Abstract:
:Given the ubiquitous nature of opioids in the treatment of pain, it is an interesting paradox that this class of medications also represents one of the least understood components of clinical pain medicine. For many years, there has been intense interest in the mechanisms of opioid activity, but this has not resulted in a corresponding increase in convincing clinical data. This review focuses primarily on the evidence surrounding the long-term use of opioids in chronic pain, but discussions of this research are often conflated with the very different data governing acute and cancer-related pain, where evidence of efficacy is clearer. It is therefore important to clarify the evidence-based indications for opioid therapy. There remains very little evidence that opioids improve function or quality of life beyond 3 months in people with chronic pain conditions. In all three patient populations, the development of tolerance, dependence, hyperalgesia and withdrawal are key phenomena that affect the patient experience, and in particular the decision to remain on opioids in the long term. This is a common thread that connects the opioid literature in all of these spheres, and justifies the burgeoning interest in these phenomena in the basic science literature. There is an urgent need to address these negative consequences of opioid use, in order to maximize the therapeutic benefit that opioids can offer.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Montgomery LSdoi
10.1002/jnr.24695subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-07 00:00:00eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The rate and direction of neurite growth have been shown in a number of studies to be determined by the distribution of adhesive sites on the growth cone. Recent evidence showing that the application of extrinsic electric fields can redistribute membrane molecules and alter both the rate and direction of neurite growt...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490130118
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are excitable neural cells that contribute to brain information processing via bidirectional communication with neurons. This involves the release of gliosignaling molecules that affect synapses patterning and activity. Mechanisms mediating the release of these molecules likely consist of non-vesicular and ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24051
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is induced by cerebral ischemia and injurious blood components acutely after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We hypothesized that inhibition of JNK will prevent damage to the neurovascular unit in the early brain injury period after SAH. Ninety-nine male SD rats (300-350 g) were random...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21281
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cytomorphological consequences of microhemorrhagic brain injury induced by a nanoscale iron injection. Of particular interest were the etiology, development, and treatment of epilepsy associated with this injury. We developed an animal model of chronic epilepsy usi...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23328
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration and also, depending on the age and type of neuron, can promote axonal growth. In addition, MAG influences stability of both myelin and the axon in the intact, mature nervous system. The identity of the neuron/axonal MAG-binding receptor ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19990415)56:2<213::aid-jnr
更新日期:1999-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally recognized that lipid peroxides play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases and that sulfhydryl groups are critically involved in cellular defense against endogenous or exogenous oxidants. Recent evidence indicates that lipid peroxides directly participate in induction of cytoprotect...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10177
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown previously that in oligodendrocytes, the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is maximally expressed immediately prior to the most rapid period of myelination in rat brain. We have begun to investigate the role of this protein during myelination by downregulating CREB s...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19961001)46:1<98::AID-JNR1
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic central nervous system neuroepithelial cells are a transient population of cells that give rise to neuronal and glial progenitors. In the E12-E16 embryonic rat spinal neural tube we have identified neuroepithelial cells as radially oriented cells expressing the GD3 ganglioside as recognized by the monoclonal...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960901)45:5<549::AID-JNR
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A link between aluminum (Al) exposure and age-related neurological disorders has long been proposed. Although the exact mechanism by which the metal may influence disease processes is unknown, there is evidence that exposure to Al causes an increase in both oxidative stress and inflammatory events. These processes hav...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10877
更新日期:2004-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The transforming growth factors beta (TGF-beta), a family of regulatory polypeptides, are involved in numerous vital processes including inflammation and wound healing. Since repair of a peripheral nerve lesion includes a series of well-defined steps of cellular actions possibly controlled by TGF-beta s, and since TGF...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490390408
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulation of beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Abeta-mediated pathogenesis could result from increased production of Abeta or insufficient Abeta clearance by microglia, astrocytes, or the vascular system. Cell-surface receptors, such as scavenger receptors, mig...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20992
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inward-rectifier K(+) channel Kir4.1 is responsible for maintaining cochlear homeostasis and restoring neural excitability. The large-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channel (BK(Ca)) plays a key role in phase locking signals in the mammalian inner ear. To evaluate the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction on t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21842
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isatin (indole-2,3-dione) is an endogenous indole that has a distinct and discontinuous distribution in the brain and in other mammalian tissues and body fluids. Its output is increased under conditions of stress and anxiety. Its biological targets remain poorly characterized, although [(3)H]isatin binding sites have ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22104
