Abstract:
:The synthetic polypeptide antigen poly(LTyr, LGlu)-poly(DLAl)- -poly(LLys)[T,G)-A- -L] was covalently linked to N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), which is the minimal adjuvant-active structure that can substitute for Mycobacteria in complete Freund's adjuvant. When injected in aqueous solution into mice, the completely synthetic conjugate elicited significant antibody responses specific to (T,G)-A- -L, whereas (T,G,)-A- -L alone administered under the same conditions did not lead to antibody production. The conjugate was much more efficient in eliciting (T,G)-A- -L responses than was a mixture of DMP and (T,G)-A- -L. One hundred micrograms of MDP mixed with 10 micrograms of (T,G)-A- -L resulted in production of (T,g)-A- -L-specific antibodies. However, the titers obtained were much lower than those observed with 10 micrograms of the conjugate, MDP-(T,G)-A- -L, which contained less than 1 microgram of MDP. MDP was enhanced when the mixture was administered in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, the adjuvant did not significantly affect the (T,G)-A- -L-specific antibody responses in mice immunized with MDP-(T,G)-A- -L. The isoelectric focusing pattern of antibodies obtained with MDP-(T,G)-A- -L was similar to that obtained after immunization with (T,G)-A- -L in complete Freund's adjuvant. The pattern of high-responder and low-responder mice to (T,G)-A- -L, the immune response to which is genetically controlled, was retained when MDP-(T,G)-A- -L was used as the immunogen. Conjugation of (T,G)-A- -L was creased the immunogenicity of MDP and affected its biological properties. It is thus possible to obtain efficient immune responses to synthetic polypeptide antigens that produce poor reactions when injected in aqueous solution by conjugating them to small molecular weight synthetic adjuvants.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Mozes E,Sela M,Chedid Ldoi
10.1073/pnas.77.8.4933subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-08-01 00:00:00pages
4933-7issue
8eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Refinement of neural circuits in the mammalian cerebral cortex shapes brain function during development and in the adult. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the synapse-specific shrinkage and loss of spiny synapses when neural circuits are remodeled remain poorly defined. Here, we show that low-frequency glu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1214705110
更新日期:2013-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::We report that oxytocin (Oxt) receptors (Oxtrs), on stimulation by the ligand Oxt, translocate into the nucleus of osteoblasts, implicating this process in the action of Oxt on osteoblast maturation. Sequential immunocytochemistry of intact cells or isolated nucleoplasts stripped of the outer nuclear membrane showed p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1419349111
更新日期:2014-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Since 1930, areas of state-managed forest in the central Himalayas of India have increasingly been devolved to management by local communities. This article studies the long-run effects of the devolution on the cost of forest management and on forest conservation. Village council-management costs an order of magnitude...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0810049106
更新日期:2009-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::We have earlier proposed a molecular mechanism for the translocation of hydrophilic proteins across membranes that accounts for the experimental facts and meets the restrictions that we stipulate for such a mechanism. In particular, the restrictions are that translocation occurs by successive segments of the polypepti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.7.1960
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::For disordered proteins, the dimensions of the chain are an important property that is sensitive to environmental conditions. We have used single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer to probe the temperature-induced chain collapse of five unfolded or intrinsically disordered proteins. Because this behavior is se...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1313006111
更新日期:2014-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of adipocytes to antibodies to the insulin receptor results in a blockade of (125)I-labeled insulin binding, stimulation of glucose oxidation, and many more insulin-like effects. Allowing for differences in purity, antireceptor antibody is equipotent with insulin on a molar basis. Both the bivalent F(ab')(2) ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.9.4209
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophytochromes sense light in the near-infrared window, the spectral region where absorption by mammalian tissues is minimal, and their chromophore, biliverdin IXα, is naturally present in animal cells. These properties make bacteriophytochromes particularly attractive for optogenetic applications. However, the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1324301111
更新日期:2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL (regulation of N2 fixation genes) and the Escherichia coli glnA (glutamine synthetase) promoters. We compared these sequences with the published sequences of three other promoters that, like the nifL and glnA promoters, are activated by the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.9.2524
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arrestins are regulatory molecules for G-protein coupled receptor function. In visual rhodopsin, selective binding of arrestin to the cytoplasmic side of light-activated, phosphorylated rhodopsin (P-Rh*) terminates signaling via the G-protein transducin. While the "phosphate-sensor" of arrestin for the recognition of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1015461108
更新日期:2011-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in promoting cancer metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes and beyond and also promotes organ transplant rejection. We used human lymphatic endothelial cells to establish a reliable three-dimensional lymphangiogenic sprouting assay with automated image acquisition and analysis for...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1206036109
更新日期:2012-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Crithidia fasciculata cells were treated with a plasmid (pDK96) containing pBR322 sequences, a Leishmania tarentolae maxicircle autonomously replicating sequence, and the bacterial gene for aminoglycoside 3' phosphotransferase I inserted between the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase 1 promotor and terminator sequences. Resi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.16.6058
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecosystem restoration aims to restore biodiversity and valuable functions that have been degraded or lost. The Coral Triangle is a hotspot for marine biodiversity held in its coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and mangrove forests, all of which are in global decline. These coastal ecosystems support valuable fisheries and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1707962114
更新日期:2017-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Using an antibody highly specific for D-serine conjugated to glutaraldehyde, we have localized endogenous D-serine in rat brain. Highest levels of D-serine immunoreactivity occur in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Localizations of D-ser...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.9.3948
