Abstract:
:This work describes the design, development, and characterization of an ionization chamber to detect and locate gamma ray sources with intensities down to 100 mu Gy h(-1). The results show that sources of x ray and gamma radiation in the energy range of 14 to 1,250 keV can be located. The directional sensitivity of this type of monitor is dependent on several parameters, such as photon energy, intensity, and the degree of complexity in terms of the number and type of sources in a contaminated area. An application important to the Army is to identify hotspots in a contaminated area and thereby indicate to personnel safer paths around them. Another possible use for this type of monitor may be in security applications in the prevention of shipping or storing clandestine sources.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Kronenberg S,Bruckner GJ,Bechtel E,Gentner Fdoi
10.1097/00004032-199604000-00007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-04-01 00:00:00pages
505-11issue
4eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::A complete, historical dataset is presented of radionuclide resuspension-factors. These data span six orders of magnitude in time (ranging from 0.1 to 73,000 d), encompass more than 300 individual values, and combine observations from events on three continents. These data were then used to derive improved, empirical ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31821ddb07
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing risk from manmade and naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment has long been of primary interest in radiation protection. Early investigations and decisions relied on direct measurements of radiation in environmental media; however, these techniques were inadequate for determining exposure to hum...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198808000-00027
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan (FRERP) directs the Department of Energy (DOE) to maintain a viable, timely, and fully documented response option capable of supporting the responsible Lead Federal Agency in the event of a radiological emergency impacting any state or United States territory (e.g., CON...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200002001-00007
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical health physics is the profession dedicated to the protection of healthcare providers, members of the public, and patients from unwarranted radiation exposure. Medical health physicists must be knowledgeable in the principles of health physics and in the applications of radiation in medicine. Advances in medica...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-200405000-00001
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population-based case-control study of thyroid cancer was carried out in contaminated regions of Belarus and Russia among persons who were exposed during childhood and adolescence to fallout from the Chernobyl accident. For each study subject, individual thyroid doses were reconstructed for the following pathways of...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181c910dd
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The operational radiation protection issues associated with the Z-Machine accelerator located at Sandia National Laboratories are large: a variety of materials can be placed into the machine; these materials can be subjected to a variety of nuclear reactions, producing a variety of activation products. Without full un...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000253937.78314.e6
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::For efficiently measuring ultraviolet transmission through clothing materials for a large number of samples, an automated measuring system with a broad-band method has been built and calibrated against a spectroradiometer based instrument. The apparatus can be used to test 60 samples in 25 min. A selection of clothing...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199702000-00008
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manipulations of lethally-irradiated animals, such as for administration of pharmaceuticals, blood sampling, or other laboratory procedures, have the potential to induce stress effects that may negatively affect morbidity and mortality. To investigate this in a murine model of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrom...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000354
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The materials cycle for (137)Cs, a low-level radioactive material of interest from a security perspective (as a possible source for "dirty bombs") as well as for its extensive industrial and medical uses, has been characterized for the United States for the year 2000. The focus is on products utilizing the isotope rat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000185579.20291.8f
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We collected bricks from buildings in the heavily contaminated evacuated area of Belarus in a 30-km zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power station and the Gomel-Bryansk area of 150-250 km from Chernobyl and estimated the cumulative radiation dose caused by the reactor accident by measuring the thermoluminescence (TL)...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200208000-00007
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guidelines for occupational exposure to radiation are based on annual absorbed or effective dose. Guidelines for Rn exposure are currently based on air concentrations of Rn or decay products. Models of bronchial dose from decay product exposure are based on calculations that have five major parameters with parameter v...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000828
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data were obtained from the literature for gonad and body weights and for the Pu or Ce content of the gonads and body at death for several laboratory animal species, five human Pu injection cases, and 731 human adults exposed environmentally to Pu in fallout. Data for Pu concentration in gonads, liver, and bone sample...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907001-00012
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 150 data sets giving time-dependent concentrations of 131I and 137Cs in feed and milk of cows after the Chernobyl accident are evaluated using a minimal compartmental modeling approach. Transfer of cesium via the grass-cow-milk pathway is adequately described by a three-compartmental model. No unique model r...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199406000-00005
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this statement, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) presents its principles for protection against adverse health effects from exposure to non-ionizing radiation. These are based upon the principles for protection against ionizing radiation of the International Commission for ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001252
