Abstract：
:In this study, the total exposure due to signals within GSM 900, GSM 1800, CDMA-1900 and 3G-2100 frequency bands at 200 m from the foot of 120, 100 and 80 base station masts in the Nigerian cities of Lagos, Ibadan and Abuja, respectively, was assessed. A calibrated hand-held spectrum analyser was used to measure the level of power (in dBm) of each signal within the mobile frequency bands. The exposure quotient associated with the combine electric field strengths from the various frequency bands in each city was estimated. The maximum value of total electric field strength at each point in Lagos, Ibadan and Abuja was 0.83 V/m, 0.53 V/m and 1.63 V/m, respectively. This study shows that the exposure quotient due to the simultaneous exposure to the four bands of mobile communication signals in each city is far less than one, as recommend by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection.
journal_name
Radiat Prot Dosimetryjournal_title
Radiation protection dosimetryauthors
Ayinmode BO,Farai IPdoi
10.1093/rpd/ncaa203subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-31 00:00:00eissn
0144-8420issn
1742-3406pii
6056028pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Knowing the concentration of 226Ra in soil and of 222Rn in soil gas is important for the analysis of indoor radon data and the prediction of radon-prone areas. Except for soil Rn in Ardenne, the data concerning these two radionuclides in Belgian soils are very scarce. In the context of Master theses and international ...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncx163
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experimental validation of a low-cost method for extrapolation and estimation of the maximal electromagnetic-field exposure from long-term evolution (LTE) radio base station installations are presented. No knowledge on downlink band occupation or service characteristics is required for the low-cost method. The meth...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncs307
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physical data regarding bremsstrahlung and neutrons produced in a steel shield by high-energy electron beams from a medical linear accelerator were investigated. These data are required to allow the accurate prediction of shielding performance for high-energy electron beams and in the design of radiotherapy facili...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncu153
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of this study was to compare dose estimates from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry with teeth and cytogenetic dosimetry with blood lymphocytes for 30 victims of radiation accidents. The whole-body exposures estimated by tooth enamel EPR dosimetry were ranging from 0.01 to 9.3 Gy. Study group com...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncu203
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recoil-proton spectrometer was created by coupling a p-i-n diode with a polyethylene converter. The maximum detectable energy, imposed by the thickness of the totally depleted layer, is approximately 6 MeV. The minimum detectable energy is limited by the contribution of secondary electrons generated by photons in th...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/nch237
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The USA must be prepared to provide a prompt, coordinated and integrated response for radiation dose and injury assessment for suspected radiation exposure, whether it involves isolated cases or mass casualties. Dose estimation for radiation accidents typically necessitates a multiple parameter diagnostics approach th...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncy294
更新日期：2019-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Bi-directional signaling involved in radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) between irradiated carcinoma cells and their surrounding non-irradiated normal cells is relevant to radiation cancer therapy. Using the SPICE-NIRS microbeam, we delivered 500 protons to A549-GFP lung carcinoma cells, stably expressing H2B-G...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncy249
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A neutron spectrometry and dosimetry measurement system has been developed based on a different design of the divided regions for a sphere, with three position-sensitive counters. The characteristics of the measurement system have been investigated in the reference radiation fields of Am-Be and (252)Cf sources. When r...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncl077
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monte Carlo simulations were used to assess secondary neutron doses received by patients treated with proton therapy for ocular melanoma and craniopharyngioma. MCNPX calculations of out-of-field doses were done for ∼20 different organs considering realistic treatment plans and using computational phantoms representati...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/nct283
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Therapeutic carbon ion beams produce a complex and variable radiation field that changes along the penetration depth due to the high density of energy loss along the particle track together with the secondary particles produced by nuclear fragmentation reactions. An accurate physical characterisation of such complex m...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncx201
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between the mean glandular dose (MGD) and the compressed breast thickness (CBT) is commonly used for the presentation of mammographic dose survey results and could also be useful for the assessment of individual breast doses retrospectively in case of lack of necessary dosimetric instrumentation. The ...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncn140
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multipurpose anthropomorphic neck phantom was designed and fabricated for use in medical applications. The designed neck phantom is composed of seven elliptic cylindrical slices with a semi-major axis of 14 cm and a semi-minor axis of 12.5 cm, each having the thickness of 2 cm. The thyroid gland, bony part of the ne...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncv359
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) established the framework for the use of exposure index (EI) for evaluating the exposure conditions with various digital systems. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of EI, as per the IEC, by comparing the EIs obtained through manual calculated and that displa...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncaa052
更新日期：2020-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Various radionuclides are used in nuclear medicine in different diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Recently, interest has grown in therapeutic agents for some interesting applications in nuclear medicine. Internal dose models and methods in use for many years are well established, and can give radiation doses to s...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006306
