Abstract:
:Background Community pharmacists' role in the primary health care, patient-centered services, beyond traditional dispensing services is well established in the developed world. However, this role is not fully established in low-middle-income countries including Pakistan. Objective To explore community pharmacists' perspectives and preparedness about practice change and associated facilitators and barriers to extended services. Setting A study was conducted involving community pharmacists of Lahore, Pakistan. Method Two phased studies were conducted using mixed-method sequential design. The first phase involved qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the community pharmacists, while the second phase constituted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Main outcome measure Pharmacists' perspectives about extended pharmacy services, facilitators, barriers and preparedness for the practice change. Results For the first phase, pharmacists were purposively sampled and the saturation yielded a final sample size of fifteen pharmacists (N = 15). The thematic content analysis yielded four distinct themes; (1) current practices and familiarity with extended pharmacy services (2) practice gap between Pakistan and the developed countries (3) facilitators and the preparedness, and (4) barriers towards its implementation and provision. The second part was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional phase, where a total of 348 community pharmacists were approached, while only 242 responded, yielding a response rate of 69.5%. The triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data identified several barriers such as; shortage of pharmacists, lack of knowledge and skills, poor collaboration with general practitioners, failure of customers to pay for extended services. Facilitators and preparedness for the provision of extended pharmacy services were; access to patient notes, follow-up, separate counselling areas, accreditation of specific services and sufficient resources. Conclusion This study's findings call for the implementation and enforcement of Punjab Drug Sale Rules 2007 to facilitate the practice change and provision of comprehensive pharmacy services in Punjab, Pakistan. There is a need for additional laws to define community pharmacists' roles, uniform job description, training, new funding model, separate area, and accreditation of extended pharmacy services in Pakistan.
journal_name
Int J Clin Pharmjournal_title
International journal of clinical pharmacyauthors
Hashmi F,Hassali MA,Saleem F,Saeed H,Islam M,Malik UR,Atif N,Babar ZUdoi
10.1007/s11096-020-01221-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-07 00:00:00eissn
2210-7703issn
2210-7711pii
10.1007/s11096-020-01221-ypub_type
杂志文章abstract::Background There is a lack of data on the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in community-dwelling older adults in China. Objective To assess the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication in community dwelling older adults in China and to investigate risk factors associated with the us...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-00980-y
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The scope of pharmacist services for patients with pulmonary disease has primarily focused on drug related outcomes; however pharmacists have the ability to broaden the scope of clinical services by performing diagnostic testing including quality spirometry testing. Studies have demonstrated that pharmacists...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11096-015-0160-x
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A quick CYP2C19*2 genotyping assay can be useful in personalised antiplatelet-therapy. OBJECTIVE:To apply a rapid point-of-care (POC) CYP2C19*2 genotyping assay for personalisation of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to compare this POC assay to two la...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0269-6
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This commentary identifies studies that have compared commercially available DI databases, and discusses improvements in study methodology that might better guide clinicians in selecting resources for their practice setting. We also provide suggestions for future direction of research in this area with an eye towards ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11096-011-9522-1
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Setting Fifteen community pharmacies in the UK. Objective Proof of concept study to test the use of community pharmacies for active case finding of patients with coeliac disease. Methods Customers accessing over-the counter and prescription medicines indicated in the treatment of possible symptoms of coeliac disease o...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0368-4
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients at risk of falling are regularly prescribed medicines which increase falls risk. Medication review is a widely advocated risk reduction strategy. OBJECTIVE:The objectives of this descriptive study were to determine the number and types of falls risk medicines suitable for intervention, and to devel...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-014-9980-3
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:To audit patients' allergy documentation in a large rural hospital an to make recommendations about accurate drug allergies in hospital settings. SETTING:A 257 bed large hospital and fully integrated health service in Australia, providing a range of services including; medicine, surgery, aged ca...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s11096-011-9525-y
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background The treatment of heart failure patients is very complex and includes lifestyle modification as well as different pharmacological therapies. Polypharmacy is very common in such patients and they are at increased risk of potential drug-drug interactions and associated effects such as poor adherence, complianc...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00918-z
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ocular allergies frequently present in pharmacy practices. However, research into the actual management of ocular allergy in pharmacies is lacking. OBJECTIVE:To determine and quantify history and symptom questioning of a patient with presumed allergic conjunctivitis and management strategies employed by pha...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-012-9742-z
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::BackgroundAccess to drugs with hospital-restricted dispensation, such as those for patients with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis, is regulated by healthcare policy. These drugs have the greatest cost-effective impact on the healthcare system. This is why a model for Pharmaceutical Care based on follow-up teleconsult...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-01200-3
更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Older patients, due to polypharmacy, co-morbidities and often multiple prescribing doctors are particularly susceptible to medication history errors, leading to adverse drug events, patient harm and increased costs. Medication reconciliation at the point of admission to hospital can reduce medication discrep...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0254-0
