Abstract:
:The factors controlling neurogenesis and differentiation of olfactory receptor cells in adults are poorly understood, although it is often stated that these cells undergo continual turnover after a predetermined lifespan. An interesting model in which to study mechanisms which control olfactory receptor neurogenesis and cell turnover is the tiger salamander, since basal cell mitosis varies with epithelial thickness and location in the nasal cavity. This paper presents a quantitative light-microscopic study of the different cell types within the ventral olfactory epithelium of the tiger salamander using a computer-assisted morphometric analysis of 2 micron sections. The results show that the surface density of olfactory vesicles remained constant throughout most of the epithelium and was independent of nasal cavity location, epithelial thickness and the total number of nuclei per unit epithelial surface area. Histological classification of nuclei into different cell types indicated that the increase in total cell number with epithelial thickness was mainly due to an increase in the number of immature receptor cells since the number of supporting cells varied only slightly and the numbers of basal cells and mature receptor cells remained constant except in the thinnest, most caudally located epithelium. It is concluded that the rate of maturation of receptor cells may be limited by an optimal surface density of olfactory vesicles. That is, when this density reaches 4.5 x 10(4) vesicles per mm2 there is a physical or chemical mechanism which prevents the final maturation of newly developing receptor cells, leading to their accumulation. This mechanism may also account for the variations in basal cell mitosis in this species.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Mackay-Sim A,Breipohl W,Kremer Mdoi
10.1007/BF00247534subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-01-01 00:00:00pages
189-98issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Percutaneous electrical stimulation of the motor point of the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) was used to produce a non-painful contraction of the FDI muscle that caused index finger abduction movement but no radiating cutaneous paraesthesias or sharp sensations localized to joints. Pairs of stimuli separated b...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2353-3
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual stimuli undetected by normal subjects as a result of masking procedures can nonetheless activate response preparation in motor areas and yield a motor response. An unanswered question is whether the same holds for undetected subliminal stimuli that are not responded to. To answer this question, in this study no...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0825-8
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intermodal attention (IA) is assumed to allocate limited neural processing resources to input from one specific sensory modality. We investigated effects of sustained IA on the amplitude of a 40-Hz auditory (ASSR) and a 4.3-Hz visual steady-state response (VSSR). To this end, we concurrently presented amplitude-modula...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2667-2
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that frontal eye field (FEF) visual activity integrates visual information with a template of a target by examining whether a target that is not present in a search display influences the target selection in FEF. Neural activity was recorded in FEF of macaque monkeys performing visual search f...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1461-1
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulating electrodes were chronically implanted in the ventral hippocampal commissure and the entorhinal cortex or angular bundle of rats. Moveable metal microelectrodes which could be passed through the hippocampus were implanted. All hippocampal units were classified s complex-spike cells or theta cells on the bas...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238898
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reports of spatial interactions between current and upcoming elements in a movement sequence could be due to intentional planning of a "global" action sequence (i.e., strategic effects), or to unintentional motor planning arising from merely paying attention to upcoming target objects (i.e., interference effects). The...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4511-6
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our objective was to determine if caudal ventral respiratory group (VRG) expiratory (E) neurons that drive abdominal expiratory motoneurons in the lumbar cord respond to intercostal and lumbar nerve afferent stimulation. Results showed that 92% of medullary E-neurons that were antidromically activated from the upper l...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230702
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular single-neuron recordings were obtained from electrophysiologically identified nigrostriatal neurons in chloral hydrate anesthetized rats, in order to test the hypothesis that excitatory amino acid receptors are involved in responses of these neurons to electrical stimulation of the pontine region where t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229003
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to elucidate neural control of the arterial blood pressure (ABP) in head-down postural change which causes both stimulation to the vestibular system and head-ward fluid shift. Experiments were carried out with urethane-anesthetized rabbits. The animal was mounted on a tilting table, tilted to...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1732-6
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In anaesthetized cats (chloralose-urethan) the effects of brief tetanic electrical stimulation (50 to 100 ms) of the mesencephalic central gray matter and reticular formation on the inspiratory on-switch were studied during the expiratory (E) phase on the gross and unitary activities of phrenic, laryngeal inspiratory ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237270
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has highlighted the role of haptic feedback for manual dexterity, in particular for the control of precision grip forces between the index finger and thumb. It is unclear how fine motor skills involving more than just two digits might be affected, especially given that loss of sensation from the hand aff...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05583-2
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive responses to balance perturbations have been shown to be improved by training. This investigation aimed to compare the effects of block and random training perturbation schedules on stability gains of compensatory arm and leg movements in response to unpredictable large-magnitude balance perturbations. Pertur...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05806-x
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Unit spikes of burst neurons were extracellularly recorded in the pontomedullary reticular formation of the cat. These neurons were identified by their burst activity coincident with the quick inhibitory phase of the contralateral abducens nerve during vestibular nystagmus and their antidromic activation from the c...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235558
