Abstract:
:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a means to assess functional (metabolic activity) of the brain. It is now possible to perform MRS in a clinical setting with the use of an inexpensive software package called Proton Brain Exam/Single Voxel (PROBE/SV) developed by General Electric Medical System for use on their 1.5-T MR scanner. We have used PROBE for over a year and have found it to be useful in the evaluation of brain abnormalities. Most of our experience with MRS has been in the evaluation of children with brain tumors. In this first article of a two-part series, a simplified introduction to single-voxel MRS is presented, including: 1) the differences in the normal MRS spectra of the brains of infants, children, and adults demonstrating the variation in peaks of the common metabolities (N-acetylasparate, creatine, and choline); 2) the two types of MRS pulse sequences, stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM), a T1-weighted sequence, and point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS), a T2-weighted sequence; and 3) some of the factors that influence the production of diagnostic and nondiagnostic spectra. Part Two will report findings on the efficacy of MRS in children with brain tumors. With a basic understanding of MRS, the abnormal spectra in the diagnosis of brain tumors can be appreciated.
journal_name
J Natl Med Assocjournal_title
Journal of the National Medical Associationauthors
Byrd SE,Tomita T,Palka PS,Darling CF,Norfray JP,Fan Jsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-10-01 00:00:00pages
649-54issue
10eissn
0027-9684issn
1943-4693journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Students of African ancestry often share an experience of being a racialized minority in the context of the educational institution. Late Professor of Anthropology John Ogbu's Cultural-ecological Theory of Academic Disengagement is employed to describe the negative responses encountered by peers in the name of academi...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2016.12.001
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::African Americans have higher rates of hypertension and poorer health status than their white counterparts. This study assessed the relationship between health status, cardiovascular risk factors, and measured blood pressure. Free blood pressure screenings were performed at businesses and organizations located in west...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
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abstract::The authors' experience with selective shunting during carotid endarterectomy utilizing electroencephalographic and stump pressure measurements is reported. No postoperative neurological deficits occurred in this group of selectively shunted patients. EEG appeared to offer no significant benefit in the management of t...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The surgeon who is faced with the management of a neonate with a prenatally ruptured omphalocele or a gastroschisis has a challenging problem. These anomalles are some of the most serious, lifethreatening neonatal surgical emergencies. ...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen normal individuals and 100 hospital patients, all black, were tested for abnormal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Male and female subjects (smokers and non-smokers) were tested. The results of the tests are discussed. For normal subjects, the CEA values ranged from 0.0 ng/ml to 2.6 ng/ml. Among hospital...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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abstract::The Keller resection arthroplasty was first described in 1904. Ninety years later, this operation continues to be useful to orthopaedic surgeons and their patients. This article presents the results of Keller bunionectomies in a private practice setting. Indications, surgical techniques, postoperative management, and ...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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abstract::The growing incidence of diabetes mellitus in the world is a widespread concern. While there has been improvement in the epidemiology and management of the disease in the developed world, the same cannot be said in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is getting less attention as is the funding that it merits compared to c...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
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doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30643-x
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abstract::The author presents a dietary program for weight reduction based not on the substitution of a low calorie meal for a high calorie meal, but on the pre-meal ingestion of low calorie bulk beverages that are pleasant to taste and space filling, thereby compromising the capacity of the stomach to accommodate much of the h...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of the literature on sickle cell trait was completed by Sears in 1978. Since that time, several papers have been published concerning the possible health risks of sickle cell trait. Data presented from these studies show that there is no association with sickle cell trait and overall survival, overall mortali...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small-bowel obstruction due to foreign bodies is unusual in adults. Intestinal obstruction is occasionally caused by pits, bezoars, endoscopy capsules, and gastrostomy tube buttons. We report a rare case of distal small-bowel obstruction due to dental impression material. Avoidance of this potentially life-threatening...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Experts recommend that physician practices collect and use patient race, ethnicity, and primary language data to document and address health care disparities and improve health care quality for diverse populations. Little is known about demographic data collection in small practice settings. OBJECTIVE:To co...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30673-8
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diversity and inclusion are terms that have been used widely in a variety of contexts, but these concepts have only been intertwined into the discussion in healthcare in the recent past. It is important to have a healthcare workforce which represents the tapestry of our communities as it relates to race/ethn...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2020.03.014
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)33519-7
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31439-5
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinoma of the colorectum should be suspected and diagnosed early and treated adequately. Principles of surgical therapy are discussed. Meticulous follow-up is essential and re-exploration to remove recurrent disease is necessary. ...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Very low birthweight and preterm delivery explain two thirds of the excess deaths experienced by African-American infants. Although comprehensive, good quality services for all African-American women will help to reduce the twofold higher rate of infant mortality experienced by African-American infants compared with w...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opioid use disorder (OUD) constitutes a significant public health burden as opioid overdose deaths have continued to rise in the United States. Although treatment modalities are available to manage OUD, some patients experience challenges achieving their OUD management goals. Some of these challenges may be attributab...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2019.09.006
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the value of three-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) in evaluating craniofacial abnormalities. Over a 2-year period, 145 children evaluated with routine two-dimensional (2-D) CT had 3-D CT reformatted images assessing a variety of anomalies including craniosynostos...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2020.04.003
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arsine gas exposure is a rare occupational event and can be completely prevented with the use of appropriate protective gear. Exposure often occurs when arsine gas is generated while arsenic-containing crude ores or metals are treated with acid. Cases of toxicity require an index of suspicion and a good history. In pa...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00