Abstract:
:Shigella flexneri 2a is an invasive enteric pathogen that may produce diarrhea when ingested by human beings and subhuman primates. We have previously shown that shigella diarrhea correlates with water and electrolyte transport abnormalities in the jejunum and colon. Dysentery alone is associated only with colonic transport abnormalities. To define the relationship between invasion and inflammation of the colon and the occurrence of jejunal transport abnormalities, we studied water and electrolyte transport, histology, and bacteriology in rhesus monkeys that were infected by introducing S. flexneri 2a directly into the cecum. In contrast to the pattern of disease seen after oral administration, cecal inoculation resulted in clinical disease in 64% of animals, of which 94% manifested dysentery alone, rarely preceded by mild diarrhea. Histologically, invasion and inflammation was limited to the colon. Secretion of water and sodium occurred in the colon of infected monkeys when compared with controls, whereas transport was normal in the jejunum and ileum. These data further demonstrate that severe dysentery can result from cecal injection of shigellae, but also suggest that the occurrence of watery diarrhea requires and may result from an undefined interaction between the jejunal mucosa and the organisms during transit through the small intestine.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Kinsey MD,Formal SB,Dammin GJ,Giannella RAdoi
10.1128/IAI.14.2.368-371.1976subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-08-01 00:00:00pages
368-71issue
2eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Neisseria meningitidis is a human-specific pathogen and leading cause of meningitis and septicemia. Factor H binding protein (fHbp), a virulence factor which protects N. meningitidis from innate immunity by binding the human complement regulator factor H (fH) with high affinity, is also a key antigen in vaccines being...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01183-13
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hamster immunization challenge assay described in the accompanying paper (M. F. Barile, D. K. F. Chandler, H. Yoshida, M. W. Grabowski, R. Harasawa, and S. Razin, Infect. Immun. 56:2443-2449, 1988) was used to examine protection against Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease by passive immunization and to evaluate the protec...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.9.2450-2457.1988
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Female LSH hamsters infected with Treponema pallidum subsp, endemicum before pregnancy or during early pregnancy transmit a form of syphilis to the fetus that is similar to human congenital syphilis. The offspring develops rhinitis, skin rash, failure to thrive, and hepatosplenomegaly. T. pallidum is detectable in the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.8.3559-3561.1993
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three groups of cattle, each group comprising six animals, were inoculated intravenously with populations of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma vivax. The first group received T. vivax clone ILDat 1.3 derived from an isolate from Nigeria, while the other two received T. vivax stocks IL 1875 or IL 2133 isolated from Coas...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.54.2.444-447.1986
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An effective vaccine for Vibrio cholerae is not yet available for use in the developing world, where the burden of cholera disease is highest. Characterizing the proteins that are expressed by V. cholerae in the human host environment may provide insight into the pathogenesis of cholera and assist with the development...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00585-08
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adherence of 58 nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates obtained from patients with otitis media or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obtained from the throats of healthy individuals to Chang and NCI-H292 epithelial cells was compared. Otitis media isolates, but not COPD isolates, adhered signif...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.8.4658-4665.2000
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is caused by a tick-borne obligate intracellular pathogen of the order Rickettsiales. HME disease can range from mild to a fatal, toxic shock-like syndrome, yet the mechanisms regulating pathogenesis are not well understood. We define a central role for type I interferons (alpha inte...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01564-13
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that probiotics are beneficial in T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. The molecular mechanism by which probiotics work remains elusive, but accumulating evidence indicates that probiotics can modulate immune cell responses. Since T cells express receptors for bacterial products or componen...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01172-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that is particularly prominent in exocrine secretions and leukocytes and is also found in serum, especially during inflammation. It is able to sequester iron from microbes and has immunomodulatory functions, including inhibition of both complement activation and cytoki...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.5.3372-3381.2001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi reduces the expression of outer surface protein C (OspC) in response to the development of an anti-OspC humoral response, leading to the hypothesis that the ability to repress OspC expression is critical for the pathogen to proceed to chronic infection. B. burgdorferi w...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00713-06
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that resides in the cytoplasm of its host in a unique membrane-bound vacuole known as the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The membrane surrounding the parasite is remodeled by the dense granules, secretory organelles that release an array of proteins into the vacuo...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00782-08
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlamydia trachomatis L2 is an obligate intracellular microorganism with a unique biphasic life cycle. The extracellular form, the elementary body (EB), is infectious but metabolically inactive. Attachment of EBs to host cells is medicated by a heparan sulfate-like glycosaminoglycan. Following attachment, the EB is in...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.11.4900-4908.1994
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae can use porcine transferrin as the sole source of iron. Two proteins with molecular masses of approximately 60 kDa (TfbA) and 110 kDa have been shown to specifically bind porcine transferrin; from the TfbA protein, three isoforms from A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 5, and 7 have been ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.10.3846-3850.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of mononuclear cells from the mouse peritoneal cavity to interferon (IF)-containing mouse sera enhanced phagocytosis of colloidal carbon particles by the cells. The same effect was observed when the cells were exposed to IF-containing cell culture harvest free of serum. The magnitude of this effect of IF-cont...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.4.5.581-588.1971
