Abstract：
:We propose a simple mathematical model to account for the coupling of secretion rates of bile salts, lecithin, and cholesterol into bile. The model assumes that: 1) molecules of "biliary" lecithin and cholesterol enter a functional compartment located in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte from which they are secreted into bile, and in the case of cholesterol, also catabolized to bile salts; 2) the rates at which lecithin and cholesterol enter the "secretory" compartment are regulated independently by feedback loops that control their synthesis and/or uptake; 3) lecithin secretion is coupled by an unknown transport mechanism, possibly micellar or vesicular, to the flux of bile salts passing through the compartment; 4) cholesterol secretion is coupled by a similar mechanism to lecithin secretion and not to bile salt secretion directly; and 5) bile salt synthesis is proportional to the cholesterol content of the compartment. The model predicts that in the steady state the dependences, lecithin secretion vs bile salt secretion; cholesterol secretion vs lecithin secretion; and cholesterol secretion vs bile salt secretion, will all have the form of rectangular hyperbolae. Four independent parameters related to the postulated mechanisms of biliary lipid synthesis, uptake, and transport determine the quantitative features of these hyperbolae. These four "secretion parameters" also determine how the biliary lipid composition of hepatic and "fasting" gallbladder bile varies with bile salt secretion rate. A quantitative analysis of biochemical and physiological data on biliary lipid secretion in rat, dog, and man confirms the general predictions of the model. Deductions of the secretion parameters are made for each species and are compared with other relevant data on biliary lipid metabolism. From this analysis, we offer new insights into: i) the species differences in biliary lipid secretion and bile composition; ii) the influence of obesity on biliary lipid secretion in man; and iii) the causes of cholesterol super-saturation in fasting gallbladder bile.
journal_name
J Lipid Resjournal_title
Journal of lipid researchauthors
Mazer NA,Carey MCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-09-01 00:00:00pages
932-53issue
9eissn
0022-2275issn
1539-7262journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins derived from ten normo- and hyperlipidemic apoE-2 homozygotes were analyzed for their composition, beta-VLDL content, and their ability to induce cholesteryl ester storage in macrophages. In six of these probands apoE sequence analysis revealed that the cysteine residues were at position...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholelithiasis is a multifactorial process, and several mechanisms have been postulated. A decreased expression of the ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and of the cytosolic ileal lipid binding protein (ILBP) was recently described in female non-obese patients. The role of the recently identif...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M800162-JLR200
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Supernatant protein factor (SPF) and anionic phospholipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) stimulate squalene epoxidase activity in rat liver microsomes by promoting [3H]squalene uptake as well as substrate translocation (Chin, J., and K. Bloch. 1984. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 11735-11738). This process is postulated to b...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages contain a neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase that can be activated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Immunological studies strongly suggest that hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is probably responsible for the cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity in macrophages; however, due to the very low level of express...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous in vitro studies have revealed that oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) has negative effects on the proliferation and activity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Here, we evaluated the effect of OxLDL on the therapeutic potential of EPCs in ischemia-induced neovascularization. EPCs derived from mobi...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M600251-JLR200
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutational inactivation of NPC1 largely blocks the movement of LDL-derived cholesterol from the lysosome to the metabolically active, cytosolic pool of sterol that is the substrate for steroid hormone production. Such a block might, in theory, lead to deficiencies in circulating levels of testosterone, progesterone, a...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M500534-JLR200
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various properties of retinyl ester hydrolysis in the liver and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have been studied, yet the relationship between the retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) activities in these tissues of the same species is not known. In the present study, REH activities in bovine liver and RPE microsomes we...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) is a membrane protein putatively involved in the transmembrane transport of long-chain fatty acids. We tested the hypothesis that expression of this protein in H9c2, a rat heart cell line normally not expressing FAT, would increase cellular palmitate uptake. We were able to stably tra...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human endothelial lipase (EL), a member of the triglyceride lipase gene family, has five potential N-linked glycosylation sites, two of which are conserved in both lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. Reduction in molecular mass of EL after treatment with glycosidases and after treatment of EL-expressing cells with ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M400162-JLR200
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phospholipase was isolated (in two fractions) from Vipera palestinae venom and it was shown to possess phospholipase A activity (hydrolyzing diacyl-sn-glycerophosphorylcholines, e.g., lecithin, in the 2-position) as well as lysophospholipase (phospholipase B) activity (hydrolyzing 1-monoacyl-sn-glycerophosphorylcholin...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bovine aortic endothelial cells take up 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), a lipoxygenase product formed from arachidonic acid. The uptake of [3H]12-HETE reached a maximum in 2 to 4 h. At this time, from 75 to 80% of the incorporated radioactivity was contained in phospholipids, about 85% of the esterified rad...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sphingolipid metabolites function as signaling molecules in mammalian cells, influencing cell proliferation, migration, and death. Recently, sphingolipid signaling has been implicated in the regulation of developmental processes in Drosophila melanogaster. However, biochemical analysis of endogenous Drosophila sphingo...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M300005-JLR200
