Abstract：
:Antisense oligonucleotides can inhibit gene expression in living cells by binding to complementary sequences of DNA, RNA or mRNA. The mechanisms include inhibition of RNA synthesis, RNA splicing, mRNA export, binding of initiation factors, assembly of ribosome subunits and of sliding of the ribosome along the mRNA coding sequence. The most efficient antisense oligonucleotides also activate RNAse H, an ubiquitous enzyme that cleaves the mRNA at sites of mRNA/oligonucleotide duplex formation. A staggering number of oligonucleotide modifications have been proposed to retard degradation by nucleases, enhance cellular uptake, increase binding to the target sequence, and minimize non-specific binding to related nucleic acid sequences. Phosphorothioates are the most popular oligonucleotides used in cell culture and in vivo, although sequence non-specificity remains an underreported problem. Recently developed chimeras between methylphosphonates and phosphodiester oligonucleotides appear to combine the advantages of water solubility, nuclease resistance, enhanced cellular uptake, activation of RNAse H, and high sequence selectivity. Antigene oligonucleotides are also promising, because they can inhibit gene expression by triple helix formation with DNA or by binding to one of the DNA strands. They have so far been little used in physiological studies. Cost is still a prohibitive factor, especially for suppressing the expression of a hormone or hormone receptor gene in rats, for example. However, patch-clamp dialysis of single cells or nuclear microinjections in culture, exposure of cultures to extracellular oligonucleotides, and intra-cerebral microinjections of oligonucleotides are feasible and highly rewarding approaches in physiology.
journal_name
Mol Cell Endocrinoljournal_title
Molecular and cellular endocrinologyauthors
Baertschi AJdoi
10.1016/0303-7207(94)90254-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-05-01 00:00:00pages
R15-24issue
1-2eissn
0303-7207issn
1872-8057pii
0303-7207(94)90254-2journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Receptor-mediated Ca2+ entry was investigated in fura-2-loaded thyroid FRTL-5 cells. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) attenuated the ATP-induced increase in intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). In PKC down-regulated cells, the ATP-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was increased compared ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(93)90134-6
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Severe inflammation in the islets is observed in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Inflammation in the islets is caused by obesity-induced serum free fatty acids. Asprosin is a fasting-induced adipokine, which contributes to hepatic glucose production. However, the effects of asprosin on inflammation and cellular d...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2019.03.001
更新日期：2019-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been well established for decades that androgens, namely testosterone (T) plays an important role in female reproductive physiology as the precursor for oestradiol (E2). However, in the last decade a direct role for androgens, acting via the androgen receptor (AR), in female reproductive function has been confi...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.026
更新日期：2018-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypothalamic astrocytes secrete TGF-beta and 3 alpha,5 alpha-tetrahydro progesterone (3 alpha,5 alpha-THP) in culture. When the astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) was incubated with the hypothalamic cell line GT1-7, it resulted in the secretion of GnRH. Immunoneutralization with TGF-beta antibody or ultra-filteration ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.017
更新日期：2006-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：:B cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1), known as the first functional member of PcG (Polycomb Group) family, is supposed to be a key regulator of stem cell self-proliferation. In this study, we investigated its expression in testis and its impact on spermatogonia proliferation for bet...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2008.01.008
更新日期：2008-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution and molecular forms of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI) were determined in the ovine median eminence using a new, C-terminally directed antiserum. BLI was confined to neurons of the external zone of the median eminence, near small blood vessels, many of which also were immunoreactive for CRF. Each...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(87)90180-8
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of human retinoid X receptor alpha (hRXR alpha) and its ligand, 9-cis-retinoic acid, on T3-mediated auto-regulation of hTR beta 1 gene expression were examined using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter system, and a deletional analysis of the promoter. hRXR alpha enhanced T3-dependent CAT induct...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(95)03522-9
更新日期：1995-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The prostate gland is highly dependent on androgens for its development, growth and function. Consequently, the prostatic epithelium predominantly consists of androgen-dependent luminal cells, which express the androgen receptor at high levels. In contrast, androgens are not required for the survival of the androgen-r...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.008
更新日期：2012-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of 3.0 mM Mn2+ on parathyroid hormone (PTH) release, 45Ca fluxes and the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+i) were studied in vitro with use of parathyroid glands from rats and cattle. Mn2+ inhibited PTH release by about 70 and 60% at Ca2+ concentrations of less than 10 nM or 0.5 mM, respectively, and li...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(88)90197-9
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), one of the three glycoprotein hormone receptors, is necessary for critical reproductive processes, including gonadal steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation and ovulation, and male sex differentiation. Moreover, it has been postulated to contribute to certain neoplasms, particularly ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.025
更新日期：2010-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-30 (GPR30), also known as G-protein estrogen receptor-1 (GPER1), is a putative extranuclear estrogen receptor whose precise functions in the brain are poorly understood. Studies using exogenous administration of the GPR30 agonist, G1 suggests that GPR30 may have a neuroprotective ro...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.024
更新日期：2014-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The apparent preferential expression of the elastase/cathepsin G protease inhibitor antileukoproteinase (ALP) in endometrium of species with epitheliochorial placenta suggests mechanisms of transcriptional regulation unique to these mammalian species. To begin to define the cis-acting regulatory elements involved in t...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(93)90215-6
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During critical periods of development, hypothyroidism causes abnormalities of the central nervous system such as incomplete maturation of neuronal and glial cells, reduction in synaptic densities and myelin deficits. In this study expression of development regulated genes, ie transcription of beta-actin, sema 3F, CRM...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00592-5
