Abstract：
:The use of x-ray generators for diagnostic radiology in the medical sector in Cameroon, Central Africa, is wide spread and on the increase in recent times. Regulatory control of x-ray machines used in medical sector has been achieved in the Littoral Region of Cameroon by means of notification and authorization systems, routine inspections, and enforcement programs. Quality control of x-ray equipment is performed to test the components of the radiological system and verify that the equipment is operating satisfactorily before issuance of the authorization with a validity of two years. The Licensee has the responsibility to conduct internal QC of their own x-ray equipment to insure their safe use and quality care to patients. After a 2-y period, the authorization shall be renewed and a new quality control is carried out. Because Cameroon is a developing country, second hand x-ray machines are imported and radiation exposure control is required to ensure protection of workers, patients, and the public by measuring physical parameters of the x-ray generators and imaging devices at the time of commissioning. Forty-five x-ray machines located in the Littoral Region of Cameroon are considered. The authorization/registration program is implemented in the whole country, but the considered x-ray machines were identified because of the high number of medical examinations due to patients and workers to whom the annual routine medical examinations are required by their employers. Is appears by the present study that around 45% of x-ray machines are inappropriate for diagnostic radiology. Based on their state of operation, enforcement measures are taken to maintain them or to prohibit their use. Appropriate training of staff under ionizing radiation is part of the effort to develop the necessary awareness about safety culture. The acquired knowledge and skills ensure the required protection and safety at workplaces.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Beyala Ateba JF,Simo A,Moyo Ndontchueng M,Sabouang JFdoi
10.1097/HP.0000000000000713subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-11-01 00:00:00pages
414-418issue
5eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159pii
00004032-201711000-00012journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract：:Depleted uranium was first used on a large scale as a major component of munitions and armaments employed by the U.S. armed forces during the Gulf War in 1991. In response to concern that exposure to depleted uranium may have been a cause of health problems suffered by returning veterans of that war, an already existi...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200103000-00010
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The threat of radiation exposure from warfare or radiation accidents raises the need for appropriate animal models to study the acute and chronic effects of high dose rate radiation exposure. The goal of this study was to assess the late development of fibrosis in multiple organs (kidney, heart, and lung) in survivors...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000000357
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The majority of patients with late stage castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) develop bone metastases that often result in significant bone pain. Therapeutic palliation strategies can delay or prevent skeletal complications and may prolong survival. An alpha-particle based therapy, radium-223 dichloride (²²³RaC...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e3182a82b37
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brown coal unusually rich in uranium is burnt in a coal-fired power plant that lies inside the confines of a small industrial town named Ajka, Hungary, and has been operational since 1943. The 238U (226Ra) activity discharged to the atmosphere per unit electrical energy produced was about 330-400 GBq (GW y)(-1), which...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200306000-00003
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of the UK Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Directorate of Fisheries Research (MAFF/DFR) post-Chernobyl monitoring program, a detailed study was carried out of the change over time in dissolved-phase 137Cs concentrations in a number of lakes in Cumbria, UK. These measurements have been combined with p...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199706000-00007
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ionizing radiation is a known and well-quantified human cancer risk factor, based on a remarkably consistent body of information from epidemiological studies of exposed populations. Typical examples of risk estimation include use of Japanese atomic bomb survivor data to estimate future risk from radiation-related canc...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e3181b1871b
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In nuclear accident consequence assessment, dose contributions from radionuclide deposition on the human body have in the past generally been either ignored or estimated on the basis of rather simple models. Recent experimental work has improved the state of knowledge of relevant processes and parameter ranges. The re...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200202000-00007
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For many, the thought of terrorists detonating a dirty bomb--a radiological dispersal device--is frightening. However, the radiation health risks from such an occurrence are small. For most people directly involved, the exposure would have an estimated lifetime health risk that is comparable to the health risk from sm...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200402001-00013
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a long-term animal study, the combined and separate effects of Thorotrast (colloidal 232ThO2) and silica dust on the induction of lung tumors were investigated. Female Wistar rats were exposed for 29 d to aerosol concentrations of quartz of either 6 mg m-3, 30 mg m-3, or 0 mg m-3 (6 h d-1, 5 d wk-1). After inhalati...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199207000-00011
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A significant portion of the cost for D&D is related to low-level waste disposal, decontamination, and final radiological survey. For that reason, a careful cost-benefit analysis must be performed weighing the cost of decontaminating and radiologically surveying the building media for release against the cost of dispo...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The "radon emanation" method of analysis for Rn and Ra in natural waters has been used by scientists for more than 30 years. We have examined the use of a new plastic bottle design as a viable option and improvement to traditional glass designs. The advantages of the new design over that used previously in our laborat...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the study is to characterize the risk of tumors from radiation exposure to the head and neck. A cohort of 2,224 children given x-ray treatment and 1,380 given only topical medications for ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) during 1940-1959 have been followed up for a median of 39 y to determine tum...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200310000-00003
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radionuclide contents of conventional natural raw building materials, coal ash and slag, and finished building products have been determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. Results of brick measurements in their original geometry and in crushed form are compared. The radioactive concentrations in cement and sand, mo...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-198909000-00004
