Abstract:
:5' Terminal cap structures of hnRNA have been characterized and the extent of capping determined as a function of embryonic development. Sea urchin embryo hnRNA contains only the type-1 cap, m7GpppNmpNp, with the type-2 cap, which has a 2'-0-methylated subpenultimate nucleotide, being associated only with stable small nuclear RNAs. These cap 2-containing RNAs are synthesized at a rate of approximately 70 molecules min-1 nucleus-1 compared to approximately 1000 molecules for hnRNA cap 1. Approximately 70% of nuclear cap 1 is associated with greater than 15S RNA in denaturing solvent, but under non-denaturing conditions the percentage is much higher. Cap 1 in low and high molecular weight nuclear RNA have the same kinetics of methyl labeling. Thus all cap 1 structures may belong to a single class either covalent or H-bonded to high molecular weight RNA. hnRNA greater than 15S is 35% capped; however, adding caps in less than 15S RNA gives an estimate of 50% capping for total hnRNA. In development from early blastula to late gastrula, there is little if any change in the extent of capping of hnRNA. These results coupled with others indicate that the fraction of hnRNA molecules serving as precursor to mRNA does not change quantitatively during embryonic development.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Nemer M,Surrey S,Ginzburg I,Echols MMdoi
10.1093/nar/6.6.2307subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-01-01 00:00:00pages
2307-26issue
6eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Evidence will be presented to show that the allyl group is suitable for the protection of a 3'-terminal phosphodiester function. The latter will be demonstrated by the synthesis, via a phosphotriester approach, of two cyclic tetraribonucleotides [r(AAAA) and r(UAMe2UAMe2)], two cyclic hexadeoxyribonucleotides [d(CGCGC...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/16.10.4607
更新日期:1988-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrimidine adducts in cellular DNA arise from modification of the pyrimidine 5,6-double bond by oxidation, reduction or hydration. The biological outcome includes increased mutation rate and potential lethality. A major DNA N:-glycosylase responsible for the excision of modified pyrimidine bases is the base excision r...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/29.3.604
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation region of the MS2 replicase cistron can be isolated as a fragment 59 bases in length protected from RNAase by the binding of the coat protein which serves as a translational repressor. This fragment MS2 R(-53 leads to 6) starts 53 bases before the initiation codon and retains full activity in binding ri...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/6.5.1761
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The location of proteins on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Drosophila virilis was investigated by Me3 psoralen photoreaction of mitochondria isolated from embryos. After photoreaction the mtDNA was purified and the pattern of DNA cross-linking was determined by electron microscopy of the DNA under totally denaturing...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.4.1991
更新日期:1984-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Cpf1 nucleases were recently reported to be highly specific and programmable nucleases with efficiencies comparable to those of SpCas9. AsCpf1 and LbCpf1 require a single crRNA and recognize a 5'-TTTN-3' protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) at the 5' end of the protospacer for genome editing. For widespread application in...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkx783
更新日期:2017-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the method of choice for specific and sensitive quantification of nucleic acids. However, data validation is still a major issue, partially due to the complex effect of PCR inhibition on the results. If undetected PCR inhibition may severely impair the accuracy and sensitivity of r...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr778
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To enhance our knowledge regarding biological pathway regulation, we took an integrated approach, using the biomedical literature, ontologies, network analyses and experimental investigation to infer novel genes that could modulate biological pathways. We first constructed a novel gene network via a pairwise compariso...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gku678
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the DNA/RNA level, biological signals are defined by a combination of spatial structures and sequence motifs. Until now, few attempts had been made in writing general purpose search programs that take into account both sequence and structure criteria. Indeed, the most successful structure scanning programs are usua...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/24.8.1395
更新日期:1996-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are linked to key biological processes and human diseases. Small molecules that target specific G4 DNA structures and signal their presence would therefore be of great value as chemical research tools with potential to further advance towards diagnostic and therapeutic developments. Ho...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz1205
更新日期:2020-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a few Na+-specific RNA-cleaving DNAzymes were reported, where nucleobases are likely to play critical roles in catalysis. The NaA43 and NaH1 DNAzymes share the same 16-nt Na+-binding motif, but differ in one or two nucleotides in a small catalytic loop. Nevertheless, they display an opposite pH-dependency, i...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz578
更新日期:2019-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into a basic unit, the nucleosome which consists of 147 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of two copies each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Nucleosome structures are diverse not only by histone variants, histone modifications, histone composition but also through ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkv276
更新日期:2015-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Abasic substitutions in the non-template strand and promoter sequence changes were made to assess the roles of various promoter features in sigma70 holoenzyme interactions with fork junction probes. Removal of -10 element non-template single strand bases, leaving the phosphodiester backbone intact, did not interfere w...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkg400
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new class of synthetic DNA duplexes containing repeating oligonucleotide sequences, double-helical concatemers, is characterized. The UV-absorption and circular dichroism of a concatemer formed in self-association of d(T-G-C-A-C-A-T-G) have been studied. The thermodynamical parameters of complex formation are the fo...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/8.11.2413
