthy and 15 asthmatic subjects pa...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.3.9806098
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients receiving low dose methotrexate, one with rheumatoid arthritis and the other with pityriasis rubra pilaris, developed disseminated histoplasmosis and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare pneumonia, respectively. Twenty-three cases of opportunistic infection in patients receiving low dose methotrexate have b...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.150.1.8025760
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans exhibit an acute inflammatory response in the lungs after controlled laboratory exposure to ozone. The present study was designed to test whether biomarkers of inflammation are detectable in humans exposed to ozone and associated copollutants under natural conditions outdoors. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912760
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relative roles of mucus plugs and emphysema in mechanisms of airflow limitation and hypoxemia in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are uncertain. METHODS:We analyzed computed tomography (CT) lung images and lung function in participants in the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outc...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.202006-2248OC
更新日期:2020-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::In order to determine the long-term sequelae of prune belly syndrome (PBS) and whether the absence of abdominal wall musculature impairs exercise performance we studied nine patients 6 to 31 yr of age with PBS. Conventional spirometry, lung volumes, DLCO, and respiratory muscle strength were measured. A progressive 1-...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.4.8616560
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interpretation of incremental cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) might be enhanced by considering the simultaneous rates of change of certain key variables, e.g., Delta oxygen uptake/Delta work rate (Delta VO(2)/Delta WR), Delta heart rate/Delta VO(2) (Delta HR/Delta VO(2)), Delta ventilation/Delta carbon dioxide p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.8.2103007
更新日期:2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the hemodynamic effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n-CPAP) in normal subjects have had conflicting results. The largest study (n = 19) found no effect of up to 15 cm H2O on heart rate (HR), cardiac stroke volume (SV), or cardiac index. We hypothesized that n-CPAP, by increasing intrathora...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.6.8004320
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present prospective study was designed to determine the prevalence of pleural effusion at approximately 28 days after cardiac surgery and their subsequent course. This consecutive case study included 389 patients; 312 had only coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) surgery, 37 had both valve and CABG surgery,...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200203-184OC
更新日期:2002-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the studies linking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with oxidative stress are in vitro, using invasive techniques, or measuring systemic oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to quantify oxidative stress in the lungs in patients with COPD and in healthy smokers, as reflected by 8-isoprostane...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.2001063
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00