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The former Apollo facility converted enriched uranium hexafluoride into uranium oxide for shipment to nuclear fuel fabrication plants from 1957 to 1983. This paper describes quantification of the source term from the Apollo facility in terms of quantities of uranium released, particle size, and solubility characterist...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001343
更新日期:2020-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::External gamma exposures from radionuclides deposited on surfaces usually result in the major contribution to the total dose to the public living in urban-industrial environments. The aim of the paper is to give an example for a calculation of the collective and averted collective dose due to the contamination and dec...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200402000-00007
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three statistical control chart methods were investigated to determine the one with the highest detection probability and the best average run length (ARL). The three control charts include the Shewhart control chart of count data, cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis of count data (Poisson CUSUM), and CUSUM analysis of ti...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182430106
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of the ingestion dose pathways in collective effective dose due to severe reactor accidents is evaluated by studying two different radioactive accidental releases. A short description of the ingestion dose pathway model is also given. Typically, exposure via contaminated food without countermeasures cau...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198602000-00004
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between 1952 and 1992, more than 200 large radiobiology studies were conducted in research institutes throughout Europe, North America, and Japan to determine the effects of external irradiation and internal emitters on the lifespan and tissue toxicity development in animals. At Argonne National Laboratory, 22 externa...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181febad3
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1980, the NCRP formed Scientific Committee 66 with an assignment to address the subject of "biological effects of ultrasound and exposure criteria." It was recognized that the primary source of exposure to ultrasound was through medical applications and, especially, through procedures employing diagnostic ultrasoun...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type:
doi:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00004
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small plastic chambers containing alpha track detectors are often used for measuring indoor concentrations of 222Rn. This paper reports an experimental assessment of sources of error in measurements made with alpha track detector-containing chambers. The results demonstrate the feasibility of a nondestructive test for...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199510000-00008
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The design and performance of a positionally sensitive system for the laser read-out of dosimetric information contained in LiF chips and a specially designed composite detector having a thin LiF layer is reported. A 2 cm X 3 cm X 0.254 mm LiF layer was successfully manufactured with a glass backing; however, this was...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199010000-00004
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The many reports and other authoritative documents developed and published by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) have been of great service to the nation and the radiation protection community since its Congressional charter was signed into law 50 y ago. There will be a continuing nee...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000228
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Time-dependent chemical compositions for 13N and 15O induced in the air atmosphere of a high energy electron accelerator room have been studied using a computer simulation method. A radiation chemistry model was developed to describe the chemical reactions of 13N and 15O species with the air molecules and their radiol...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199804000-00007
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several soil samples of Bangalore region were analyzed for the concentrations of Ra, Th, and K by gamma ray spectrometry. The concentration of Ra varied in the range 7.7-111.6 Bq kg with a mean value of 26.2 Bq kg, Th in the range 16.7-98.7 Bq kg with a mean of 53.1 Bq kg, and that of K in the range 151.8-1424.2 Bq kg...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000291943.50516.d0
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally, medical radiation emergency plans have provided for the receipt and care of a limited number of individuals, usually no more than two or three at any given time. Large numbers of contaminated, uninjured individuals cannot be effectively handled in the emergency departments (EDs) of hospitals as they pre...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000165870.08277.b8
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy-five years after the Hanford Site was initially created as the primary plutonium production site for atomic weapons development under the Manhattan Project, the American Nuclear Society and the Health Physics Society are sponsoring a conference from 30 September through 3 October 2018, in Pasco, Washington, ti...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000807
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biological elimination of nine gamma-emitting radioisotopes was studied in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) which were released onto liquid radioactive waste pounds in southeastern Idaho. After 68, 75 or 145 days, the ducks were removed from the contaminated environment and placed in metabolic cages. Whole-body and f...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198309000-00016
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uranium industry in the American Southwest has had profoundly negative impacts on American Indian communities. Navajo workers experienced significant health problems, including lung cancer and nonmalignant respiratory diseases, and psychosocial problems, such as depression and anxiety. There were four uranium proc...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182243a7a
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decisions on whether to start a therapeutic intervention for management of the Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) should be made early after exposure, and it should be based on readily available clinical signs and laboratory parameters. Here, the authors use the minipig to assess if early prediction of the later developin...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000456
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00