更新日期:1980-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::DEAD, DEAH and DExH proteins are involved in almost every facet of RNA biochemistry. Members of these protein families exhibit an RNA-dependent ATPase activity and some possess an ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity. Although genetic studies have identified specific functions for certain DEx(D)/(H)proteins from which ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/27.19.3811
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 200 assembly factors (AFs) are required for the production of ribosomes in yeast. The stepwise association and dissociation of these AFs with the pre-ribosomal subunits occurs in a hierarchical manner to ensure correct maturation of the pre-rRNAs and assembly of the ribosomal proteins. Although decades of re...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz1079
更新日期:2020-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated an eight kilobase fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA by specific integration and excision of a plasmid containing a sequence adjacent to ribosomal operon rrn O. The genetic locus of the cloned fragment was verified by linkage of the integrated vector to nearby genetic markers using both transduction an...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.15.6307
更新日期:1984-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins perform biological functions through cascading interactions with each other by forming protein complexes. As a result, interactions among proteins, called protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are not completely free from selection constraint during evolution. Therefore, the identification and analysis of PPI c...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gky378
更新日期:2018-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IMP1) is a key regulator of messenger RNA (mRNA) metabolism and transport in organismal development and, in cancer, its mis-regulation is an important component of tumour metastasis. IMP1 function relies on the recognition of a diverse set of mRNA targets that is mediated by the combinator...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz136
更新日期:2019-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Sequencing of RNAs (RNA-Seq) has revolutionized the field of transcriptomics, but the reads obtained often contain errors. Read error correction can have a large impact on our ability to accurately assemble transcripts. This is especially true for de novo transcriptome analysis, where a reference genome is not availab...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkt215
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major goal of system biology is the characterization of transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNAs) and the transcriptional programs they regulate. We present Allegro, a method for de-novo discovery of cis-regulatory transcriptional programs through joint analysis of genome-wide expression data and promoter or 3' U...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkn1064
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::CSP41 is a ubiquitous chloroplast endoribonuclease belonging to the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. To help elucidate the role of CSP41 in chloroplast gene regulation, the mechanisms that determine its substrate recognition and catalytic activity were investigated. A divalent metal is required f...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkg640
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 7.5 kb full-size gypsy element from Drosophila subobscura strain H-271. Comparative analyses were carried out on the sequence and molecular structure of gypsy elements of D.subobscura (gypsyDs), D.melanogaster (gypsyDm) and D.virilis (gypsyDv). The three elements show a ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/24.5.914
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::'Linker scanning' has been used as an efficient method for systematically surveying a segment of DNA for functional elements by mutagenesis. A three-step PCR method was developed to simplify this process. In this method, a set of 'mutation primers' was made with 6 to 8 base substitutions in the center of the primers. ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/21.16.3745
更新日期:1993-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::The Mediator complex transmits activation signals from DNA bound transcription factors to the core transcription machinery. Genome wide localization studies have demonstrated that Mediator occupancy not only correlates with high levels of transcription, but that the complex also is present at transcriptionally silence...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr551
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is produced by T cells, but not B cells, in response to immune signals. GM-CSF gene activation in response to T-cell stimulation requires remodelling of chromatin associated with the gene promoter, and these changes do not occur in B cells. While the CpG methyl...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkn117
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computer programs, implemented on an Univac II00/80 computer system, for the identification and characterization of protein coding genes and for the analysis of nucleic acid sequences, are described. ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.1part1.281
更新日期:1984-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Replication factor C (RF-C) is a eukaryotic heteropentameric protein required for DNA replication and repair processes by loading proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA in an ATP-dependent manner. Prior to loading PCNA, RF-C binds to DNA. This binding is thought to be restricted to a specific DNA structure...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/27.17.3433
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a cDNA from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome has been isolated in the USA from a chronically infected chimpanzee. In order to isolate HCV cDNA derived from human material, RNA was extracted from plasma of a Japanese blood donor implicated in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis and HCV cDNA was synt...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/17.24.10367
更新日期:1989-12-25 00:00:00
abstract::FASTQ has emerged as a common file format for sharing sequencing read data combining both the sequence and an associated per base quality score, despite lacking any formal definition to date, and existing in at least three incompatible variants. This article defines the FASTQ format, covering the original Sanger stand...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1137
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Camptothecin (CPT), a plant alkaloid with antitumor activity, is a specific inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I. We have previously isolated and characterized a CPT-resistant topoisomerase I isolated from a CPT-resistant human leukemia cell line, CPT-K5. cDNA clones of topoisomerase I were isolated from the CP...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/19.1.69
更新日期:1991-01-11 00:00:00