Transport of iodine and cesium via the grass-cow-milk pathway after the Chernobyl accident.

abstract：:Low-dose radiation is widely used across the world for the diagnosis of many diseases by means of a variety of imaging technologies. However, the harmful effects of exposure to low-dose radiation during medical examination remain controversial. The authors studied the effects of medical diagnostic low-dose x rays (i.e...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Tungjai M,Phathakanon N,Rithidech KN

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ionizing radiation exposure to the lens of the eye is a known cause of cataractogenesis. Historically, it was believed that the acute threshold dose for cataract formation was 5 Sv, and annual dose limits to the lens were set at 150 mSv. Recently, however, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has re...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Thome C,Chambers DB,Hooker AM,Thompson JW,Boreham DR

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In situ and laboratory gamma spectroscopy were used to characterize natural background levels of radiation in the soil at eight sites around the Yucca Mountain Range. The purpose of this practical field analysis was to determine if published empirical in situ calibration factors would yield accurate quantitative speci...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Benke RR,Kearfott KJ

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acute and chronic effects of radiation on children have been and will continue to be of great social, public health, scientific, and clinical importance. The focus of interest on ionizing radiation and children has been clear for over half a century and ranges from the effects of fallout from nuclear weapons testi...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Mettler FA Jr,Constine LS,Nosske D,Shore RE

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Continuously repeated or frequent periodic measurements of the radiation environment in the absence of an identified source of ionizing radiation provide large data sets on the ambient background. Statistical evaluation of these data allows for the identification and quantification of the relevant background distribut...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Brandl A

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A high-pressure ion chamber filled with 2.5825 X 10(5) kg m-2 argon as used to measure the dose rates of several sites of interest in an attempt to evaluate the dose rates contributed by cosmic rays. Observation sites included two water reservoirs deeper than 110 m, Mount Ali which is higher than 2500 m, airliners fly...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Weng PS,Chen CF

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study is to support retrospective dose estimation for epidemiological studies by providing estimates of historical absorbed organ doses to the brain, lens of the eye, salivary glands, and thyroid from intraoral dental radiographic examinations performed from 1940 to 2009. We simulated organ doses t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Fontana RC,Pasqual E,Miller DL,Simon SL,Cardis E,Thierry-Chef I

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple passive sampler for 222Rn with up to 24-hr integration times can be constructed by using a diffusion barrier to regulate the effective sampling rate of an ambient temperature activated carbon bed. The diffusion element serves to make sampler performance relatively independent of the properties of the type of ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Prichard HM,Mariën K

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With more than 80 reported/confirmed accidental melts worldwide since 1983 and still counting, potential contamination by radioactive materials remains as a major concern among recycled scrap and steel companies. Some of these events were catastrophic and have cost the industry millions of dollars in business and, at ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Turner R

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Consideration of the equilibrium factor F between the concentration of the radon daughters and the concentration of radon is a part of the evaluation of the measurements of radon daughter concentrations in dwellings when applying limits. Measurements of radon, radon daughters and air exchange rates have been carried o...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Swedjemark GA

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout 53 years of operations, an estimated 29,300 TBq of tritium were released to the atmosphere at the Livermore site of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); about 75% of this was released as tritium gas primarily in two accidental releases. A tritium dose reconstruction was undertaken to chronicle bot...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Peterson SR

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This document describes the attributes of an alpha spectroscopy counting and analysis system called Low Level Pulse Height Analysis (LLPHA). It was developed for multi-sample alpha spectroscopy analysis. The LLPHA system is controlled by a MIK-11/2 microcomputer with 28K of memory and uses a double-density, dual flopp...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Guilmette RA,Archibeque FA

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of nuclear gauges for process control and elemental analysis in the mining industry in Ghana, West Africa, is wide spread and on the increase in recent times. The Ghana Radiation Protection Board regulates nuclear gauges through a system of notification and authorization by registration or licensing, inspectio...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Faanu A,Darko EO,Awudu AR,Schandorf C,Emi-Reynolds G,Yeboah J,Glover ET,Kattah VK

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The federal government has had the ability to respond to incidents of national significance for decades. Since 11 September 2001, there have been enhancements to existing federal assets and the creation of new federal assets. This presentation will provide an overview of the more significant federal assets. Pivotal to...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Remick AL,Crapo JL,Woodruff CR

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radon exposure is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, and elevated levels may be found in as many as 1 out of 15 homes. The U.S. EPA recommends testing homes for radon and mitigating over the advisory level of 4 picocuries per liter (4 pCi L(-1), or 148 Bq m(-3)). A sample population from a list of ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Riesenfeld EP,Marcy TW,Reinier K,Mongeon JA,Trumbo CW,Wemple BE,Kaminsky DA