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were fed a low protein diet deficient in and supplemented with lysine and threonine. Liver lipids contained more lecithin, sphingomyelin, and free fatty acids, and less amino phospholipids in the deficient rats. No variations in fatty acid composition of choline- and ethanolamine-containing phospholipids were fou...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein, has anti-atherogenic and anti-diabetic effects, but how it confers the anti-atherogenic effects is not well understood. To study the anti-atherogenic mechanisms of adiponectin, we examined whether it interacts with atherogenic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to attenuate LDL's ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.RA120000767
更新日期：2020-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Livers from fed or 24-hr fasted male rats were perfused in a recycling system. VLDL labeled with [1-14C]oleate (95% in triglyceride), produced in separate perfusions of livers from fed rats, was added to the medium as a pulse. Uptake of VLDL 14C-labeled triglyceride by livers from fasted rats was less than that from f...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is highly expressed in numerous cell types, and its impairment is associated with obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. However, the mechanisms linking LRP1 to metabolic disease are not completely understood. Here, we compared the metabolic phenotype of C57BL/6J wild typ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.RA120001141
更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with a severe pro-inflammatory response; although decreased plasma cholesterol concentration has been linked to systemic inflammation, any association of phospholipid metabolic pathways with ARDS has not been characterized. Plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC), the m...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.P085050
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphatidylcholine preparations containing saturated and unsaturated molecular species were subjected to KMnO(4)-NaIO(4) oxidation in aqueous acetic acid, which left only disaturated species intact. After the oxidation, the remaining intact phosphatidylcholine was separated by thin-layer chromatography. The procedure...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two procedures were used to isolate hepatocytic Golgi fractions from rat liver. One procedure yields a light Golgi fraction (GF1 + 2) and the other "intact" stacks of cisternae. Triglyceride fatty acids in nascent very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were labeled by injection of [3H]palmitate intravenously, and radiol...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extent to which the heart can convert alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LNA, 18:3n-3) to longer chain n-3 PUFAs is not known. Conversion rates can be measured in vivo using radiolabeled alpha-LNA and a kinetic fatty acid model. [1-(14)C]alpha-LNA was infused intravenously for 5 min in unanesthetized rats that had been f...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M800093-JLR200
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chromatographic behavior of 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,12-long-chain alkane diols and 1-O-alkylglycerols and their derivatives has been compared. Thin-layer chromatography on Silica Gel G gives poor separations of the 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-alkane diols, O-alkylglycerols, and some of their isopropylidene derivatives. Ho...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) and chylomicron retention disease (CMRD) are extremely rare recessive forms of hypobetalipoproteinemia characterized by intestinal lipid malabsorption and severe vitamin E deficiency. Vitamin E is often supplemented in the form of fat-soluble vitamin E acetate, but fat malabsorption consider...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M085043
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein farnesylation is a form of posttranslational modification that occurs in most, if not all, eukaryotic cells. Inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase (PFTIs) have been developed as anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Using the knowledge gained from the development of PFTIs for the treatment of cancer, researc...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1194/jlr.R500016-JLR200
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a mixture of isomers of linoleic acid, has previously been shown to be able to decrease porcine subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue levels while increasing the count of intramuscular (IM) adipose tissue in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms through which it acts are poorly understood...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M600525-JLR200
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid:protein complex containing dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as the major component. Recent studies indicate adsorbed surfactant films consist of a surface monolayer and a monolayer-associated reservoir. It has been hypothesized that the monolayer and its functionally contiguous re...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M200380-JLR200
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) species of cultured differentiated rat cerebellar granule cells and human fibroblasts were characterized by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. We identified 35 different species of Cer and 18 species of SM in human fibroblasts, and 35 different species of Cer and 9 spe...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M600344-JLR200
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol consumption markedly increases the hepatic output of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas it decreases the resulting low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and apolipoprotein B. As ethylation of apoB-lysine renders LDL immunogenic and accelerates their clearance, and as alcoholics develop antibodies agai...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the rate of phospholipid synthesis and turnover in mouse peritoneal macrophages in reaction to cholesterol influx and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux, using three different radioactive precursors, 32PO4(3-), [3H]choline, and [14C]oleic acid. The cells were loaded with cholest...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extent to which cholesterol synthesis is modulated in macrophage foam cells by changes in cholesterol influx and efflux was determined using thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from normal and cholesterol-fed White Carneau (WC) and Show Racer (SR) pigeons. In peritoneal macrophages from normocholesterol...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is required for the assembly and secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins by intestinal epithelial cells, the characterization and regulation of MTP in human intestinal cells, CaCo-2, was studied. CaCo-2 cells express MTP mRNA of 4.2 kb and a 97 kDa subunit of MTP pro...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
