Abstract:
:Casodex (bicalutamide, Zeneca Limited) is a nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at the androgen receptor. The drug was developed to fulfil a number of needs for the treatment of prostate cancer. The specific aim was to demonstrate pharmacological activity, which would translate into clinical efficacy, good tolerability in the context of its use, oral availability, a convenient and forgiving dosing regimen, and clinical acceptability. Casodex has been shown to be orally bioavailable and well absorbed, with a plasma half-life of around 1 week. Although steady-state levels are not reached for 1 month, there is evidence that the androgen receptor blockade achieved with Casodex is equivalent to that of flutamide by the end of the first day. The dose of Casodex was established in a series of dose-ranging studies using the surrogate endpoints of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Initial studies suggested that a dose of 50 mg daily gave a fall in PAP equivalent to that seen with castration. This dose was, therefore, evaluated as monotherapy and subsequently as a component of combined androgen blockade. Higher doses were evaluated using PSA as a surrogate endpoint and, although doses up to 450 mg have been given to man, 150 mg daily is well tolerated with demonstrable evidence of activity. Although trials of the drug at 150 mg in monotherapy have, to date, not shown survival equivalence with castration, Casodex has been well tolerated with evidence of good symptomatic response and quality-of-life benefits including the potential of retaining libido. In combination treatment, Casodex is associated with significantly less gastrointestinal effects (diarrhoea) than the nonsteroidal antiandrogen flutamide (Eulexin, Schering-Plough International). Casodex is not associated with alcohol intolerance, pneumonitis and ocular defects which have been seen with the antiandrogen nilutamide (Anandron, Roussel). Moreover, since Casodex is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, no steroidal effects have been seen.
journal_name
Eur Uroljournal_title
European urologyauthors
Blackledge GRdoi
10.1159/000473847subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
96-104eissn
0302-2838issn
1873-7560journal_volume
29 Suppl 2pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
EUROPEAN UROLOGY文献大全abstract::Addition of surgery to cytoreductive chemotherapy has increased the number of patients with complete remission after advanced testicular cancer. In this report, we present the morbidity of complete retroperitoneal lymph node dissection following aggressive chemotherapy in 10 of these patients. Although no mortality an...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000474102
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The technique of transcatheter arterial embolization in the management of malignant tumours of the urinary tract and in particular of the kidneys and bladder is described. The results in a series of 10 patients (9 with hypernephroma and 1 with a carcinoma of the bladder) are analyzed and the advantages as well as the ...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000473924
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Energy metabolism is important in cancer proliferation and progression, but its role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:We explored whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in energy metabolic pathways are associated with PCa risk and prognosis, and whether antidiabe...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2015.03.026
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polygraphic exploration during sleep using cystomanometry was performed in 20 patients aged 7-17 years with primary (17) or secondary (3) enuresis. In this group of patients, 9 presented with isolated nocturnal enuresis while 11 patients had associated diurnal micturition troubles. During this study we documented 24 e...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000474272
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach is utilized to treat a right renal tumor with vena caval thrombus reaching infrahepatic veins. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The patient is an 87-year-old woman with a tumor measuring 8 x 9 cm and a vena caval thrombus (7 cm), stretching as far as the subhepatic vein. The retr...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2004.11.010
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous reports, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been considered to be a useful tumor marker in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This led us to perform a prospective clinical trial in this field. NSE was checked as a tumor marker for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with RCC. We report on 55 patients and their NS...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000474336
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 91 primary transitional cell cancers (TCC) of the urinary bladder were stained with a monoclonal antibody to c-erb B-2 oncoprotein. Twelve percent (11/91) of the TCC stained for c-erb b-2 oncoprotein, and in 4% (4/91) of cases, the expression was graded as moderate or h...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000471706
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) has shown a 20% relative reduction in prostate cancer mortality after 16yr [rate ratio (RR) 0.80], but centers varied by attendance, screen interval, biopsy compliance, contamination in the control arm, and treatments. We used a microsimulation mod...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2019.04.007
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) has been, and still is, treated by performing a transurethral or open prostatectomy. During the last decade many alternative treatments have been introduced and one of these new modalities uses laser energy in the ablation of prostatic tissue. W...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000474137
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the long-term results of the transvaginal needle suspension operation for urinary stress incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 88 women with proved genuine stress incontinence were treated with transvaginal needle suspension with fixation of suspension sutures to the rectus fascia using...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000052364
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To present the current status of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) in Germany, Austria and Switzerland with respect to transferability, learning curve, and outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The data of 5824 patients who underwent LRP in 18 centers by 50 urologists from March 1999 to August 2004 were analyze...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2005.10.003
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyse the length of needle cores sampled as a quality indicator in systematic transperineal prostate biopsy. We assessed the correlation of core length with the other clinical and topographic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We prospectively evaluated data from 509 consecutive patients who underwent a f...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2005.12.057