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The CASTEAUR project proposes a simplified tool to assess the transfer of radionuclides between and in the main biotic and abiotic components of the freshwater ecosystem. Applied to phenomenological modeling, various hypotheses simplify the transfer equations, which, when programmed under Excel, can be readily dispatc...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Beaugelin-Seiller K,Boyer P,Garnier-Laplace J,Adam C

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Field Research Division uses the HYRad-HYSPLIT dispersion model to assess hypothetical accidental releases of airborne radioactive materials at the Idaho National Laboratory in southeastern Idaho. The State of Idaho Department of Environmental Quality Idaho Na...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Abbott ML

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of x-ray generators for diagnostic radiology in the medical sector in Cameroon, Central Africa, is wide spread and on the increase in recent times. Regulatory control of x-ray machines used in medical sector has been achieved in the Littoral Region of Cameroon by means of notification and authorization systems...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Beyala Ateba JF,Simo A,Moyo Ndontchueng M,Sabouang JF

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A Monte Carlo based method for the conversion of an in-situ gamma-ray spectrum obtained with a portable Ge detector to photon flux energy distribution is proposed. The spectrum is first stripped of the partial absorption and cosmic-ray events leaving only the events corresponding to the full absorption of a gamma ray....

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Clouvas A,Xanthos S,Antonopoulos-Domis M,Silva J

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on anecdotal evidence and networking with colleagues at other facilities, it has become evident that some radiation safety departments are not adequately staffed and radiation safety professionals need to increase their staffing levels. Discussions with management regarding radiation safety department staffing o...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Harvey RP

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As part of the UK Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Directorate of Fisheries Research (MAFF/DFR) post-Chernobyl monitoring program, a detailed study was carried out of the change over time in dissolved-phase 137Cs concentrations in a number of lakes in Cumbria, UK. These measurements have been combined with p...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Smith JT,Leonard DR,Hilton J,Appleby PG

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transportable (e.g., "giraffe") air samplers can be used for both short-term "grab-sampling" situations involving a few minutes to several hours, as well as for long-term retrospective air sampling situations that typically last a week. It is the short-term coverage situation which begs the question: "how long a sampl...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Justus AL

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Design and associated good practices are described for a modular glovebox connector to improve control of radioactive and chemically toxic materials. The connector consists of an anodized aluminum circular port with a mating spacer, gaskets, and retaining rings for joining two parallel ends of commercially available o...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hoover MD,Mewhinney CJ,Newton GJ

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With present-day rapid increases in the applications of radiofrequency microwave radiation in research, medicine, defense, communications, and industry, it has become necessary to have simple inexpensive portable radiofrequency microwave field strength meters for health and safety surveys around operating equipment. T...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Sachdev RN,Swarup G,Rajan KK,Joseph L

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radon-222 diffusion length has been measured for 28 Danish soils and sediments. Samples were placed in a diffusion column connected to a 222Rn reservoir and the transport of 222Rn through the column was measured. The diffusion length was found by comparing the measured data to time-dependent diffusion theory. Dry silt...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Søgaard-Hansen J,Damkjaer A

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes a program of laboratory and field studies undertaken to assess the health impact of radioactive debris from the re-entry of the Soviety nuclear-powered satellite, Cosmos 954, on 24 January 1978. It was estimated that about one-quarter of the reactor core descended over Canada's Northwest Territori...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Tracy BL,Prantl FA,Quinn JM

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Goiânia accident, many individuals suffered external and internal contamination. The screening of internal contamination was done through 137Cs urinary excretion. During the first month after the accident, only in-vitro bioassay procedures were done. Incorporation into the body and committed doses were estimate...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lipsztein JL,Bertelli L,Melo DR,Azeredo AM,Julião L,Santos MS

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concentrations of natural alpha-emitting isotopes of thorium (228Th, 230Th and 232Th) have been determined in 22 sets of human tissue samples obtained at autopsy from Grand Junction, CO and in 10 sets from Washington, DC. Tissues included lung, pulmonary lymph nodes, liver, kidney, bone, a few gonads, spleen and t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ibrahim SA,Wrenn ME,Singh NP,Cohen N,Saccomano G

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in California is currently in operation with the goal to demonstrate fusion energy gain for the first time in the laboratory-also referred to as "ignition." Based on these demonstration experiments, the Laser Inertial Fusion Ener...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Reyes S,Dunne M,Kramer K,Anklam T,Havstad M,Mazuecos AL,Miles R,Martinez-Frias J,Deri B

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article presents an optimization study for radiological protection in a U mine. The mathematical model of the alpha contamination associated with short-lived Rn daughters allows the comparison of various protection strategies through a cost-effectiveness analysis. Determining the optimal protection strategy is ca...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lombard J,Oudiz A,Zettwoog P

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00