Abstract:
:The federal government has had the ability to respond to incidents of national significance for decades. Since 11 September 2001, there have been enhancements to existing federal assets and the creation of new federal assets. This presentation will provide an overview of the more significant federal assets. Pivotal to a response of national significance is the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center, which organizes and coordinates federal agency monitoring activities during an emergency. DOE manages the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center during the emergency phase, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) manages the response during the recovery phase once the emergency is terminated. EPA monitoring teams provide support during both the emergency and recovery phases of an emergency. Other DOE teams are available to respond to major nuclear power plant events, transportation accidents, or terrorism events involving the use of radiological materials, including the Radiological Assistance Program, the Aerial Measuring System, the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center, and the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site. For incidents involving a nuclear weapon, an improvised nuclear device, or a radiological dispersal device, DOE assets such as the Nuclear Emergency Support Team and the Accident Response Group could provide capabilities for weapon or device search, recovery, and removal. The Radiological Triage System harnesses the weapons scientists and engineers at the DOE national laboratories to provide gamma spectroscopy interpretation for agencies responding to an incident. In recent years, National Guard Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil Support Teams have been created to support state and local response to terrorism events. The Civil Support Teams normally come under direct control of the state and can respond without requiring authorization from the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Changes brought about by the events of September 11 also extend to changing federal response policy and planning. Therefore, the Catastrophic Incident Response Annex to the National Response Plan is discussed. DoD also provides specifically designated radiological response capabilities that can be utilized within the guidelines of the National Response Plan. While optimally designed to support military missions, these resources also help provide for a well-equipped set of national assets to temporarily support and augment the local, state, and federal civil agencies that have primary authority and responsibility for domestic disaster assistance. The military's role in domestic emergencies is well defined in military regulations, as well as the national plan.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Remick AL,Crapo JL,Woodruff CRdoi
10.1097/01.hp.0000175447.43906.54keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-11-01 00:00:00pages
471-84issue
5eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159pii
00004032-200511000-00007journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::If a large radioactive cloud is produced, sampling may require that an airplane traverse the cloud. A method to predict the absorbed dose to the aircrew from penetrating the radioactive cloud is needed. Dose rates throughout spherically symmetric Gaussian clouds of various sizes, and the absorbed doses from traversing...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199906000-00007
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ICRP effective dose equivalent has been compared with a weighted dose equivalent, computed by treating the entire remainder instead of the sample of five remainder organs in the ICRP method as uniformly radiosensitive, for dose distributions from three common diagnostic exposures: chest, dental full-mouth and dent...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198904000-00012
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unventilated 70 m underground space, with 2.1 m high ceilings and an inner set of concrete walls to damp vibrations, was discovered to have relatively stable radon levels of ~1,080 Bq m over a 1-y period. The addition of radium sources was not required to achieve high and somewhat variable radon levels, as these ar...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001047
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accidents or radiological attacks may lead to ingestion of Cs by large numbers of the public. This work models the efficacy of Prussian blue, the medical countermeasure for internal contamination with Cs, to prevent acute radiation syndrome as a function of the duration of treatment and the time that treatment starts ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000966
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monte Carlo neutron transport calculations were performed to obtain the neutron response functions of a superheated drop detector (SDD-100) that is surrounded by polyethylene of various thicknesses. The calculational results suggest that a SDD-100 surrounded by 2.54 cm of polyethylene gives the best dose-equivalent re...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199203000-00001
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exposure of German aircraft crews to cosmic radiation varies both with solar activity and operational factors of airline business. Data come from the German central dose registry and cover monthly exposures of up to 37,000 German aircraft crewmembers that were under official monitoring. During the years 2004 to 20...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000150
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study were to develop and improve the sensitivity of an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer and to demonstrate its functionality for dosimetry in measuring ESR signals from radiation-exposed fingernails. The newly-developed spectrometer was a lightweight (22 kg) one-box ESR device with a resona...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000348019.70058.a0
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to estimate the uncertainty of the radiation risk associated with the photon energy in epidemiological studies, photon-fluence-weighted LET values were quantified for photon radiation fields with the target organs and irradiation conditions taken into consideration. The photon fluences giving a unit absorbed ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000683
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scientific data are reviewed to evaluate the risks of radioiodine uptake and to compare those risks with the benefits and risks of low milligram doses of stable potassium iodide (KI). The limit of 25 rad to the thyroid due to radioiodine uptake is adopted as the "break-even" point above which 130-mg KI doses should be...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-198502000-00001
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Brookhaven National Laboratory Sigma Pile is a radium-beryllium neutron source imbedded in a cube of graphite blocks. The pile is approximately 2.13 m on four sides and is 3.07 m high. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to determine the neutron and gamma-ray dose rates in the pile. Gamma-ray dose rate measurem...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fallout 137Cs levels in soil were measured at 11 diverse sites throughout Montana. Concentrations in near-surface samples ranged from 20-200 mBq g-1 (0.51-5.41 pCi g-1). Most of the 137Cs was in the top 10 cm of soil. Deeper occurrences were attributed to disturbances by animals and to interstitial flow of small sedim...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198912000-00010
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uranium industry in the American Southwest has had profoundly negative impacts on American Indian communities. Navajo workers experienced significant health problems, including lung cancer and nonmalignant respiratory diseases, and psychosocial problems, such as depression and anxiety. There were four uranium proc...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182243a7a
