Abstract：
:When an aqueous solution (pH 7.0) of 3H deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate, deoxythymidine 5'-phosphate, 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide, cyanamide and ammonium chloride was dried and heated at 60 degrees C for 18 h, oligomers were obtained in a yield of approximately 80%. After the chemical degradation of any pyrophosphate bonds present in these oligomers, linear polynucleotides of up to 7-8 units in length were isolated by DEAE cellulose column chromatography and identified by enzymatic digestion procedures. The di- and trinucleotide fractions were degraded 87% and 100% by snake venom phosphodiesterase and 39% and 9% by spleen phosphodiesterase. This synthesis of deoxythymidine oligonucleotides was conducted under potentially prebiotic conditions and may offer a possible method for the synthesis of deoxyoligonucleotides on the primitive Earth.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Sherwood E,Joshi A,Oró Jdoi
10.1007/BF01764595subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-12-29 00:00:00pages
193-209issue
3eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Processes exhibiting diversity and selection would have been necessary to promote chemical evolution on early Earth. In this work, a model process was developed using non-kinetic selection to synthesize and isolate small molecule imidazolium catalysts. These catalysts were purified by affinity chromatography and recyc...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-015-9687-7
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenosine 5'-phosphoramidates form when solutions containing adenosine 5'-polyphosphates pnA (n greater than or equal to 3) or P1, P2-diadenosine 5'-diphosphate and amines are allowed to dry out. Mg ions catalyze these reactions. We have studied systems containing ammonia, imidazole, glycine, ethylenediamine and hista...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01751807
更新日期：1977-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The genome of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. "Dare" contains a chlorophyll a/b binding (Cab) protein gene family consisting of 10 genes. The primary structures of two linked Cab genes (Cab 4 and Cab 5) were determined. A comparison of the nucleic acid and predicted amino acid sequences of Cab 4 and Cab 5 revealed a high d...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02100210
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequences were obtained from five species of rodents that are orthologous to an H2a histone pseudogene from Mus musculus. The pseudogene is part of the cluster of replication-dependent histone genes found on Mus musculus chromosome 13. Comparative analysis of these five sequences together with the previously published...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006312
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phylogenetic relationships of 25 mammalian species representing 17 of the 18 eutherian orders were examined using DNA sequences from a 1.2-kb region of the 5' end of exon 1 of the single-copy nuclear gene known as interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP). A wide variety of methods of analysis of the DNA sequ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02337352
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phylogenetic hypotheses of muscle actin evolution are significantly different when a sea urchin is used as a representative echinoderm than when a sea star is used. While sea urchin muscle actins support an echinoderm-chordate sister relationship, sea star sequences suggest that echinoderm muscle actins are convergent...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002399910018
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequences from nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) that originated by transfer of genetic information from mitochondria to the nucleus offer a unique opportunity to compare different regimes of molecular evolution. Analyzing a 1621-nt-long numt of the rRNA specifying mitochondrial DNA residing on human chromosom...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-0293-3
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complement control proteins (CCPs) contain repeated protein domains, short consensus repeats (SCRs), which must be relevant to diverse functions such as complement activation, coagulation, viral binding, fetal implantation, and self-nonself recognition. Although SCRs share some discontinuous and imperfect motifs, ther...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-2609-8
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The semen of many primate species coagulates into a mating plug believed to prevent the sperm of subsequent mating events from accessing the ova. The texture of the coagulum varies among species: from a semisoft mass in humans to a firm plug in chimpanzees. In humans, a component of the coagulum, semenogelin I, also i...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-002-2463-0
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All modern mammals contain a distinctive, highly repeated (> or = 50,000 members) family of long interspersed repeated DNA called the L1 (LINE 1) family. While the modern L1 families were derived from a common ancestor that predated the mammalian radiation approximately 80 million years ago, most of the members of the...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02407302
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Minerals may have played a significant role in chemical evolution. In the course of investigating the chemistry of phosphonoacetaldehyde (PAL), an analogue of glycolaldehyde phosphate, we have observed a striking case of catalysis by the layered hydroxide mineral hydrotalcite ([Mg2Al(OH)6][Cl.nH2O]). In neutral or mod...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006406
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) of 12 eukaryotic species. In each species, three groups of highly expressed genes, ribosomal proteins, heat shock proteins, and amino-acyl tRNA synthetases, were compared with a control group (randomly selected genes). The purine-pyrimidine (R-Y) composition of pre-mRNA...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-006-0135-6
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have cloned and sequenced a protamine gene from the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). This gene sequence is highly homologous to one found in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), including the conservation of two structurally different repetitive elements. One of these repeats resembles a nonviral retroposon and the...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02099725
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 5S ribosomal RNA sequences have been determined for the rhodoplast of the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis and the chloroplast of the conifer Juniperus media. The 5S RNA sequence of the Vicia faba chloroplast is corrected with respect to a previous report. A survey of the known sequences and secondary structures of 5...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02138372
