Abstract:
AIMS:Within the new psychoactive substances (NPS) scenario, several hundred different molecules, mostly including synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones, have been identified so far. The aims of the paper were to: (i) identify the number of synthetic cathinones mentioned in a range of psychonaut, NPS-related, online sources; and (ii) describe the associated acute/long term clinical scenario and the related treatment/management plan. METHODS:After about 18 months of operation and exclusion of false positives/duplicates, some 4204 unique NPS molecules were included in the NPSfinder® crawling/navigating software database. Most popular NPS included: 1265 psychedelic phenethylamines (30.1%; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 28.7-31.5%); 1253 synthetic cannabinoids (29.8%; CI 95%: 28.4-31.2%); 429 synthetic opioids (10.2%; CI 95%: 9.3-10.2%); and 171 synthetic cathinones (4.1%; CI 95% 3.5-4.7%). Conversely, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction databases respectively included 169 and 140 cathinones. Overall, the 3 databases reported some 222 synthetic cathinones, and 41 were uniquely identified by the NPSfinder®. RESULTS:In terms of clinical scenarios, synthetic cathinone ingestion is initially associated with stimulant effects; however, psychopathological disturbances, violence, suicidal behaviour, hyperthermia, coma and death have also been described. CONCLUSION:The proportion of cathinones commented on by psychonaut fora appeared to be relatively small, and similar to those reported by both the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. This may be associated with a recent significant decline in both cathinone-related consumption and acute medical presentation. Due to their complex behavioural and medical toxicity issues, healthcare professionals should be, however, be educated to recognise the signs and symptoms of NPS, including synthetic cathinone, ingestion.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Schifano F,Napoletano F,Arillotta D,Zangani C,Gilgar L,Guirguis A,Corkery JM,Vento Adoi
10.1111/bcp.14132subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-01 00:00:00pages
410-419issue
3eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1 A controlled trial of charcoal haemoperfusion as an early treatment for paracetamol overdose showed no benefit. 2 The plasma clearances of paracetamol by the charcoal column were variable and disappointingly small (range 4-119 ml/minute). The cumulative amounts removed were also low, mean 1.4 g (range 0.2-5.2 g). 3 ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1974.tb00249.x
更新日期:1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:It has been shown that the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of anthracyclines decrease with increasing cell density in vitro, an event termed 'the inocculum effect'. It is not known whether such an effect occurs in vivo. In this study the relationships between white blood cell (WBC) count, plasma and cellular conc...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03894.x
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of benzhexol on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of an oral dose of levodopa have been studied in 10 young healthy volunteers. Subjects were given a suspension of levodopa (250 mg) 90 min after either benzhexol (5 mg) or placebo in a randomized cross over design with doses separated by at least 1 wee...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.32311.x
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The in vitro metabolism of omeprazole was studied in human liver microsomes in order to define the secondary metabolic pathways and identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms responsible for the formation of the secondary metabolites of omeprazole. 2. The major secondary omeprazole metabolite was the hydroxysulpho...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04310.x
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The heart rate responses to increasing doses of isoprenaline (n = 6) (during infusion with atropine 0.5 mg/min i.v.) and noradrenaline (n = 5), (during infusion with phentolamine 160 mg/h i.v.) were recorded before and after the intravenous administration of propranolol (15 mg) or metoprolol (15 mg). 2 In the doses ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01911.x
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentration of chloroquine (CQ), dapsone (DDS) and pyrimethamine (PYR) in plasma and milk were measured following the coadministration of a single dose of chloroquine and Maloprim to lactating women. The milk to plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) ratio ranged from 1.96 to 4.26 for CQ, 0.22 to 0...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02967.x
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Seventeen men, aged 45-57 yr, with essential hypertension showed obvious and, in the standing position, dose-related reductions in blood pressure during treatment with oral labetalol with weekly dose increments. 2 Pulse rate changes were not related to dose but reduced compared with pre-treatment values. 3 No postur...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a dog model of partial myocardial ischaemia, superimposed ST segment elevations in epicardial ECGs were inhibited by nicardipine over a cumulative i.v. dose range of 1-20 micrograms kg-1. Over the cumulative i.v. dose range of 0.5-166.5 micrograms kg-1, nicardipine had little overall effect on gross cardiac conduct...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05142.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was to compare the hypotensive effects of a fixed combination of captopril (C) 50 mg and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg (C 50/HCTZ 25) once daily with those of a fixed combination of C 25 mg and HCTZ 12.5 mg (C 25/HCTZ 12.5) twice daily. We studied 199 pa...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb05622.x
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effects of ibuprofen (placebo, 400 and 800 mg rac-ibuprofen [Aktren], administered orally) on experimentally-induced tonic and phasic pain. 2. Eighteen volunteers participated in this randomized, double-blind, three-fold cross-over study. Measurements were o...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb05712.x
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To assess the antihistaminic activity of levocetirizine and fexofenadine 2 h and 24 h after drug administration using facial thermography and to compare the results with those using well-established parameters of antihistaminic activity in the nose and skin. METHODS:This was a randomized, double-blind, three-trea...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02647.x
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To examine the hypothesis that sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor that inhibits cGMP breakdown, could enhance nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation and reverse endothelial dysfunction in chronic smokers. METHODS:Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and forearm postischemic reactive hyperemia (...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01974.x