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Music has a long history of healing or mitigating physical and mental illness in the clinical setting. We aimed to test changes in behavioral cognition and serum proteomics in rats undergoing music intervention (MI). The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory in rats. Serum protein ex...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.24275
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular and behavioral timekeeping is regulated by the circadian system which includes the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that translates environmental light information into neuronal and endocrine signals aligning peripheral tissue rhythms to the time of day. Despite the critical role of circadian rhythms in...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.24606
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA in the hyperthermic rabbit brain has been examined previously by using Northern blotting and in situ hybridization procedures that measure steady-state levels of mRNA, which may be influenced by transcript stability and transcription rate. In the present investigatio...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980601)52:5<538::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The postmortem stability of brain RNA was measured in rat and human samples for up to 48 hr. Whole rat brains, cooled at a rate approximating that of human brains awaiting autopsy, were collected at intervals from 0 to 48 hr after death and frozen. These samples were compared with freshly obtained, unfrozen rat brains...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490160123
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic lead exposure during development is known to produce learning deficits. In the present study, we investigated the effects of developmental exposure to lead on spatial memory, as shown in the Morris water maze, and on expression of inducible cyclooxygenase-2 protein in the hippocampi of male rats. Rats were sep...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21423
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in executive function are at the root of most cognitive problems associated with Parkinson's disease. Because dopaminergic treatment does not necessarily alleviate deficits in executive function, it has been hypothesized that dysfunction of neurotransmitters/systems other than dopamine (DA) may be associated w...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23638
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are essential cells for maintaining brain integrity. We have recently shown that the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, plays a key role in the astrocyte death induced by ischemia. Meanwhile, mediators of apoptosis downstream of CHOP in t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22280
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fetal low brain oxygenation may be an outcome of maternal complications during pregnancy and is associated with increased risk of cerebral palsy and periventricular leukomalacia in newborns. One treatment used for prevention of fetal brain damage is maternal treatment with MgSO(4). Although this treatment is indicated...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20269
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the accumulating data on the molecular and cell biological characteristics of neural stem/progenitor cells, their electrophysiological properties are not well understood. In the present work, changes in the membrane properties and current profiles were investigated in the course of in vitro-induced neuron form...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21282
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study tested the hypothesis that sensitivity to the Ca(2+) -induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) and the sensitivity of the loss of ΔΨ to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) inhibitors are different for neurons and astrocytes. Primary cultures of rat cortical neurons and astrocyte...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22709
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate the biological differences in neural phenotype between malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) and neuroblastoma cell lines, we examined the expression of solube N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex proteins in MRT cell lines under differentiation induction with 12-...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10330
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycolysis was blocked in the hippocampus of the otherwise unaffected rabbit by perfusion of a previously implanted thin dialysis tube with a medium containing 0.1 mM iodoacetate. The perfusate from the dialysis tube was analyzed for free amino acids with liquid chromatographic separation of ortophthaldialdehyde deriv...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490130403
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many regions of the rat central nervous system, oligodendrocytes develop from migratory A2B5+ precursor cells. In the rat spinal cord, during early embryonic development the capacity for oligodendrogenesis appears to be restricted to ventral regions of the spinal cord, while cultures of postnatal rat spinal cord co...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490370208
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persephin (PSP) is the most recently discovered member of the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors. We have used an RT-PCR approach to start addressing the putative functional significance of PSP by determining sites of its synthesis in the neonatal rat brain. Generally, two transcripts were found. Sequence analysis of...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980815)53:4<494::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine how oligodendrocytes die following Fas receptor activation. An immortalized human oligodendrocyte hybrid line (MO3.13) was challenged with Fas ligand (FasL), and cell death was assessed by flow cytometry and DNA gel electrophoresis. Caspase activation was determined by either...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10285
更新日期:2002-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although upregulation of ryanodine receptor (RyR)-1 and -2 is mediated through the activation of dopamine D1 receptors (D1DRs) in the development of psychostimulant-induced place preference, little is known about how such increased expressions of RyRs are negatively regulated. This study investigated negative regulato...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23058
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional MRI (fMRI) on spinal cord-injured rodents at 4 and 8 weeks post injury (PI) is described. The paradigm for fMRI, based on electrical stimulation of rat paws, was automated using an in-house designed microprocessor-based controller that was interfaced to a stimulator. The MR images were spatially normalized ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21030
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00