Abstract：
:Growth hormone (GH) and its mediator, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) regulate somatic growth, metabolism and many aspects of aging. As such, actions of GH/IGF have been studied in many tissues and organs over decades. GH and IGF-1 are part of the hypothalamic/pituitary somatotrophic axis that consists of many other regulatory hormones, receptors, binding proteins, and proteases. In humans, GH/IGF actions peak during pubertal growth and regulate skeletal acquisition through stimulation of extracellular matrix production and increases in bone mineral density. During aging the activity of these hormones declines, a state called somatopaguss, which associates with deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system. In this review, we will focus on GH/IGF-1 action in bone and cartilage. We will cover many studies that have utilized congenital ablation or overexpression of members of this axis, as well as cell-specific gene-targeting approaches used to unravel the nature of the GH/IGF-1 actions in the skeleton in vivo.
journal_name
Mol Cell Endocrinoljournal_title
Molecular and cellular endocrinologyauthors
Dixit M,Poudel SB,Yakar Sdoi
10.1016/j.mce.2020.111052subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-01 00:00:00pages
111052eissn
0303-7207issn
1872-8057pii
S0303-7207(20)30354-3journal_volume
519pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A thyroid-specific enhancer element located upstream from the bovine thyroglobulin gene had been shown to contain three contiguous regions that are protected by thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) in footprinting experiments in vitro. The functional relevance of the individual TTF-1 binding sites was investigated i...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00250-0
更新日期：1999-03-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been also considered as the main thermogenic organ responsible of maintenance body temperature through heat production. However, a new type of thermogenic fat has been characterized during the last years, the beige or brite fat, that is developed from white adipose tissue (WAT) in respon...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.002
更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The conversion of androgens to estrogens is catalyzed by a complex of enzymes that includes a specific cytochrome P-450 aromatase (P-450arom). In this paper we describe the high level expression of aromatase activity in the rat Leydig cell tumor line, R2C. We also report the isolation of cDNA clones encoding the rat a...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(90)90056-e
更新日期：1990-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Secreted, plasma membrane, and resident proteins of the secretory pathway are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they undergo post-translational modifications, oxidative folding, and subunit assembly in tightly monitored processes. An ER quality control (ERQC) system oversees protein maturation and en...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2019.110630
更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The glycoprotein hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), both of which act through the LH receptor, play an important role in the regulation of both male and female gonadal function. Testicular androgen production by the Leydig cells is almost entirely dependent on LH/hCG action, whil...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00180-4
更新日期：1998-10-25 00:00:00
abstract：:During critical periods of development, hypothyroidism causes abnormalities of the central nervous system such as incomplete maturation of neuronal and glial cells, reduction in synaptic densities and myelin deficits. In this study expression of development regulated genes, ie transcription of beta-actin, sema 3F, CRM...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00592-5
更新日期：2001-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The synthesis and phosphorylation of H1 histones were studied in organ cultures of midpregnant mouse mammary glands exposed to various combinations of insulin, cortisol and prolactin over a 48-h period. The synthesis of specific H1 histone subtypes was changed only when all three hormones were present, and the effect ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(87)90137-7
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The crucial effects of androgens on the male skeleton are at least partly mediated via the androgen receptor (AR). In addition to hormone binding, the AR activity is regulated by post-translational modifications, including SUMOylation. SUMOylation is a reversible modification in which Small Ubiquitin-related MOdifier ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2018.09.008
更新日期：2019-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Granulosa cell (GC) expressed androgen receptors (AR) and intrafollicular androgens are central to fertility. The transactivating domain of the AR contains a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence, which is linked to the transcriptional activity of AR and may influence the GC function. This study aims to evaluate the effects...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.015
更新日期：2016-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Various adipocytokines have been described which influence insulin sensitivity and vascular function profoundly and might, therefore, potentially link obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. Among those, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is an adipose-secreted factor upregulated in obesity and insulin ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2006.04.027
更新日期：2006-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Type I pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA1) is a rare form of mineralocorticoid resistance characterized by neonatal renal salt wasting and failure to thrive. Typical biochemical features include high levels of plasma aldosterone and renin, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Different mutations of the human mineralocorticoid re...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.017
更新日期：2004-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Modifications of tRNAs in various physiological or experimental conditions are well documented. We have compared isoacceptor tRNAs extracted from target organs (heart and liver) from thyroidectomized rats to those of control animals. Nine liver aminoacyl-tRNAs and eight heart aminoacyl-tRNAs from thyroidectomized and ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(83)90215-0
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Manduca sexta, basal and PTTH-stimulated secretion of ecdysteroids by prothoracic glands in vitro increases from days 1 to 4 of the fifth larval stage. Glandular content of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was analyzed to determine if the enzyme changes in concert with increased secretory response. Photoaffinity label...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(93)90151-9