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An assay based on derivative analysis of thermal denaturation (melting) behavior of reassociated DNA was developed in an attempt to characterize the sequence relationships in repeated DNA families according to the homogeneous or heterogeneous models of Bendich and Anderson (1977). The validity of the technique was con...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01732678
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To get a better understanding of the effect of interelement selection on the variation of long terminal repeat retrotransposon families, we have investigated the evolutionary history of blood in the Drosophila melanogaster species complex. We carried out a PCR approach to amplify the 5' untranslated region from blood ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010164
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a new approach for analyzing directional mutation pressure and nucleotide content in protein-coding genes. Directional mutation pressure, the heterogenicity in the likelihood of different nucleotide substitutions, is used to explain the increasing or decreasing guanine-cytosine content (GC%) in DNA and is r...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00163805
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that inorganic membranes were forerunners of organic membranes at the origin of life. Such membranes, interposed between alkaline fluid in submarine vents and the more acidic Hadean ocean, were thought to house inorganic molecular machines. H+ flowed down the pH gradient (ΔpH) from ocean to vent ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 信件,评审
doi：10.1007/s00239-017-9805-9
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous observations have indicated that Drosophila DNA contains a component that evolves so rapidly that it fails to hybridize between the DNAs of sibling species. To establish the reality of this component and study its properties, the fraction (about 20%) of Drosophila simulans (Dsim) DNA that fails to hybridize t...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02099998
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In bacteria, synonymous codon usage can be considerably affected by base composition at neighboring sites. Such context-dependent biases may be caused by either selection against specific nucleotide motifs or context-dependent mutation biases. Here we consider the evolutionary conservation of context-dependent codon b...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002399910031
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By a chromosome walking strategy the DNA region from Methanococcus vannielii flanking the genes for protein synthesis elongation factor (EF) 1 alpha and EF-2 was cloned and sequenced. A gene organization of 5' - beta' - open reading frame (ORF) 1 - ORF2 - S12 - S7 - EF-2 - EF-1 alpha - S10 - ORF3 - ORF4 - 3' was found...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02106178
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 26S large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes for two Tetrahymena species, T. thermophila and T. pyriformis. The inferred rRNA sequences are presented in their most probable secondary structures based on compensatory mutations, energy, and conservation criteria. The majority of t...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02101107
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Friedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder associated with a GAA repeat expansion in the first intron of the gene (FRDA) encoding a novel, highly conserved, 210 amino acid protein known as frataxin. Normal variation in repeat size was determined by analysis of more than 600 DNA samples from...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010151
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolutionary relationships among arthropod hemocyanins and insect hexamerins were investigated. A multiple sequence alignment of 12 hemocyanin and 31 hexamerin subunits was constructed and used for studying sequence conservation and protein phylogeny. Although hexamerins and hemocyanins belong to a highly divergen...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006366
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Available molecular and biochemical data offer conflicting evidence for the origin of the cyanelle of Cyanophora paradoxa. We show that the similarity of cyanelle and green chloroplast sequences is probably a result of these two lineages independently developing the same pattern of directional nucleotide change (subst...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00182392
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marine mussels of the genus Mytilus have two types of mitochondrial DNA with separate paternal and maternal inheritance. Females are homoplasmic for an F genome that is transmitted to all offspring, whereas males are heteroplasmic for this F genome and for a highly diverged (> 20%) M genome that is transmitted only to...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-003-0019-y
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Explicit evaluation of the accuracy and power of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for detecting site-specific positive Darwinian selection presents a challenge because selective consequences of single amino acid changes are generally unknown. We exploited extensive molecular and functional characterization of a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9172-7
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The previously given systems-theoretic model for the synthesis of optical antipodes (AD and AL) in strongly asymmetric yield, which shows mono-bistable behaviour depending on the degree of "openess" of the chemical reaction system is reconsidered for two equal compartments (subscripts 1 and 2 on A) with coupling by di...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01732292
更新日期：1975-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The finding that ribozymes can catalyze RNA chain elongation has led to the proposal that an early self-replicating system could have consisted of RNA alone. In such a chain elongation reaction, the Tetrahymena ribozyme was found to select 3',5'-linked substrates from a pool that contained a large molar excess of 2',5...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02602919
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-seven protein sequence elements, six to nine amino acids long, were extracted from 15 phylogenetically diverse complete prokaryotic proteomes. The elements are present in all of these proteomes, with at least one copy each (omnipresent elements), and have presumably been conserved since the last universal commo...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-007-9032-x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
