Abstract：
:In the previous three reports in this series we demonstrated that the EF-hand family of proteins evolved by a complex pattern of gene duplication, transposition, and splicing. The dendrograms based on exon sequences are nearly identical to those based on protein sequences for troponin C, the essential light chain myosin, the regulatory light chain, and calpain. This validates both the computational methods and the dendrograms for these subfamilies. The proposal of congruence for calmodulin, troponin C, essential light chain, and regulatory light chain was confirmed. There are, however, significant differences in the calmodulin dendrograms computed from DNA and from protein sequences. In this study we find that introns are distributed throughout the EF-hand domain and the interdomain regions. Further, dendrograms based on intron type and distribution bear little resemblance to those based on protein or on DNA sequences. We conclude that introns are inserted, and probably deleted, with relatively high frequency. Further, in the EF-hand family exons do not correspond to structural domains and exon shuffling played little if any role in the evolution of this widely distributed homolog family. Calmodulin has had a turbulent evolution. Its dendrograms based on protein sequence, exon sequence, 3'-tail sequence, intron sequences, and intron positions all show significant differences.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Kretsinger RH,Nakayama Sdoi
10.1007/BF02406723subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-05-01 00:00:00pages
477-88issue
5eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The incomplete correlation between the organismal complexities and the number of genes among eukaryotic organisms can be partially explained by multiple protein products of a gene created by alternative splicing. One type of alternative splicing involves alternative selection of mutually exclusive exons and creates pr...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-0291-5
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pax genes encode transcription factors critical for metazoan development. Large-scale gene duplication with subsequent gene losses during vertebrate evolution has resulted in two human genes for each of the Pax1/9, Pax3/7, and Pax4/6 subfamilies and three for the Pax2/5/8 subfamily, compared to one each in the cephalo...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9113-5
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytochrome proteins perform a broad spectrum of biological functions ranging from oxidative metabolism to electron transport and are thus essential to all organisms. The b-type cytochrome proteins bind heme noncovalently, are expressed in many different forms and are localized to various cellular compartments. We repo...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00160314
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian defensin molecule is a short, highly cationic peptide cytotoxic to both microbial and mammalian cells which is cleaved from a precursor including a signal peptide and a highly anionic propiece. A phylogenetic analysis of 28 complete sequences from five mammalian species (mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006191
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of ligand specificity underlies many important problems in biology, from the appearance of drug resistant pathogens to the re-engineering of substrate specificity in enzymes. In studying biomolecules, however, the contributions of macromolecular sequence to binding specificity can be obscured by other se...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-003-2481-y
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolutionary relationships of four eukaryotic kingdoms--Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista--remain unclear. In particular, statistical support for the closeness of animals to fungi rather than to plants is lacking, and a preferred branching order of these and other eukaryotic lineages is still controversial ev...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02198844
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:L1 elements are retrotransposons that have been replicating and evolving in mammalian genomes since before the mammalian radiation. Rattus norvegicus shares the young L1mlvi2 clade only with its sister taxon, Rattus cf moluccarius. Here we compared the L1mlvi2 clade in these recently diverged species and found that it...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006246
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since their discovery in Metazoa, the three nuclear RNA polymerases (RNAPs) have been found in fungi, plants, and diverse protists. In all eukaryotes studied to date, RNAPs I, II, and III collectively transcribe all major RNAs made in the nucleus. We have found genes for the largest subunit (RPD1/RPE1) of a new DNA-de...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-006-0093-z
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cot and chemical analysis show that the haploid genome size of Thermobia domestica is 3-4x10(9) nucleotide pairs. Of this DNA 33% is single copy sequences and 67% is repetitive sequences. The repetitive sequences are predominantly 300 nucleotides in length and are interspersed among the single copy sequences in a shor...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01733135
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparisons of the sequence divergence of three species of Hawaiian Drosophila have been made by hybridization of single-copy tracer DNA of each of the species with driver DNA from each species, and measurement of the average melting temperature (Tma) in a chaotropic solvent (2.4 M tetraethylammonium chloride) which m...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01734358
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RNA has a myriad of biological roles in contemporary life. We use the RNA paradigm for genotype-phenotype mappings to study the evolution of multiple coding in dependence to mutation rates. We study three different one-to-many genotype-phenotype mappings which have the potential to encode the information for multiple ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-014-9648-6
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The stability of helical structures formed by polyuridylic acid with nucleosides and nucleotides derived from adenosine is not significantly affected by replacing hydroxyl groups by hydrogen, amino, or azido functions. Stability is affected by the position of the phosphate group. ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01738882