更新日期：2001-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Administration of hydrocortisone to adrenalectomised rats elevated levels of both free and membrane-bound polysomes in liver and led to marked shifts in their sedimentation profiles in favour of heavier polysomes. The rate of nascent polypeptide formation was also found to be enhanced in response to the hormone but th...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(76)90038-1
更新日期：1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A thyroid-specific enhancer element located upstream from the bovine thyroglobulin gene had been shown to contain three contiguous regions that are protected by thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) in footprinting experiments in vitro. The functional relevance of the individual TTF-1 binding sites was investigated i...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00250-0
更新日期：1999-03-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Fertilization is a unique and exquisitely choreographed cellular interaction between the male and female gamete that results in the creation of a genetically unique individual. Despite the fundamental importance of fertilization, there remains a dearth of information about the basic biochemical mechanisms that underpi...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2005.06.004
更新日期：2005-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Modifications of tRNAs in various physiological or experimental conditions are well documented. We have compared isoacceptor tRNAs extracted from target organs (heart and liver) from thyroidectomized rats to those of control animals. Nine liver aminoacyl-tRNAs and eight heart aminoacyl-tRNAs from thyroidectomized and ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(83)90215-0
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultraviolet radiation B stimulates both the production of vitamin D3 in the skin and the activation of the skin analog of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) as well as the central HPA. Since the role of vitamin D3 in the regulation of the HPA is largely unknown, we investigated the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 and...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.006
更新日期：2016-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The endocrine activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) contributes to maintaining plasma calcium and phosphate homeostasis through actions on the intestine, kidney and bone. A significant body of evidence has been published over the last 10 years indicating that all major bone cells have the capacity to m...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.024
更新日期：2011-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The production of glucocorticoids and aldosterone in the adrenal cortex is regulated at multiple levels. Biosynthesis of these hormones is initiated when cholesterol, the substrate, enters the inner mitochondrial membrane for conversion to pregnenolone. Unlike most metabolic pathways, the biosynthesis of adrenocortica...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2012.11.014
更新日期：2013-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The antimalarial agent, mefloquine, inhibits the function of connexin Cx36 gap junctions and hemichannels and has thus become a tool to investigate their physiological relevance in pancreatic islets. In view of earlier reports on a KATP channel-block by mefloquine, the specificity of mefloquine as a pharmacological to...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.024
更新日期：2018-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:In Manduca sexta, basal and PTTH-stimulated secretion of ecdysteroids by prothoracic glands in vitro increases from days 1 to 4 of the fifth larval stage. Glandular content of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was analyzed to determine if the enzyme changes in concert with increased secretory response. Photoaffinity label...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(93)90151-9
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is evoked by aldosterone, and it induces hypertension and cardiovascular disease when it's concomitant with excessive salt loading. We have proposed the notion of "MR-associated hypertension", in which add-on therapy of MR blockers is effective even though serum aldosteron...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.007
更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The adrenal cortex functions to produce steroid hormones necessary for life. To maintain its functional capacity throughout life, the adrenal cortex must be continually replenished and rapidly repaired following injury. Moreover, the adrenal responds to endocrine-mediated organismal needs, which are highly dynamic and...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2020.111043
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) activate transcription by recruiting coactivator complexes such as histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and the mediator complex, to increase chromatin accessibility by general transcription factors and to promote transcription initiation. Indirect evidences have suggested a role for the ATP...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2007.02.004
更新日期：2007-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for primate reproduction and acts via the FSH-receptor (FSHR). Although the FSHR expression is highly cell-specific, knowledge of the FSHR promoter and its transcriptional regulation is very limited. We applied a comparative genomic approach of important primate lineages...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2009.12.020
更新日期：2010-04-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteogenic activities of activin, a member of TGF-beta superfamily, have been shown in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Local injection of activin promoted fracture healing in rat fibula fracture models. Since both activin and its receptor are expressed during fracture healing, activin would be involved in the heali...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00496-8
更新日期：2001-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Exploitation of estrogen's vasculoprotective properties in drug design is difficult due to its adverse effects on endometrium and breast. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) act as estrogen agonists in some tissues but are anti-estrogenic in others. We investigate here whether tamoxifen, raloxifene, and two ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2004.08.004
更新日期：2004-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) inside thecal and granulosa-lutein cells of human corpus luteum (CL) was assessed by immunoelectron microscopy. We found greater levels of StAR immunolabeling in steroidogenic cells from early- and mid-than in late luteal phase CL and lower levels i...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2005.08.003
更新日期：2005-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Metastatic renal cell carcinomas (RCC) remain highly resistant to systemic therapy. RCCs are highly vascular tumors, which overproduce angiogenic peptides such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) even under normoxic conditions. A potential suggested role of antiangiogenic therapeutic strategies is the treatme...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2004.07.013
更新日期：2004-10-29 00:00:00
