Comparative statistics for DNA and protein sequences: multiple sequence analysis.

abstract：:A common challenge in pathogen discovery by deep sequencing approaches is to recognize viral or subviral pathogens in samples of diseased tissue that share no significant homology with a known pathogen. Here we report a homology-independent approach for discovering viroids, a distinct class of free circular RNA subvir...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu Q,Wang Y,Cao M,Pantaleo V,Burgyan J,Li WX,Ding SW

更新日期：2012-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Kinesin-1 is a molecular motor protein that transports cargo along microtubules. Inside cells, the vast majority of kinesin-1 is regulated to conserve ATP and to ensure its proper intracellular distribution and coordination with other molecular motors. Regulated kinesin-1 folds in half at a hinge in its coiled-coil st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dietrich KA,Sindelar CV,Brewer PD,Downing KH,Cremo CR,Rice SE

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:KcsA is a prokaryotic pH-dependent potassium (K) channel. Its activation, by a decrease in the intracellular pH, is coupled with its subsequent inactivation, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we have investigated the conformational changes and equilibrium of KcsA by using solution NMR spectroscopy. C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Imai S,Osawa M,Takeuchi K,Shimada I

更新日期：2010-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (Calvin cycle) catalyzes virtually all primary productivity on Earth and is the major sink for atmospheric CO(2). A less appreciated function of CO(2) fixation is as an electron-accepting process. It is known that anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria require the Calvin cycle to accept elect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McKinlay JB,Harwood CS

更新日期：2010-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Although in decline after successful anti-HIV therapy, B-cell lymphomas are still elevated in HIV-1-seropositive (HIV+) persons, and the mechanisms are obscure. The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 persists in germinal centers long after HIV-1 drug suppression, and some p17 variants (vp17s) activate Akt signaling and promote ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dolcetti R,Giagulli C,He W,Selleri M,Caccuri F,Eyzaguirre LM,Mazzuca P,Corbellini S,Campilongo F,Marsico S,Giombini E,Muraro E,Rozera G,De Paoli P,Carbone A,Capobianchi MR,Ippolito G,Fiorentini S,Blattner WA,Lu W,

更新日期：2015-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Deletion derivatives of the maize transposable element Activator (Ac) were constructed in vitro and inserted into a kanamycin resistance gene. These constructions were then introduced into tobacco protoplasts derived from plants previously transformed with Ac. The ability of each deletion derivative to excise was meas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coupland G,Plum C,Chatterjee S,Post A,Starlinger P

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thermus thermophilus possesses an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS2) able to aspartylate efficiently tRNAAsp and tRNAAsn. Aspartate mischarged on tRNAAsn then is converted into asparagine by an omega amidase that differs structurally from all known asparagine synthetases. However, aspartate is not misincorporated into ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Becker HD,Kern D

更新日期：1998-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:In nearly all eukaryotes, at least some individuals inherit mitochondrial and chloroplast genes from only one parent. There is no single mechanism of uniparental inheritance: organelle gene inheritance is blocked by a variety of mechanisms and at different stages of reproduction in different species. Frequent changes ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Birky CW Jr

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of unknown cause that afflicts the central nervous system. MS is typified by a highly clonally restricted antigen-driven antibody response that is confined largely to the central nervous system. The major antigenic targets of this response and the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Williamson RA,Burgoon MP,Owens GP,Ghausi O,Leclerc E,Firme L,Carlson S,Corboy J,Parren PW,Sanna PP,Gilden DH,Burton DR

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:We developed a "continual engagement" model to better integrate knowledge from policy makers, communities, and researchers with the goal of promoting more effective action to balance poverty alleviation and wildlife conservation in 4 pastoral ecosystems of East Africa. The model involved the creation of a core boundar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reid RS,Nkedianye D,Said MY,Kaelo D,Neselle M,Makui O,Onetu L,Kiruswa S,Kamuaro NO,Kristjanson P,Ogutu J,BurnSilver SB,Goldman MJ,Boone RB,Galvin KA,Dickson NM,Clark WC

更新日期：2016-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:High-entropy alloys are made from random mixtures of principal elements on simple lattices, stabilized by a high mixing entropy. The recently discovered body-centered cubic (BCC) Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti high-entropy alloy superconductor appears to display properties of both simple crystalline intermetallics and amorphous mater...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： von Rohr F,Winiarski MJ,Tao J,Klimczuk T,Cava RJ

更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein kinases play key roles in the induction by human interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) of specific gene expression and biological activity in various human cell lines. We now report that IFN-alpha increased the 7-kb transcript for the epsilon isotype of protein kinase C (PKC-epsilon) and the cellular content of PKC-eps...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang C,Constantinescu SN,MacEwan DJ,Strulovici B,Dekker LV,Parker PJ,Pfeffer LM

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Columnar stromatolites were abundant and widespread in the Proterozoic but are exceedingly rare in modern seas. Consequently, the stromatolites at Hamelin Pool in Shark Bay, Western Australia, have been widely interpreted as unique modern analogs of ancient stromatolites constructed by complex communities of cyanobact...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Awramik SM,Riding R

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How did human cooperation evolve? Recent evidence shows that many people are willing to engage in altruistic punishment, voluntarily paying a cost to punish noncooperators. Although this behavior helps to explain how cooperation can persist, it creates an important puzzle. If altruistic punishment provides benefits to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fowler JH

更新日期：2005-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasma of normal human individuals was shown to contain an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi neuraminidase (NAase; acylneuraminyl hydrolase, sialidase, EC 3.2.1.18). The inhibitor has been purified to homogeneity by PEG precipitation, CM Affi-Gel Blue Sepharose chromatography, and gel filtration. The purified preparation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Prioli RP,Rosenberg I,Pereira ME

