Abstract:
:When mouse spleen cells were stimulated with irradiated xenogeneic, allogeneic, or trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic lymphoid cells, the strongest cytolytic response was induced by alloantigens. Mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes generated to rat lymphoid cells demonstrated specificity for the immunizing rat strain, but extensive lysis of allogeneic target cells from certain mouse strains was also observed. Cold target inhibition studies indicated that separate clones of xenoantigen-induced cytolytic T lymphocytes lysed each of the allogeneic murine targets. [3H]Thymidine suicide of the effector cells generated to the rat stimulators revealed that only some of all potentially reactive mouse cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors with specificity for a given allogeneic target are activated by the stimulation with rat cells. This evidence that xenoantigens induce alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocyte receptor repertoire is directed at variants of autologous major histocompatibility complex antigens.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Burakoff SJ,Ratnofsky SE,Benacerraf Bdoi
10.1073/pnas.74.10.4572subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-10-01 00:00:00pages
4572-6issue
10eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Telomeres are specialized structures located at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes that ensure their complete replication and protect them from fusion and degradation. We report here the characterization of the telomeres of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that the chromosomes terminate in 4-9 kb of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.17.8983
更新日期:1996-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::One of the core features of human speech is that words cause listeners to retrieve corresponding visual mental images. However, whether vocalizations similarly evoke mental images in animal communication systems is surprisingly unknown. Japanese tits (Parus minor) produce specific alarm calls when and only when encoun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1718884115
更新日期:2018-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) are present in many eukaryotic genomes and are linked to genome instabilities and disease in humans. The mechanisms responsible for ITS-mediated genome instability are not understood in molecular detail. Here, we use a model Saccharomyces cerevisiae system to characterize genome...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1319313110
更新日期:2013-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Excited states of proteins may play important roles in function, yet are difficult to study spectroscopically because of their sparse population. High hydrostatic pressure increases the equilibrium population of excited states, enabling their characterization [Akasaka K (2003) Biochemistry 42:10875-85]. High-pressure ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1320124110
更新日期:2013-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferases (OMTs) catalyze the methylation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives for the synthesis of methylated plant polyphenolics, including lignin. The distinction in the extent of methylation of lignins in angiosperms and gymnosperms, mediated by substrate-specific ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5461
更新日期:1997-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::We have purified a protein from Necturus maculosus gallbladder cells that forms chloride channels in an artificial membrane. The same protein apparently can form channels that are highly selective for chloride but can have conductances varying from 9 to about 150 pS. The high-conductance channels are blocked by the mo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5691
更新日期:1993-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a sirtuin family deacetylase that directs acetylome signaling, protects genome integrity, and is a murine tumor suppressor. We show that SIRT2 directs replication stress responses by regulating the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), a protein required for recovery from replication arres...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1301463110
更新日期:2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies provide an attractive alternative to small-molecule therapies for a wide range of diseases. Given the importance of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as pharmaceutical targets, there has been an immense interest in developing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that act on GPCRs. Here we present ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1700891114
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host cell binding is an essential step in colonization by many bacterial pathogens, and the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, which colonizes multiple tissues, is capable of attachment to diverse cell types. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are ubiquitously expressed on mammalian cells and are recognized by multiple ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1231043100
更新日期:2003-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::The hetR gene plays a very important role in cell differentiation of heterocystous cyanobacteria. To understand the mechanism of the hetR gene product in regulation of heterocyst differentiation, the recombinant HetR protein (rHetR) was overproduced in Escherichia coli. Purified rHetR was unstable and degraded easily ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.4959
更新日期:1998-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in normal adrenocortical cells of adult rats in culture, with a concomitant increase in corticosterone production and a characteristic retraction of cells. Both dibutyryl cyclic AMP and an analog of ACTH, which produces virtually no cyclic AMP, i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.1.113
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Barth, Larsen, and others showed that complex submanifolds of complex projective space, CP(N), of small codimension strongly resemble CP(N) both homotopically and cohomologically. These results are generalized to yield analogous results for complex subspaces of arbitrary homogeneous complex manifolds. One very special...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1332
