Abstract:
:In the 1980s, during the military dictatorship, Chile was a forerunner in Latin America in radical health system reform, expanding the private sector's participation in health insurance and services provision and influencing reforms in other countries of the region. The article analyzes health policies in Chile from 2000 to 2018, in the context of four democratic government administrations, considering continuities and changes in the policies' development and their conditioning factors. The analytical reference drew on contributions from historical institutionalism. Literature and document searches were performed, besides semi-structured interviews with national policymakers from the period under study. Analysis of the trajectory of health policies in Chile during the democratic period revealed continuities and changes in the agendas and strategies adopted by governments with different political positions. Incremental reforms throughout this period produced progress and improvements in health services access and provision. However, reform proposals to alter the health system's public-private arrangement encountered resistance, and the dual and segmented structure shaped in the 1980s was maintained, with strong private participation. Historical-structural, institutional, and political conditioning factors in State-market relations and the health system's configuration under the dictatorship hindered comprehensive changes in public-private relations in health, producing an example of path dependence and corporate interests' power in the health sector. :Nos anos 1980, durante a ditadura militar, o Chile foi o precursor na América Latina na realização de uma reforma radical do sistema de saúde, que expandiu a participação do setor privado no asseguramento e prestação de serviços, influenciando reformas em outros países da região. O artigo analisa as políticas de saúde no Chile de 2000 a 2018, no contexto de quatro governos democráticos, considerando continuidades e mudanças na trajetória das políticas e seus condicionantes. O referencial analítico baseou-se em contribuições da abordagem do institucionalismo histórico. Realizou-se análise bibliográfica, documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores envolvidos na política nacional no período estudado. A análise da trajetória das políticas de saúde no Chile no período democrático mostrou continuidades e mudanças nas agendas e estratégias adotadas por governos de diferentes orientações políticas. Reformas incrementais realizadas ao longo do período produziram avanços e melhorias no acesso e prestação dos serviços de saúde. Porém, propostas de reforma que alterariam o arranjo público-privado do sistema de saúde sofreram resistências, e manteve-se a estrutura dual e segmentada conformada na década de 1980, com forte participação privada. Condicionantes histórico-estruturais, institucionais e políticos das relações entre Estado e mercado e da configuração do sistema de saúde instituída no período ditatorial dificultaram mudanças abrangentes nas relações público-privadas em saúde, configurando um exemplo de dependência de trajetória e do poder dos interesses empresariais no setor saúde. :En la década de 1980, durante la dictadura militar, Chile fue precursor en América Latina en la realización de una reforma radical del sistema de salud, que expandió la participación del sector privado en el aseguramiento y prestación de servicios, influenciando reformas en otros países de la región. El artículo analiza las políticas de salud en Chile desde el año 2000 al 2018, en el contexto de cuatro gobiernos democráticos, considerando continuidades y cambios en la trayectoria de las políticas y sus condicionantes. El marco referencial analítico se basó en contribuciones del enfoque del institucionalismo histórico. Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico, documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas con gestores implicados en la política nacional durante el período estudiado. El análisis de la trayectoria de las políticas de salud en Chile durante el período democrático mostró continuidades y cambios en las agendas y estrategias adoptadas por gobiernos de diferentes orientaciones políticas. Reformas incrementales realizadas a lo largo del período produjeron avances y mejoras en el acceso y prestación de los servicios de salud. No obstante, las propuestas de reforma que alterarían el acuerdo público-privado del sistema de salud sufrieron resistencias, y se mantuvo la estructura dual y segmentada, conformada en la década de 1980, con una fuerte participación privada. Condicionantes histórico-estructurales, institucionales y políticos de las relaciones entre el Estado y el mercado, así como de la configuración del sistema de salud instituido durante el período dictatorial, dificultaron cambios de gran alcance en las relaciones público-privadas en salud, configurando un ejemplo de dependencia de trayectoria, así como del poder de los intereses empresariales en el sector salud.
journal_name
Cad Saude Publicajournal_title
Cadernos de saude publicaauthors
Oliveira SC,Machado CV,Hein AA,Almeida PFdoi
10.1590/0102-311X00002120subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-23 00:00:00pages
e00002120issue
11eissn
0102-311Xissn
1678-4464pii
S0102-311X2020001105003journal_volume
36pub_type
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