更新日期:1995-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::L203 and L227 are mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for human HLA-DR antigens. Their reactivity with multiple, structurally different, HLA-DR antigens was examined by using radioiodinated human lymphoblastoid cells and cell lines, heterozygous or homozygous at the HLA-D locus. Antibody L203 precipitates DR antigens...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.8.2658
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, i.e., gangliosides, constitute a major component of neuronal cells and are thought to be essential for brain function. UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase (Ugcg) catalyzes the initial step of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis. To gain insight into the role of GSLs in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500893102
更新日期:2005-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Type I interferons (IFNs) are helical cytokines that have diverse biological activities despite the fact that they appear to interact with the same receptor system. To achieve a better understanding of the structural basis for the different activities of alpha and beta IFNs, we have determined the crystal structure of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.11813
更新日期:1997-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as important cellular-signaling agents for cellular survival. Herein, we demonstrate that ROS-mediated oxidation of DNA to yield 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG) in gene promoters is a signaling agent for gene activation. Enhanced gene expression occurs when OG is formed in guan...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619809114
更新日期:2017-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::A transient transfection assay using Drosophila S2 tissue culture cells and WT and mutant Drosophila vnd/NK-2 homeobox cDNAs was used to localize repression and activation domains of vnd/NK-2 homeodomain protein. A repression domain was identified near the N terminus of vnd/NK-2 homeodomain protein (amino acid residue...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0404775101
更新日期:2004-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::The gene EPXH2 encodes for the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme involved in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal physiology containing two distinct domains connected via a proline-rich linker. The C-terminal domain containing the EH catalytic activity has been well studied. In contrast, a function for ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0437724100
更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Development of type 1 diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is preceded by an immune cell infiltrate in the pancreatic islets. The exact role of the attracted cells is still poorly understood. Chemokine CCL2/MCP-1 is known to attract CCR2(+) monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). We have previously shown that tr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1115308109
更新日期:2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Non-protein-coding RNA genes play an important role in various biological processes. How new RNA genes originated and whether this process is controlled by similar evolutionary mechanisms for the origin of protein-coding genes remains unclear. A young chimeric RNA gene that we term sphinx (spx) provides the first insi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.072066399
更新日期:2002-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::The rat brain increases >6x in mass from birth to adulthood, presumably through the addition of glial cells and increasing neuronal size, without the addition of neurons. To test this hypothesis, here we investigate quantitatively the postnatal changes in the total number of neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the deve...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804650106
更新日期:2009-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::The β-1,3-glucan chrysolaminarin is the main storage polysaccharide of diatoms. In contrast to plants and green algae, diatoms and most other algal groups do not accumulate storage polysaccharides in their plastids. The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum possesses only a single gene encoding a putative β-1,3-glucan synt...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1719274115
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms for a derived phenotype by adaptive evolution is difficult. Here, we performed a systems-level inquiry into the metabolic changes occurring in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a result of its adaptive evolution to increase its specific growth rate on galactose...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1103219108
更新日期:2011-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence for perceptual periodicity emerges from studies showing periodic fluctuations in visual perception and decision making that are accompanied by neural oscillations in brain activity. We have uncovered signs of periodicity in the time course of binocular rivalry, a widely studied form of multistable perception....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1905174116
更新日期:2019-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the evolution of the mammalian sex chromosomes, we have compared the gene content of the X chromosomes in the mammalian groups most distantly related to man (marsupials and monotremes). Previous work established that genes on the long arm of the human X chromosome are conserved on the X chromosomes in a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.24.11256
更新日期:1991-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic RNA from the human prototype strain H of the hepatitis C virus (HCV-H) has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. The HCV-H sequence reported consists of 9416 nucleotides including the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. HCV-H shows 96% amino acid identity with the American isolate HCV-1 but only 84.9% with the Ja...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.22.10292
更新日期:1991-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the IgG from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients was tested on the voltage-dependent barium currents (IBa) in mammalian dissociated Purkinje cells and in isolated P-type calcium channels in lipid bilayers. Whole cell clamp of Purkinje cells demonstrates that ALS IgG increases the amplitude of IB...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.24.11743
更新日期:1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::CD4(+) T cells producing IL-17 [T helper (Th)17], as distinct from Th1 or Th2 cells, have recently been shown to be associated with autoimmunity, but it is not entirely clear how Th17 cells are generated from naïve T cells. We demonstrate here that IL-6, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1beta, can, in combination with TGF-beta...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0705268104
更新日期:2007-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::The use of profiling by ethnicity or nationality to trigger secondary security screening is a controversial social and political issue. Overlooked is the question of whether such actuarial methods are in fact mathematically justified, even under the most idealized assumptions of completely accurate prior probabilities...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0813202106
更新日期:2009-02-10 00:00:00