更新日期:1978-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Human walking dynamics are typically framed in the context of mechanics and energetics rather than in the context of neuromuscular control. Dynamic walking principles describe one helpful theoretical approach to characterize efficient human walking mechanics over many steps. These principles do not, however, address h...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3708-9
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously showed that saccades tend to overshoot briefly flashed targets that were manually displaced in the dark (Ren et al. 2006). However it was not clear if the overshoot originated from a sensory error in measuring hand displacement or from a premotor error in saccade programming, because gaze and hand positi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-0981-5
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked in motoneurons innervating the back and abdominal muscles in the lumbar part of the body by stimulating hindlimb cutaneous afferents were investigated in unanesthetized decerebate and spinal cats. Various types of PSP: pure excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), pure inhibitory...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050879
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats with unilateral or bilateral partial section of the fornix were impaired on an eight arm radial maze task. Neurochemical analysis of hippocampal tissue four weeks after the lesions revealed a 50% reduction of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. The cholinergic marker was correlated negatively with the numb...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229009
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The simultaneous presentation of a visual and an auditory stimulus can lead to a decrease in people's ability to perceive or respond to the auditory stimulus. In this study, we investigate the effect that threat has upon this phenomenon, known as the Colavita visual dominance effect. Participants performed two blocks ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1608-1
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of ten alpha motor axons which innervated the peroneus brevis muscle were isolated in two cynomolgus monkeys. In each experiment, the isolated alpha axons were stimulated collectively to deplete glycogen from their muscle units. The muscle was then frozen quickly , cut serially, and stained for glycogen. Of th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237175
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transient receptor potential receptors (TRP) on primary afferent neurons respond to noxious and/or thermal stimuli. TRPV1 receptors can be activated by noxious heat, acid, capsaicin and resiniferatoxin, leading to burning pain or itch mediated by discharges in C polymodal and Adelta mechano-heat nociceptors and in cen...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1760-2
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information about the direction of the virtual line between two positions in space (directional information) is used in many decision-making and motor tasks. We investigated how accurately directional information is processed by the brain. Subjects performed two types of task. In both tasks they sat at a table. In the...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231466
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 3-day incremental protocol was conducted with the aim of adapting human subjects to make head movements comfortably during 30 RPM centrifugation. With motion sickness as a potentially limiting factor, the protocol was designed using a quantitative motion sickness model based upon the neural mismatch sensory conflict...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1415-8
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is ample evidence that motor learning changes the function of perceptual systems. Previous studies examining the interactions between speech production and perception have shown that the discrimination of phonetic contrasts characterized by the difference in articulatory place features is altered following their...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05584-1
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular recordings were obtained from inferior olivary neurones of the rat. The responses of fifty neurones evoked by electrical stimulation of a branch of the trigeminal nerve were recorded. Maxillary nerve stimulation was most effective. The response was characterized by an early discharge (single spike and wa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238283
更新日期:1976-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::The dual-task (motor and cognitive) performance of eight older adults (72.0 ± 6.4 years; 5 female; 3 male) was evaluated. Vocal choice reaction times (cognitive task) were measured at standstill as well as during unperturbed and perturbed gait (motor task). The perturbation was administered using customized shoes inst...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4533-0
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functionally and anatomically, the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscle can be subdivided in a pretarsal, a preseptal, and an orbital portion. In the rhesus monkey, fluorescent and neuronal retrograde tracing experiments were performed in the pretarsal or the orbital portion of the OO muscle, or both, using fast blue, diamid...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050478
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single unit activity was studied in the dorsomedial edge of the frontal lobe, above the superior arcuate sulcus in three trained monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). Gaze and head movements were recorded with two magnetic search coils. Discharges preceding spontaneous eye movements in a preferred direction were consistently o...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238971
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quick detection of changes in the sensory environment is very important for survival, resulting in automatic shifts of attention to the event and the facilitation of subsequent processes to execute appropriate behaviors. The abrupt onset or offset of a sensory stimulus should also activate the neural network detecting...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1468-8
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Goal-directed movements are commonly used to allow humans to interact with their environment. When making a goal-directed movement in a natural environment, there are many competing stimuli. It is therefore important to understand how making a goal-directed movement could be impacted by the need to divide attention be...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3880-6
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blinks are known to affect eye movements, e.g., saccades, slow and fast vergence, and saccade-vergence interaction, in two ways: by superimposition of blink-associated eye movements and changes of the central premotor activity in the brainstem. The goal of this study was to determine, for the first time, the effects o...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2040-9
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00