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We have studied the effects of age, sex and the oral contraceptive pill on platelet fibrinogen 'receptor' density (Bmax) and affinity (Kd). 2. [125I]-fibrinogen binding to gel-filtered platelets was assessed after stimulation with adenosine 5-diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin in 60 normal subjects; 37 females and 23 m...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb03994.x
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When using biopsy pathology in clinical pharmacology to assess drug efficacy in the gastrointestinal tract, a number of questions must be answered: Is the biopsy necessary or more effective than macroscopic views by endoscopy? Can we extract maximal information from the specimen? Are there surrogate serum or other mar...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01981.x
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:In experimental studies, morphine pharmacokinetics is different in the brain compared with other tissues due to the properties of the blood-brain barrier, including action of efflux pumps. It was hypothesized in this clinical study that active efflux of morphine occurs also in human brain, and that brain injury wo...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.02032.x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of the P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dabigatran etexilate (DE). METHOD:In this two part multiple crossover trial in 40 healthy subjects, DE 150 mg was given alone or with verapamil at different doses, duration of treatment (single vs. m...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04453.x
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist, ICS 205-930, has been reported to have potent effects on gastric smooth muscle and to enhance gastric emptying in animals, but findings in man have been inconsistent. 2. This study investigated the effects of ICS 205-930 on gastric emptying of an isotopically labelled ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of fluconazole after a single 100 mg i.v. dose were studied in 10 healthy subjects (5 M; 5 F) and 10 HIV-positive patients (8 M; 2 F). The mean value of plasma clearance was 25% lower in the patient groups (17 +/- 6 (s.d.) vs 23 +/- 4 ml min-1; 95% CI of difference -11 to -0.7; P < 0.05). This dif...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04325.x
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Continuous noninvasive blood pressure measurement by photoplethysmography has been regularly used in the experimental paradigm of angiotensin challenges, applied to the phase I clinical testing of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists. This work aims to evaluate the performa...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00049.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A bicycle exercise test was used to investigate functional capability and haemodynamics in 30 patients with heart failure (13 NYHA Class II, 17 Class III), before and after i.v. xamoterol (Corwin, Carwin, Corwil, Xamtol, ICI 118,587) 0.2 mg kg-1. 2. Resting heart rate fell from 78 to 74 beats min-1 (P less than 0.0...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This double-blind study in 60 hospitalized female patients comparing midazolam 15 mg, oxazepam 15 mg and placebo, demonstrated an inter-group difference in favour of midazolam with regard to efficacy. The sleep parameters of onset latency and duration were improved by midazolam. All three compounds were very well tole...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02288.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new anti-spasticity agent, brolitene, has been assessed in patients with spasticity of spinal or cerebral origin. Twenty-seven patients were entered in a double-blind cross-over trial lasting 6 weeks, using a fixed dose of six tablets (1200 mg brolitene) per day. Clinical assessment failed to show any therapeutic ef...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1976.tb00641.x
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Mycophenolic acid (MPA) suppresses lymphocyte proliferation through inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibition. Two formulations have been approved: mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS). Pantoprazole (PAN) inhibits gastric acid secretion, which may alter MPA expo...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/bcp.12664
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The effect of drugs acting on beta-adrenoceptors on the absorption and excretion of paracetamol was studied in 26 volunteers and nine patients with mild hypertension, each subject acting as his/her own control. 2 Isoprenaline given 30 min before paracetamol significantly slowed absorption, the effect being dose rela...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb00510.x
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Amiselimod (MT-1303) is a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 (S1P1 ) receptor modulator which is currently being developed for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. Unlike some other S1P receptor modulators, amiselimod seemed to show a favourable cardiac safety profile in preclinical, phase I and II studie...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/bcp.13203
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to determine the risk of myopathy in older people receiving statin therapy. METHODS:Eligible studies were identified searching Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane and PSYCHINFO databases (1987 to July 2014). The selection criteria comprised randomized controlled st...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.12687
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Herbal preparations containing atropine-like alkaloids are marketed as proprietory asthma remedies, typically in the form of cigarettes. 2 This randomised, cross-over study compares in six healthy volunteers the pharmacological effects caused by smoking a standard, medium tar, tobacco cigarette or a herbal cigarette...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01793.x
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:We investigated whether the deterioration in asthma control reported following cessation of theophylline was due to tolerance to theophylline. METHODS:Eighteen subjects with mild stable asthma were given oral theophylline 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) or placebo for 2 weeks in a double-blind crossover study. FEV1 and PD20...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.t01-1-00691.x
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Mexiletine has been reported to be hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) in humans. However, the involvement of CYP1A2 in the metabolism of mexiletine has been proposed based on the interaction with theophylline which is mainly metabolized by CYP1A2. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of human CY...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00048.x
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:There is a trend for more flexibility in timing of evidence generation in relation to marketing authorization, including the option to complete phase III trials after authorization or not at all. This paper investigated the relation between phase II and III clinical trial efficacy in oncology. METHODS:All oncolog...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.14237
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00