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A vaccine capable of stimulating protective antiviral antibody responses is needed to curtail the global AIDS epidemic caused by HIV-1. Although rarely elicited during the course of natural infection or upon conventional vaccination, the membrane-proximal ectodomain region (MPER) of the HIV-1 glycoprotein of M(r) 41,0...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901474106
更新日期:2009-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::Human cells that suffer mild DNA damage can enter a reversible state of growth arrest known as quiescence. This decision to temporarily exit the cell cycle is essential to prevent the propagation of mutations, and most cancer cells harbor defects in the underlying control system. Here we present a mechanistic mathemat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1715345115
更新日期:2018-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::d-amino acids are present in some peptides from amphibian skin. These residues are derived from the corresponding L-amino acids present in the respective precursors. From skin secretions of Bombinae, we have isolated an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of an L-Ile in position 2 of a model peptide to D-allo-Ile....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500789102
更新日期:2005-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Four new members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, referred to as fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs), have been identified by a combination of random cDNA sequencing, data base searches, and degenerate PCR. Pairwise comparisons between the four FHFs show between 58% and 71% amino acid seque...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.18.9850
更新日期:1996-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Neural crest stem cells arise within the central nervous system but then undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to migrate away and contribute to the peripheral nervous system and craniofacial skeleton. Here we show that DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) is responsible for the loss of competence of dorsal neu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1318408111
更新日期:2014-12-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Trimeric class I virus fusion proteins undergo a series of conformational rearrangements that leads to the association of C- and N-terminal heptad repeat domains in a "trimer-of-hairpins" structure, facilitating the apposition of viral and cellular membranes during fusion. This final fusion hairpin structure is sustai...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2004-10-19 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.0808903105
更新日期:2008-11-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5478
更新日期:1996-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in Pink1, a gene encoding a Ser/Thr kinase with a mitochondrial-targeting signal, are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. The mechanism by which loss of Pink1 leads to neurodegeneration is not understood. Here we...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602493103
更新日期:2006-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Networks are widely used in the biological, physical, and social sciences as a concise mathematical representation of the topology of systems of interacting components. Understanding the structure of these networks is one of the outstanding challenges in the study of complex systems. Here we describe a general techniq...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0610537104
更新日期:2007-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Psychostimulant use is an ever-increasing socioeconomic burden, including a dramatic rise during pregnancy. Nevertheless, brain-wide effects of psychostimulant exposure are incompletely understood. Here, we performed Fos-CreERT2-based activity mapping, correlated for pregnant mouse dams and their fetuses with amphetam...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1904006116
更新日期:2019-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Although infection by primary HIV type 1 (HIV-1) isolates normally requires the functional interaction of the viral envelope protein with both CD4 and the CCR-5 coreceptor, a subset of such isolates also are able to use the distinct CCR-3 receptor. By analyzing the ability of a series of wild-type and chimeric HIV-1 e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7682
更新日期:1998-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::It has been a widely accepted hypothesis that the molecular clock slows down during evolution of higher primates. By molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence comparison of a rhesus macaque alpha-globin gene to its homologs in man, orangutan, olive baboon, and other mammals, we demonstrate a burst of evolution of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.4.1312
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::White matter stroke is a distinct stroke subtype, accounting for up to 25% of stroke and constituting the second leading cause of dementia. The biology of possible tissue repair after white matter stroke has not been determined. In a mouse stroke model, white matter ischemia causes focal damage and adjacent areas of a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1615322113
更新日期:2016-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::We have utilized a recombinant vector system designed to study gene control elements by fusing them to the Escherichia coli galactokinase gene (galK) to examine the effects of gene expression that result from introducing changes into the 5' noncoding leader region of the galK transcription unit. We varied the length o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.24.7698
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Absorbance changes of C-550 and cytochrome b(559), and fluorescence-yield changes were measured during irradiation of chloroplasts at -196 degrees . The photo-reduction of C-550 proceeded more rapidly than the photo-oxidation of cytochrome b(559), and the fluorescence-yield change had similar kinetics to the cytochrom...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.11.3420
更新日期:1972-11-01 00:00:00