更新日期：1976-06-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Characterization of sequences homologous to the Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element was carried out in Drosophila subobscura (gypsyDS). They were found to be widely distributed among natural populations of this species. From Southern blot and in situ analyses, these sequences appear to be mobile in this...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00166248
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heterokonts are evolutionarily important as the most nutritionally diverse eukaryote supergroup and the most species-rich branch of the eukaryotic kingdom Chromista. Ancestrally photosynthetic/phagotrophic algae (mixotrophs), they include several ecologically important purely heterotrophic lineages, all grossly unders...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-0353-8
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Algae are a heterogeneous group of photosynthetic eukaryotes traditionally separated into three major subdivisions: rhodophytes, chlorophytes, and chromophytes. The evolutionary origin of rhodophytes or red algae and their links to other photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes have been a matter of much contro...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00163149
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-007-9026-8
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RNA polymerase III promoter is located within the coding region in all eukaryotic tRNA genes, whereas in prokaryotic tRNA genes, the promoter is located upstream of the transcription initiation site. We analyzed the nucleotide sequence context of the A and B boxes of RNA polymerase III promoters from different unicell...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-003-2504-8
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombination has been suggested to be an important factor for the genetic variation of bacterial genes, but few studies have dealt with intragenic recombination between the same or closely related species of cyanobacteria. Here we provide strong evidence for recombination in the microcystin synthetase (mcy) gene clus...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-2583-1
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA sequences representing approximately 40% of the large-subunit rRNA gene from the lower dipteran Chironomus thummi were analyzed. Once aligned with their Drosophila counterparts, sequence and base content comparisons were carried out. Sequence identity was found to be high overall, except for six regions that displ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00173183
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From the cloned mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) isolated from two bisexual species, one Mediterranean, Artemia salina, and one American, Artemia franciscana, and two parthenogenetic (diploid and tetraploid) strains of Artemia parthenogenetica collected in Spain, physical maps have been constructed and compared. They are e...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00166162
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Collagen is an important structural protein and the most abundant protein in mammals. In several research fields, structural analysis of collagens is performed. Fibrillar collagens almost entirely consist of continuous repeats of GXY, where G is glycine, X is often proline or alanine and Y is often hydroxyproline or a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-018-9844-x
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-011-9441-8
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-001-0087-9
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the origin(s) of life on Earth remains an open question, detailed characteristics about the "last universal ancestor" (LUA) continue to be obscured. Here we provide arguments that strengthen the bacterial-like nature of the LUA. Our view attempts to recreate the evolution of archaeal lipids, the major components of...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-006-0141-8
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phylogenetic relationships of nematodes, nematomorphs, kinorhynchs, priapulids, and some other major groups of invertebrates were studied by 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Kinorhynchs and priapulids form the monophyletic Cephalorhyncha clade that is the closest to the coelomate animals. When phylogenetic trees were generat...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006416
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compared with the X chromosome, the mammalian Y chromosome is considerably diminished in size and has lost most of its ancestral genes during evolution. Interestingly, for the X-degenerate region on the Y chromosome, human has retained all 16 genes, while chimpanzee has lost 4 of the 16 genes since the divergence of t...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9189-y
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seven new Italian and two new British HTLV-II isolates were obtained from injecting drug users and the entire long terminal repeat (LTR) region was sequenced. Restriction analysis showed that all the Italian isolates are of the IIb subtype, whereas the British isolates are of the IIa subtype. To understand whether the...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006340
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) were subjected to dehydration-hydration cycles in the presence of 6-carboxyfluorescein or salmon sperm DNA. We found that the vesicles fused into multilamellar structures during dehydration with solutes trapped between the lamellae. Upon rehydration the lamellae swelled and formed lar...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01733047
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene duplication by retrotransposition duplicates only the coding and untranslated regions of a gene and, thus, biases retroduplicated genes toward having different expression patterns from their parental genes. As such, genes duplicated by retrotransposition are more likely to develop novel expression domains. To exp...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9098-0
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work detailed statistics on ancestral gene duplication and gene conservation in completely sequenced cellular genomes are presented. Analysis of open reading frame (ORF) products having simultaneous matches in several distinct organisms showed a significant correlation between duplication and conservation. Sys...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006580
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