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the 7th European Conference on Protection Against Radon at Home and at Work held in the autumn of 2013 in Prague, the second intercomparison of measuring instruments for radon and its short-lived decay products and the first intercomparison of radon/thoron gas discriminative passive detectors in mix field of ra...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncu079
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural radiation is the largest contributor to the collective radiation dose of the world population. It is widely distributed in different geological formations such as soil, rocks, air and groundwater. In the present investigation, (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were measured in soil samples of the Ukhimath region of G...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncs187
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the considerable improvement in accuracy in comparison with previous intercomparison programmes, the outcome of the recent 3rd International Intercomparison on EPR Tooth Dosimetry has demonstrated that performance of various protocols practised in different laboratories significantly varies. SCRM and MUG took ...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type：
doi：10.1093/rpd/nci644
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Health Physics Measurements Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has initiated a study of neutron reference fields at selected US Department of Energy (DOE) calibration facilities. To date, field characterisation has been completed at five facilities. These fields are traceable to the National Instit...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncm012
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the framework of the European Metrological Research Program (EMRP) IND04 MetroMetal 'Ionizing radiation metrology for the metallurgical industry', joint research carried out by 14 metrological institutions from countries within the European Union and the company ENVINET, questions concerning the determination o...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncu224
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soil 222Rn concentration, CO2 and CH4 flux measurements were conducted around the Jwalamukhi area of North-West Himalayas, India. During this study, around 37 soil gas points and flux measurements were taken with the aim to assure the suitability of this method in the study of fault zones. For this purpose, RAD 7 (Dur...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncw071
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The W values of protons in liquid water were calculated for energies from 0.1 keV to 10 MeV using the continuous slowing down approximation as well as three models for the calculation of the differential ionisation cross-sections of water for protons published in recent years. The W values determined by means of the t...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncm019
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast and prostatic cancer as well as leukaemia in childhood have remarkably increased over some decades in the Federal Republic of Germany as well as in several other highly developed industrial nations. Such increase was much less or not observable in East Germany between 1960 and 1989 where diagnostic exposures we...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncr348
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method using europium-doped BaFBr imaging plates (IPs) has been studied for mapping entrance skin doses during interventional radiology (IR); the mapping is useful for detecting overlap between irradiation fields and determining the most exposed skin areas. IPs, which are two-dimensional radiation sensors made of ph...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/nch468
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A Japanese adult male voxel (volume pixel) phantom (hereinafter referred to as the JM phantom) was constructed on the basis of CT images of a healthy Japanese adult male volunteer. Body characteristics of the JM phantom were compared with those of a voxelised MIRD5 type phantom and a Japanese adult male voxel phantom ...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncl101
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive data have been gathered in the past on the response of different detectors, based on the registration of neutron-induced fissions in bismuth, gold, tantalum and thorium by the spark-replica counter and the thin film breakdown counter. These detectors make it possible to exploit the excellent characteristics ...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/nch168
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the framework of a joint research project on natural radiation exposure and its health effects in Cameroon from 2014 to 2017, the Institute of Geological and Mining Research and the Hirosaki University worked together to carry out natural radiation survey in mining and ore bearing regions of Cameroon. Air kerma...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncz176
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radiation exposure due to 222Rn and its progeny inhalation for clients and employees of selected thermal water spas was assessed. The radon risk was calculated using the measured 222Rn activity concentrations in the investigated thermal waters and radon transfer coefficient, defined as a fraction of radon released...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncw359
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The outdoor gamma background of the historic center of Rome was studied by in situ measurements and average values of the outcropping geological formations. The survey resulted in two maps of dose equivalent rate, related to pre-anthropic and present conditions. Presently, the average of the dose equivalent rate from ...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncz247
更新日期：2019-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aims to provide more insight in attenuation characteristics and corresponding lead (Pb) equivalences of a broad range of commercially available lead composite and nonlead protective garments. Thirty garments of five manufacturers (listed as 0.25-0.35-0.50 mm Pb equivalent) were tested. Transmission values w...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/rpd/ncw373
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An improvement in the clinical results obtained using total body irradiation (TBI) with photon beams requires precise TBI treatment planning, reproducible irradiation, precise in vivo dosimetry, accurate documentation and careful evaluation. In vivo dosimetry using LiF Harshaw TLD-100 chips was used during the TBI tre...
journal_title：Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006058
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