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The seminal vesicles of male rat secrete tissue-specific proteins under androgenic control. The effects of testosterone on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi-system of this tissue have been quantified using specific antibodies. Castration was followed within 2 weeks by a 10-fold reduction in RER-specific ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(84)90124-2
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to increase the reprogramming efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from somatic cells, but the mechanism by which VPA enhances iPSC induction has not been defined. Here we demonstrated that VPA directly activated Oct4 promoter activity through activation of the PI3K/Ak...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.008
更新日期：2014-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Resistance to thyroid hormone can be due to heterozygous, dominant negative (DN) THRA (RTHα) or THRB (RTHβ) mutations, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we delineate the spatiotemporal expression of TH receptors (TRs) in zebrafish and generated morphants expressing equivalent amounts of ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.020
更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports the identification of five preprogalanin complementary deoxyribonucleic acids encoding preprogalanin peptides in the goldfish. Preprogalanin 1A, 1B and 1C are encoded in galanin gene 1 and 2A and 2B are encoded in gene 2. Preprogalanin 1B and 2B have a 24 amino acids insert in the mature peptide reg...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00301-5
更新日期：2003-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that osteocalcin synthesis is readily induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells (Mahonen et al. (1990) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1048, 30-37). In the present study, the regulation of osteocalcin synthesis by other hormones of the steroid-thyroid hormone f...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(91)90269-x
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antisense oligonucleotides can inhibit gene expression in living cells by binding to complementary sequences of DNA, RNA or mRNA. The mechanisms include inhibition of RNA synthesis, RNA splicing, mRNA export, binding of initiation factors, assembly of ribosome subunits and of sliding of the ribosome along the mRNA cod...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(94)90254-2
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The freezing of human ovarian tissue may be the key for restoring fertility after systemic therapy of cancer. In contrast to others we investigated the survival rate of whole follicles, and had a special look at the granulosa cells. Ovarian tissue was collected laparoscopically (n = 10) and divided into equal parts fo...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00362-2
更新日期：2000-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Many agrochemicals have endocrine disrupting properties. A subset of these chemicals is characterized as "estrogenic". In this review, we describe several distinct ways that chemicals used in crop production can affect estrogen signaling. Using three agrochemicals as examples (DDT, endosulfan, and atrazine), we illust...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2020.110860
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major source for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphate compound DHEA-S is the inner zone of the adrenal cortex, which is in direct contact to adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. Due to their close proximity, direct interactions of DHEA and DHEA-S with chromaffin cells during adrenal gland development and th...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.026
更新日期：2009-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of adipogenesis. It is also a central player in energy metabolism, inflammation and immunity. As an important nuclear transcription factor, PPARγ can regulate the expression and function of genes or biological processes directly or indirectly ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.037
更新日期：2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Key reproductive events, such as menstruation and implantation, are considered to be inflammatory processes and glucocorticoids act as anti-inflammatory agents. The balance of expression of types 1 and 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11betaHSD) controls the availability of cortisol to bind to the glucocorticoi...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2005.12.010
更新日期：2006-03-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence is accumulating that environmental chemicals (ECs) including endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can alter female reproductive development, fertility and onset of menopause. While not as clearly defined as in the male, this set of abnormalities may constitute an Ovarian Dysgenesis Syndrome with at least som...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.021
更新日期：2012-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:In cultured human lymphocytes (IM-9) and in isolated rat adipocytes human growth hormone is substrate for a receptor-mediated degradation. When the cells are incubated with monoiodinated human growth hormone half of the radioactivity dissociating from the cells is in the form of [125I]monoiodotyrosine. Since IM-9 lymp...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(85)90145-5
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a prohormone which undergoes extensive tissue and cell specific post-translational processing producing a number of active peptides with diverse biological roles ranging from control of adrenal function to pigmentation to the regulation of feeding. One approach to unraveling the complexi...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.032
更新日期：2011-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by an abnormal oxidative metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be defined. To uncover potential mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, we performed a gene expression profiling study in hearts of diabetic db/db mice. Diabetic hearts ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2016.04.004
更新日期：2016-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and its isoforms have different putative functions and expression patterns in prostate cancer. Current studies on 5'-most exons, 0K and 0N, show that their respective promoters are actively involved in transcription. These data, however, do not explain why ERβ isoforms are differentially expr...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.023
更新日期：2013-08-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are of interest for cell therapy since their secreted factors mediate immunomodulation and support tissue regeneration. This study investigated the direct humoral interactions between MSC and pancreatic β-cells using human telomerase-immortalized MSC (hMSC-TERT) and rat insulinoma-derived ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.024
更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00