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiation exposure of the biota in the shoreline area of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Pond was assessed to evaluate radiological consequences from the decommissioning of the Cooling Pond. This paper addresses studies of radioactive contamination of the terrestrial faunal complex and radionuclide concentra...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e3182242e02
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduction of dose to exposed personnel during positron emission tomography (PET) installation usually relies on physical shielding. While the major contribution of shielding is unquestioned, it is usually the only method applied. Other methods of reduction, such as working procedure optimization, the position of the f...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000000178
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An attempt was made to test the hypothesis (McLeod et al. 1987; Smith et al. 1987) that a certain combination of direct current and alternating current magnetic field exposures at room temperature results in an increase in motility of a marine diatom (Amphora coffeaeformis) to a maximum value. Diatom motility increase...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199403000-00011
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple approximation for estimating the centerline gamma absorbed dose rates due to a continuous Gaussian plume was developed. To simplify the integration of the dose integral, this approach makes use of the Gaussian cloud concentration distribution. The solution is expressed in terms of the I1 and I2 integrals whic...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-198708000-00004
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies performed decades ago in the canine and nonhuman primate established the dose response relationships for the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome in response to mixed neutron/gamma, x-radiation, and Co gamma radiation. There were no published studies that determined the dose response relationships for the ga...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000001215
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-order decay equations are often difficult to study without significant care taken with variables and assumptions. As parent and progeny activities evolve over time, the effects of uncertainties and approximations confound the quality and interpretation of results. Of particular concern is the situation when decay...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000000926
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acute and chronic effects of radiation on children have been and will continue to be of great social, public health, scientific, and clinical importance. The focus of interest on ionizing radiation and children has been clear for over half a century and ranges from the effects of fallout from nuclear weapons testi...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type：
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e31829c3548
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Human Monitoring Laboratory (HML) has had a number of BOMAB phantoms built over the years. Upon characterization, it has been found that the dimensions of the phantoms are always slightly different. This study has looked at the effect of these small variances in dimensions of the phantoms and compared the results ...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.HP.0000305820.67206.31
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For efficiently measuring ultraviolet transmission through clothing materials for a large number of samples, an automated measuring system with a broad-band method has been built and calibrated against a spectroradiometer based instrument. The apparatus can be used to test 60 samples in 25 min. A selection of clothing...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199702000-00008
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurements of the gross beta activity of snow samples from four Alpine glaciers contaminated by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident and a gamma-spectrum analysis of selected samples are reported. The results are discussed with respect to possible risks to the population from using meltwater from ...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-198901000-00002
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The world's first atomic bomb was tested in New Mexico on 16 July 1945. From 1999 through 2008, scientists working for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention gathered information relevant to past releases from Los Alamos activities, including the Trinity test. Detonation on a 30.5 m tower enhanced radioactive ...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e3181c18168
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A nationwide radon survey was conducted to provide data on the annual average indoor radon concentration in Korean homes. This survey also provided data on the variation of radon concentration with season, house type, and building age. The arithmetic mean (AM) of annual radon concentration in Korean homes was 53.4 +/-...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200303000-00008
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radon-222 concentrations in the air of 12 tourist caves in Slovenia, Yugoslavia were measured. In almost all the caves concentrations are higher than in the outdoor air, with the highest concentration in the Tabor Cave at about 6000 Bq m-3. From the 222Rn concentrations obtained, the activity of 222Rn inhaled by a vis...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantification of the biologically relevant dose is required for the establishment of cause-and-effect between radiation detriment or burden and important biological outcomes. Most epidemiological studies of unanticipated radiation exposure fail to establish cause and effect because of an inability to construct a vali...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199703000-00006
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The University of Cincinnati has reproduced the original formulation for the Livermore Thoracic Phantom lungs using contemporary materials and has adopted the linear attenuation coefficient as the primary quality assurance parameter for evaluating the performance capabilities of these new lung phantoms. The Livermore ...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199407000-00005
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ionizing radiation is a known, well-documented, and reasonably well-quantified human cancer risk factor based on a remarkably consistent body of dose-response information from epidemiological studies of exposed populations supported by experimental studies using animal and cellular models. This fact is largely ascriba...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type：
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e318227e822
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an effort to reveal the possible underlying causes of radiation-related health care complaints in the State of Texas, complaint data were evaluated using historical Texas Department of Health-Bureau of Radiation Control (TDH-BRC) reports. A major aim of the study was to generate a summary of the most commonly repor...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.HP.0000202231.88465.6a
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