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The deployment of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) is likely to result in relatively low radiation exposure of the targeted population, insufficient to cause a severe radiation detriment. Nevertheless, due to atmospheric dispersion of the radioactive material, an urban area equaling several city blocks could be a...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000178545.02726.21
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A critical review of the literature on the biokinetics of inhaled mercury vapor was performed as part of an accident analysis for the Spallation Neutron Source to be built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It was concluded that current models for inhaled mercury vapor do not accurately describe the distribution or res...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200110000-00010
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents the findings of a study undertaken to determine the natural radioactivity present in some building materials in Nigeria using a gamma-ray spectrometer with a hyper pure germanium detector. A total of 118 samples of commonly used building materials were collected from manufacturers and suppliers of ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000279601.26386.af
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work was directed towards an assessment of alpha/beta separation, alpha detection efficiency, energy resolution, quench sensitivity, and background count rate for four commercially available liquid scintillation cocktails using a Wallac 1415 liquid scintillation counter. The four cocktails were Wallac Oy OptiPhas...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199601000-00007
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionizing radiation is a known, well-documented, and reasonably well-quantified human cancer risk factor based on a remarkably consistent body of dose-response information from epidemiological studies of exposed populations supported by experimental studies using animal and cellular models. This fact is largely ascriba...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type:
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e318227e822
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mayak Production Association (MPA) was the first plutonium production plant in the former Soviet Union. Workers at the MPA were exposed to relatively large internal radiation intakes and external radiation exposures, particularly in the early years of plant operations. This paper describes the updated dosimetry da...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000266071.43137.0e
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Cameco lung counter has been recalibrated using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory torso phantom using an extended lung set (i.e., longer than the original set). The previous calibration had used the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute torso phantom. The new calibration had lower counting efficiencie...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000346306.54221.28
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Databases are being created that contain verified and updated dosimetry and worker history information for workers at the Mayak Production Association. Many workers had significant external and internal exposures, particularly during the early years (1948-1952) of operation. These dosimetric and worker history data ar...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200007000-00012
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The U.S. Department of Energy is committed to protecting the public and environment against undue risk from radiation associated with radiological activities conducted under its control. Some U.S. Department of Energy Site activities result in emissions of radioactive materials to the air. CAP88 codes are used to mode...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182904d8f
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The factors affecting indoor radon properties in Hong Kong have been studied, including the radon concentration, the total potential alpha energy concentration of radon progeny, the equilibrium factor, and the fraction of unattached radon progeny. These factors fall into three categories, namely, (1) the building char...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199608000-00008
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fallout 239,240Pu concentrations in some autopsy tissues from the general population in Japan are described. Body burden and relative distribution among tissues of plutonium were obtained by extrapolating using the mass of relevant tissues of the normal Japanese adult. 239,240Pu-to-90Sr body burden ratio was obtained....
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198306001-00043
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Before issuing a new or revised authorization to discharge liquid radioactive waste to a river, past and current practice has been to assess the impact of each discharge on a site-by-site basis. This paper reports an assessment of the combined impact of all the (year 1999) authorized discharges in the upper River Tham...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200407000-00004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data were obtained from the literature for gonad and body weights and for the Pu or Ce content of the gonads and body at death for several laboratory animal species, five human Pu injection cases, and 731 human adults exposed environmentally to Pu in fallout. Data for Pu concentration in gonads, liver, and bone sample...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907001-00012
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the aim of developing genetic tests for elevated and reduced radiation sensitivity, the authors studied the correlations between various genotypes and frequencies of spontaneous and radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. Cytogenetic analysis and genotyping (19 sites of detoxification and D...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182231a9d
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pantex Plant significantly revised its Radiological Control Manual to improve its usability, streamline plant procedures, and clarify conflicting guidance. This article overviews the process used to develop the new Radiological Control Manual. ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200202001-00007
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanic workers are exposed to exhaust fumes when controlling vehicle engines in motion inside repair shops. To assess radiation doses due to radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of exhaust fumes by mechanic workers, concentrations of these radionuclides were measured in petrol (gasoline) and gas-oil exhaust...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000285
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The movement through the environment and the toxicity to plants of 99Tc have been studied. However, information is scanty on 99Tc toxicity to mammals even though this is the decisive criterion for assessing the consequences of releases of Tc. A critical tissue could be the thyroid because of its preferential accumulat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198908000-00014
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Internationally, the upper limit of acceptable individualized risk from occupational exposure for nuclear industry workers is determined by the death probability 10(-3) y(-1). The same risk value of 10(-3) y(-1) is established by the radiation safety standards currently in force in Russia. The United Nations Scientifi...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000346702.02932.7d
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00