Abstract:
:Suzuki et al. [Vis. Res. 26, 425-9 (1986); Vis. Res. 28, 1061-70 (1988)] have described a formaldehyde-based (HCHO-based) extraction procedure that efficiently recovers 11-cis retinal initially present as rhodopsin chromophore in photoreceptor membranes. Using the isolated retina of the toad (Bufo marinus), we tested whether this procedure ('HCHO' method), in combination with a formaldehyde-free extraction procedure ('i/h' method) and the analysis of extracted retinoids by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), can account quantitatively for light-induced changes in retinoid levels and thus serve as an alternative to spectrophotometry for tracking the formation of all-trans retinol in this intact rod preparation. Initially dark-adapted retinas were incubated in bright light or in darkness and then analysed by homogenization and extraction using the HCHO and i/h methods. Combined data obtained using the two extraction procedures indicated a near-conservation of total retinoid recovered from dark-incubated and illuminated retinas, and thus accounted for light-induced changes in retinoid levels. The HCHO procedure, employing formaldehyde, isopropanol and hexane, was similar to that described by Suzuki et al. and recovered retinaldehydes including chromophoric 11-cis retinal. The i/h procedure utilized isopropanol and hexane and, unlike the HCHO method, efficiently recovered all-trans retinol. Illumination (onset at time zero) that produced an approximately exponential decline of 11-cis retinal (time constant of 24 s) led to an increase and then a gradual decline in all-trans retinal. The normalized peak level of all-trans retinal, representing about 0.54 of the total molar quantity of recovered retinoid, developed with illumination periods of 10-80 s. The normalized level of all-trans retinol reached approximately 0.3 in retinas illuminated for 1 min and, with longer illuminations (up to 30 min), exhibited an approximately exponential further growth to approximately 0.9 with a time constant of 9.2 min. The results indicate the workability of the HCHO and i/h extraction procedures for tracking the in situ conversion of all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol, a reaction thought to be important for both operation of the retinoid visual cycle and shut-off of the phototransduction cascade.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Okajima TL,Pepperberg DRdoi
10.1006/exer.1997.0331subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-09-01 00:00:00pages
331-40issue
3eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007pii
S0014483597903316journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The scleral spur in 37 human (age 17-87 years) and six cynomolgus monkey eyes (2-4 years) was investigated. Serial meridional and tangential sections were studied with ultrastructural and immunocytochemical methods. The bundles of the ciliary muscle do not enter the scleral spur, but their tendons, which consist of el...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(92)90132-c
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abstract::The pink-eyed dilution (p) locus is known to control the quantity of melanin pigment made within melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the eye. We have examined the effects of several mutant allele combinations at the murine p locus on the number and morphology of melanosomes in choroidal melanocytes and...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1998.0599
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1997.0286
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axial-length and refraction measurements are presented for the lid-sutured rhesus monkey at 6-month intervals during the first 1.5 years of life. The experimental data are fitted to an exponential growth theory allowing the calculation of time constants, apparent time origins, and correlation coefficients for 10 eyes ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
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doi:10.1016/0014-4835(86)90043-6
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The P23H-1 rat strain carries a rhodopsin mutation frequently found in retinitis pigmentosa patients. We investigated the progressive degeneration of the inner retina in this strain, focussing on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) fate. Our data show that photoreceptor death commences in the ventral retina, spreading to th...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2010.10.003
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy. Its cause is still unknown and it could be a risk factor for future ophthalmic problems. Retinal vascular bed alterations have been described as a consequence of PE, suggesting a retinopathy. Factors related to angiogenesis and vascular permeability, such ...
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doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.107981
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2017.10.020
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2009.09.008
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(88)80061-7
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2012.11.020
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2012.08.007
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2003.09.013
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor Prox1 acts in rodent retinogenesis, at least in promoting cell cycle withdrawal and horizontal cell production. In the mature retina, this protein is detected at the inner nuclear layer of all vertebrate groups. We have made a neurochemical characterisation of Prox1(+) cell types in two differ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2009.10.015
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(05)80009-0
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.09.010
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2007.11.011
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1994.1151
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(84)90007-1
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cysteine cathepsins are a family of proteases involved in intracellular protein turnover and extracellular matrix degradation. Cathepsin B (Ctsb) and cathepsin Z (Ctsz) promote tumorigenesis and Ctsb is a known modulator of tumor angiogenesis. We therefore investigated the angiomodulatory function of these cathepsins ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2013.06.014
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(83)90148-3
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.107955
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is a vitamin A carrier present only in the extracellular material lying between the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium of vertebrate eyes. The amount of retinol bound endogenously by IRBP in this interphotoreceptor space is known to increase upon illumin...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(91)90239-b
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different diffusion times of mitomycin-C (MMC) on the intrascleral concentration vs depth profile of MMC in an experimental model. Scleral quadrants of eight human donor eyes were exposed to sponges soaked with MMC for an application time of 1 min. After irrig...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2000.0901
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00