更新日期:1971-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using polystyrene microspheres coated with heparin or heparan sulfate, it was shown that coated microspheres specifically bound eukaryotic cells and were endocytosed by nonprofessional phagocytic cells. Coated microspheres displayed properties of binding to eukaryotic cells that were similar to those of chlamydiae, an...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.3.1080-1085.2000
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The stimulation of mononuclear phagocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is facilitated by the binding of complexes of LPS and LPS-binding protein to CD14. Although it is clear that CD14 is involved in LPS-induced signaling, other investigators have hypothesized the existence of additional signaling pathways in macrophag...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.10.4452-4461.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus can produce a wide variety of exotoxins, including toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), staphylococcal enterotoxins, and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins. These toxins share superantigenic activity. To investigate the beta chain (Vbeta) specificities of each of these toxins, TSST-1 and al...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01388-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligatory intracellular bacterium of monocytes or macrophages, is the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Our previous study showed that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) added prior to or at early stage of infection inhibited infection of human monocytes with E. chaffeensis; however...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.6.2514-2520.1998
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several trivalent cations, including lanthanum (La3+), inhibited the secretion (enterosorption) induced by the enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in the rabbit ileum in vivo. High concentrations (greater than 10 mM) of La3+ were required to inhibit cholera enterotoxin (CE)-induced enterosorption, pro...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.11.5.1038-1044.1975
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the autotransporter (AT) moniker, AT secretion appears to involve the function of periplasmic chaperones. We identified four periplasmic proteins that specifically bound to plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet), an AT produced by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC). These proteins include the 17-kDa Skp chaperone ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00167-12
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 95-kDa protein was isolated from Staphylococcus saprophyticus 7108 grown on dialysis membranes placed on the surface of brain heart infusion agar. Strain CCM883 did not produce this protein. Ultrathin sections revealed the presence of very thin, tuftlike, 50- to 75-nm-long structures on the surface of strain 7108, w...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.3.1055-1060.1992
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of mice suggest that pneumococcal proteins, including PspA, pneumolysin, PsaA, and CbpA, are promising vaccine candidates. To determine whether these proteins are good mucosal immunogens in humans, adenoidal lymphocytes from 20 children who had adenoidectomies were isolated and tested by ELISpot for antigen-sp...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.10.5363-5369.2002
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in controlling several aspects of immune responses, including the activation and differentiation of specific T cell subsets and antigen-presenting cells, thought to be relevant in the context of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infec...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00575-16
更新日期:2016-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent upon the generation of a protective gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing T-cell response. Recent studies have suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is required for the induction of a protective T-cell response and that IL-4 may suppress the induction of IFN-gamma. To...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.6.3322-3326.2000
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polysaccharide antigen preparations from serotype a and serotype d strains of Streptococcus mutans contained both a serotype-specific antigenic determinant and a common a-d antigenic determinant, as demonstrated by agar gel diffusion studies and a quantitative cross-precipitin assay. The chromatographically purifi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.12.4.791-798.1975
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterium Neisseria meningitidis is the causative agent of meningitis and sepsis. A generally effective vaccine against N. meningitidis serogroup B is not yet available, but outer membrane vesicle vaccines are in development. These vaccines contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The inclusion of N. meningitidis wild-ty...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00846-07
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Curli are thin, coiled fibers expressed on the surface of Escherichia coli that bind several matrix and plasma proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator, and H-kininogen. In this work, we examined the interactions between curli-expressing E. coli and human major histocompatibilit...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.3.944-949.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the role of CD4+ T cells in host defense against cholera enterotoxin-induced diarrhea. Antitoxin immunoglobulin A formation and gut protection against cholera toxin (CT) following oral immunizations with CT were evaluated in normal mice and mice that had been depleted of CD4+ T cells by in vivo...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.59.10.3630-3638.1991
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is produced in response to circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and contributes to the lethality of endotoxic shock. To address the cellular source of IFN-gamma production in vivo, T cells and B cells were magnetically purified from C57BL/6 mouse spleens 5 h following endotoxin injection. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.10.4244-4249.1994
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcus neoformans is surrounded by a capsular polysaccharide. There are at least four known serotypes of the polysaccharide. The objective of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that could be used to study the distribution of epitopes among the serotypes of C. neoformans. BALB/c mice were immu...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.8.1895-1899.1987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00