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are a major problem worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, most notably isolates classified as multilocus sequence type (ST) 258, have emerged as an important cause of hospital deaths. ST258 isolates are predominantly multidrug resistant, and therefore infec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deleo FR,Chen L,Porcella SF,Martens CA,Kobayashi SD,Porter AR,Chavda KD,Jacobs MR,Mathema B,Olsen RJ,Bonomo RA,Musser JM,Kreiswirth BN

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major causative agent of periodontitis, and it may also be involved in the development of systemic diseases (atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis). P. gingivalis is found on and within oral and gingival epithelial cells following binding to surface components of host cells, which serve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boisvert H,Lorand L,Duncan MJ

更新日期：2014-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Cities are concentrated areas of CO2 emissions and have become the foci of policies for mitigation actions. However, atmospheric measurement networks suitable for evaluating urban emissions over time are scarce. Here we present a unique long-term (decadal) record of CO2 mole fractions from five sites across Utah's met...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitchell LE,Lin JC,Bowling DR,Pataki DE,Strong C,Schauer AJ,Bares R,Bush SE,Stephens BB,Mendoza D,Mallia D,Holland L,Gurney KR,Ehleringer JR

更新日期：2018-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Most homeobox genes belonging to the Hox family are sequentially activated in embryonal carcinoma cells upon treatment with retinoic acid. Genes located at the 3' end of each one of the four Hox clusters are activated first, whereas upstream Hox genes are activated progressively later. This activation has been extensi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Faiella A,Zappavigna V,Mavilio F,Boncinelli E

更新日期：1994-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) plays a major role in coupling T cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation to induction of actin cytoskeletal changes required for T cell activation. Here, we report that WASp inducibly binds the sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) in T cells and that WASp, SNX9, p85, and CD28 colocalize w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Badour K,McGavin MK,Zhang J,Freeman S,Vieira C,Filipp D,Julius M,Mills GB,Siminovitch KA

更新日期：2007-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The method of in situ hybridization has become a significant technique for specific-site chromosome mapping. We show that the resolution of in situ hybridization can be increased by hybridizing the probe to stretched prometaphase chromosomes with high-resolution banding obtained after 5-bromodeoxyuridine treatment of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zabel BU,Naylor SL,Sakaguchi AY,Bell GI,Shows TB

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase I transcription is controlled by DNA elements located within the spacers that separate the tandemly arranged rRNA genes. Unlike rRNA coding sequences, the intergenic spacers evolve rapidly and have little sequence similarity even among closely related species. Nonetheless, the arrangement...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doelling JH,Gaudino RJ,Pikaard CS

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is generated by cleavage of a membrane-anchored precursor protein, proTGF-alpha. ProTGF-alpha is cleaved at a slow rate and accumulates on the cell surface, thereby mediating cell-cell adhesion and mitogenic stimulation. We show here that cleavage of membrane proTGF-alpha b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pandiella A,Massagué J

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal H2O2 levels are closely related to many diseases, including inflammation and cancers. Herein, we simultaneously load HRP and its substrate, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), into liposomal nanoparticles, obtaining a Lipo@HRP&ABTS optical nanoprobe for in vivo H2O2-responsive chrom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen Q,Liang C,Sun X,Chen J,Yang Z,Zhao H,Feng L,Liu Z

更新日期：2017-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The electromechanochemical model has been reformulated to take account of the close connection between energy coupling and catalysis. In catalysis the protein is programmed to utilize thermal energy to produce local strains in the catalytic cavity and to generate conformational states that favor substrate --> product ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Green DE,Ji S

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seed germination is regulated by endogenous hormonal cues and external environmental stimuli such as water, low temperature, and light. After germination, the young seedling must rapidly establish its root system and the photoautotrophic capability appropriate to its surrounding environment. Light and the phytohormone...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen H,Zhang J,Neff MM,Hong SW,Zhang H,Deng XW,Xiong L

更新日期：2008-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal excretion of water and major electrolytes exhibits a significant circadian rhythm. This functional periodicity is believed to result, at least in part, from circadian changes in secretion/reabsorption capacities of the distal nephron and collecting ducts. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying circ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zuber AM,Centeno G,Pradervand S,Nikolaeva S,Maquelin L,Cardinaux L,Bonny O,Firsov D

更新日期：2009-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper is a theoretical study of dynamic self assembly in a system of millimeter-sized magnetized disks floating at a liquid-air interface and spinning under the influence of a rotating magnetic field. Equations of motions are derived that account for the hydrodynamic and magnetic forces acting in the system. Nume...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grzybowski BA,Stone HA,Whitesides GM

更新日期：2002-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a member of the family of intermediate filament structural proteins and is found predominantly in astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). To assess the function of GFAP, we created GFAP-null mice using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. The GFAP-null mice have nor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McCall MA,Gregg RG,Behringer RR,Brenner M,Delaney CL,Galbreath EJ,Zhang CL,Pearce RA,Chiu SY,Messing A

更新日期：1996-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Several mouse models have already proved valuable for investigating hypertrophic responses to cardiac stress. Here, we characterize one caused by a well defined single copy transgene, RenTgMK, that genetically clamps plasma renin and thence angiotensin II at high levels. All of the transgenic males develop concentric ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caron KM,James LR,Kim HS,Knowles J,Uhlir R,Mao L,Hagaman JR,Cascio W,Rockman H,Smithies O

更新日期：2004-03-02 00:00:00