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Coeliac disease affects 1% of the population, but 75% remain undiagnosed. Objective To conduct a case finding feasibility and efficacy study for the detection of coeliac disease in community pharmacies. Setting Six community pharmacies across Sheffield, UK. Method A prospective study was performed using a p...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00793-8
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Medication discrepancies may occur at transitions in care and negatively impact patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE:To determine if involving clinical pharmacists in hospital care, medication reconciliation and discharge medication plan communication can reduce medication discrepancies with a prospective, randomize...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-014-9917-x
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background In most scenarios, anaesthesiologists titrate opioids to control nociceptive surgical stress based on intraoperative haemodynamic changes. Remifentanil was reported to cause more profound cardiovascular depression than sufentanil. A concern is that this direct cardiovascular depression might counteract the ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-01094-1
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Pharmacists' involvement in patient care has improved the quality of care and reduced medication errors. However, this has required a lot of work that could not have been accomplished without documentation of interventions. Several means of documenting errors have been proposed in the literature but without...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0384-4
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type:
doi:10.1007/s11096-018-0759-9
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Studies in international literature have shown that Community Pharmacists can make considerable impact in controlling cardiovascular disease risk factors, especially hypertension. In Nigeria, there are no studies on the knowledge of CVD risk factors by Community Pharmacists and their practice of primary pre...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-018-0744-3
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The well-being of patients with Parkinson's disease may be improved by pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of standardised pharmaceutical care on health outcomes and quality of drug treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease. SETTING:Community pharmacies in...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s11096-012-9672-9
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There has been little research which specifically examines medicine use among South Asian (SA) and Middle Eastern (ME) groups, although evidence suggests that medicine-related needs may be poorly met for these groups. OBJECTIVE:To describe medicine-related problems (MRPs) experienced by SA and ME patients f...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-015-0103-6
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Computerised physician order entry (CPOE) and the integration of a pharmacist in clinical wards have been shown to prevent drug related problems (DRPs). OBJECTIVES:The primary objective was to make an inventory of the DRPs and resident pharmacist on-ward interventions (PIs) identified in a geriatric acute c...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-013-9821-9
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background The inclusion of pharmacist in health care system is essential to ensure optimal patient care. However, with the passage of time, pharmacist's role has transcended from dispensing, compounding and counting of pills, to more sophisticated clinical duties. Objective To evaluate doctors' experience, perception...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-00991-9
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background After radical cystectomy, delayed return of bowel function is relatively common. Although studies investigating on the best modality for delivering nutritional support to this patient group are limited, parenteral nutrition was standard of care in those patients at the urological ward of the University Hosp...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00800-y
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Gram negative pathogens are increasingly resistant to commonly used first line antibiotics and colistin is in most cases the only medicine available. There is very limited information available comparing the effectiveness and costs of low versus high dose colistin with studies showing efficacy with both dos...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-018-0713-x
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronotherapy involves altering the timing of medication administration to improve the overall control of a disease and to minimise treatment side-effects, and is an emerging concept in the field of therapeutics. AIM:The aim of this review is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the recent literature in order...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11096-013-9749-0
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ethnic diversity is increasingly encountered in the HIV-infected population in North America, and it is unknown if beliefs surrounding illness and treatment vary among different ethnic groups. OBJECTIVE:Our objectives were to determine whether self-reported adherence, illness perceptions and treatment belie...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-013-9866-9
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Oral anticoagulation therapy has proven beneficial impact on the prevention of thromboembolic events. However, the use of antocoagulatns also increases the risk of bleeds. To maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of the treatment, guidance on appropriate use of oral anticoagulants is essential. An in...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00844-0
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In end-of-life care, symptoms of discomfort are mainly managed by drug therapy, the guidelines for which are mainly based on expert opinions. A few papers have inventoried drug prescriptions in palliative care settings, but none has reported the frequency of use in combination with doses and route of adminis...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-015-0094-3
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:CASE (DESCRIPTION):We report the case of a 38-year-old woman treated with lamotrigine who experienced multi-organ dysfunction. The patient received the drug at the dose of 100 mg per day. One week later, the treatment was suspended because of an extensive body rash. Twenty-four hours later, the patient appeared drowsy ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-015-0158-4
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of pharmacotherapy follow-up (PF) on metabolic control and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients. SETTING:Six community pharmacies (4 intervention and 2 control) in the Curitiba metropolitan region (Brazil). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) and fasting ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-011-9493-2
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the situation regarding spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in the Czech Republic during a 5-year period (2005-2009). SETTING:Descriptive study was conducted using the data from the Czech State Institute for Drug Control pharmacovigilance database. METHODS:The dat...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-011-9527-9
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00