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Knowledge regarding the incidence and prevalence of acute urinary retention and the ultimate outcome is very limited. The purpose of the present analysis was to document the natural history and outcomes of acute urinary retention (AUR) further specified as being either precipitated or spontaneous, and to eva...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000020189
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scrotal ultrasonography was performed in 888 testes of 444 randomly selected men appearing before the medical board prior to military service (Mili group, 287 men, median age 18.8 years), and in employees from an industrial company (Empl group, 157 men, median age 35.6 years). The ultrasonic volume of each testis was ...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000474300
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The long-term outcome of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is unpredictable because of, among others, the risk of breakdown of one of its components. Our objective was to define a strategy for an accurate diagnosis and an appropriate management of these problems. PATIENTS AND METHODS:From 1985 to 2000, 298 ...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2004.01.017
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To determine the anatomic extent of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP), knowledge about the topography of lymph node (LN) metastases is required. OBJECTIVE:Because small-volume LN metastases may be missed by standard histopathologi...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2013.02.007
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown a modest impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on primary renal tumors. Those studies were mostly retrospective or heterogeneous in their eligibility criteria with regard to histology, disease stage, duration of therapy, and time off therapy prior to surgery. OBJECTIVE:To prospect...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.035
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A dysregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in various malignancies and is often mediated by mutations in several oncogenes (eg, RAF, RAS). B-RAF mutations, predominantly the specific V600E mutation and additional alterations in exons 11 and 15, were frequently dete...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2005.11.031
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten cases of prostatic epithelial polyps of the prostatic urethra are reported. The ages of the patients were from 27 to 69 years, with a mean of 44 years. The most common clinical signs were gross hematuria, microhematuria, hematospermia, and dysuria. All specimens, obtained by transurethral resection, had a papillar...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000471544
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:No single large published randomized controlled trial (RCT) has confirmed the efficacy of virtual simulators in the acquisition of skills to the standard required for safe clinical robotic surgery. This remains the main obstacle for the adoption of these virtual simulators in surgical residency curricula. OBJE...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2015.09.021
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::22 patients diagnosed as having bladder neck disease were evaluated retrospectively point of view. Urodynamic study including intravesical pressure, rectal pressure, intrinsic detrusor pressure and urine flow was performed in every case. A relation was established between the findings and the definite etiology. Two ur...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tendency to develop bacteriuria during the use of various forms of indwelling catheters was evaluated in a randomized trial in 90 patients. A silver alloy and hydrogel-coated Foley catheter (SHC) was compared to a non-coated catheter (NC) and a catheter coated only with hydrogel (HC). Three patients (10%) with SHC...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000464046
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consultant Outcomes Publication aims to drive up standards of care by greater transparency and peer comparison of surgical practice and outcomes. This is despite difficulties of data entry and bias, and potential for risk avoidance and diminished training. ...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2018.02.015
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Advances in basic research will enhance prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of renal cancer patients. OBJECTIVE:To discuss advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of renal cancer, targeted therapies, renal cancer and immunity, and genetic factors and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). EVIDENCE ACQUISITI...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.06.048
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a distressing disorder in women. The transvaginal method of VVF repair is generally preferred, as its minimally invasive nature appears to offer several advantages compared with the abdominal approach, including decreased pain and blood loss and reduced hospital stay. A common ...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2019.04.010
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A new edition of the TNM was recently released that includes modifications for the staging system of kidney cancers. Specifically, T2 cancers were subclassified into T2a and T2b (< or =10 cm vs >10 cm), tumors with renal vein involvement or perinephric fat involvement were classified as T3a cancers, and thos...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2010.07.006
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate effective factors in the survival of patients with Fournier's gangrene (FG) and to determine the validity of the Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI), which was designed for determining disease severity in these patients. METHODS:The study included 20 men with a median age of 63.5 yr treated...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.01.030
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While the published short-term oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) are encouraging, intermediate and long-term data are lacking. OBJECTIVE:We analyzed the oncologic outcome after LRP based on 10 yr of experience. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:This retrospective analysis of...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2008.10.036
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Eraser, a 1318-nm diode laser, has been used for 15 yr for resection of lung metastases. It was recently introduced in urology for small kidney tumors and for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction. OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate on video our technique of Eraser laser enucleation of the prostate (ELEP) and...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.049
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the role of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RLRP) based on personal experience and a review of the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Own experience at one European and one American LRP-center includes more than 2000 cases. We performed a MEDLINE...
journal_title:European urology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2005.12.054
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00