Abstract:
:Fear is a response to a known threat, anxiety is a response to a perceived threat. Both of these affective states can be detrimental to animal welfare in modern housing environments. In comparison to the well-validated tests for assessing fear in laying hens, tests for measuring anxiety are less developed. Perception of a threat can result in an attention bias that may indicate anxious affective states in individual hens following playback of an alarm call. In Experiment 1, an attention bias test was applied to hens that differed in their range access to show that hens that never ranged were more vigilant (stretching of the neck and looking around: P < 0.001) and slower to feed following the second alarm call playback (P = 0.01) compared with hens that ranged daily. All hens showed a reduction in comb temperature following the first alarm call (P < 0.001). In Experiment 2, an open field test was used to determine an effective dose of 2 mg/kg for the anxiogenic drug meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) in adult laying hens. Hens dosed with 2 mg/kg showed reduced locomotion compared with a saline solution (P < 0.05). In Experiment 3, 2 mg/kg m-CPP or saline was administered to adult hens previously habituated to the open field arena to pharmacologically validate an attention bias test as a measure of anxiety. Hens dosed with m-CPP were slower to feed (P = 0.02) and faster to vocalize following a second alarm call playback (P = 0.03) but these hens did not exhibit the same vigilance behavior as documented in Experiment 1. The m-CPP hens also spent more time stepping and vocalizing (both P < 0.001) than the saline hens. An attention bias test could be used to assess anxiety. However, behavioral responses of hens may vary depending on their age or test environment familiarity, thus further refinement of the test is required. In these tests, 2 mg/kg of m-CPP resulted in motionless behavior when the environment was novel, but more movement and vocalizing when the environment was familiar. The extreme behavioral phenotypes exhibited by individually-tested birds may both be indicators of negative states.
journal_name
PeerJjournal_title
PeerJauthors
Campbell DLM,Taylor PS,Hernandez CE,Stewart M,Belson S,Lee Cdoi
10.7717/peerj.7303subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-10 00:00:00pages
e7303issn
2167-8359pii
7303journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PeerJ文献大全abstract::A new genus with a new species of the tribe Hoplocampini of Hoplocampinae was described from China: Analcellicampa xanthosoma Wei & Niu, gen. et sp. nov.Hoplocampa danfengensis G. Xiao 1994 was designated as the type species of the new genus. The characters of Analcellicampa danfengensis (G. Xiao) comb. nov. were brie...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6866
更新日期:2019-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::The archaellum, the rotating motility structure of archaea, is best studied in the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. To better understand how assembly and rotation of this structure is driven, two ATP-binding proteins, FlaI and FlaH of the motor complex of the archaellum of the euryarchaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4984
更新日期:2018-06-18 00:00:00
abstract:Background:WRKY proteins play a vital role in the plants response to different stresses, growth and development. Studies of WRKY proteins have been mainly focused on model plant Arabidopsis and a few other vegetable plants. However, the systematical study of eggplant WRKY transcription factor superfamily is scarce. Me...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8777
更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) enables the measurement and comparison of gene expression with isoform-level quantification. Differences in the effect of each isoform may make traditional methods, which aggregate isoforms, ineffective. Here, we introduce a variance component-based test that can jointly test multiple isoforms...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3797
更新日期:2017-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Tethering a fly for stationary flight allows for exquisite control of its sensory input, such as visual or olfactory stimuli or a punishing infrared laser beam. A torque meter measures the turning attempts of the tethered fly around its vertical body axis. By punishing, say, left turning attempts (in a homogeneous env...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1971
更新日期:2016-04-25 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To explore whether unilateral relapse of Bechet's disease-associated uveitis (BDU) causes differences in the tear proteome between the diseased and the contralateral quiescent eye and potential tear biomarkers for uveitis recurrence and disease monitoring. Method:To minimize interindividual variations, bilater...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9250
更新日期:2020-06-19 00:00:00
abstract:Background:In horses and ponies numerous medical conditions are known to be linked with inflammation in different tissues, especially in the liver. Besides affecting other metabolic pathways such as the expression of certain interleukins (IL), inflammation is associated with stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8053
更新日期:2019-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Cholera, an acute enteric infection, is a serious health challenge in both the underdeveloped and the developing world. It is caused by Vibrio cholerae after ingestion of fecal contaminated food or water. Cholera outbreaks have recently been observed in regions facing natural calamities (i.e., earthquake in ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6223
更新日期:2019-06-19 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine with antifibrotic activity in wound healing. During the process of wound healing and fibrosis, fibroblasts are the key players. Although accumulating evidence has suggested the antagonistic effects of FGF2 in the activation process of fibrobl...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10671
更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial learning skills of high and low stress juvenile mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) were tested in a dichotomous choice apparatus. Groups of fish were formed based on background blood cortisol levels and required to learn the location of a food reward hidden in one of two compartments. Low stress fish charact...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3445
更新日期:2017-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum as a dietary probiotic supplement in fishmeal based diet on growth, gut microbiota and immune performance of marron (Cherax cainii). Marron were randomly distributed into two different treatment groups, control and probiotic fed group. After 42 days ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7553
更新日期:2019-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::The variation between the actual and perceived lightness of a stimulus has strong dependency on its background, a phenomena commonly known as lightness induction in the literature of visual neuroscience and psychology. For instance, a gray patch may perceptually appear to be darker in a background while it looks brigh...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5626
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Demand for lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) has increased exponentially over the last decade, both for their roe, which is used as a caviar substitute, and increasingly also as cleaner fish to control sea lice in salmon farming. The species is classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN and there are growing concerns that ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5974
更新日期:2018-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Reliable abundance estimates for species are fundamental in ecology, fisheries, and conservation. Consequently, predictive models able to provide reliable estimates for un- or poorly-surveyed locations would prove a valuable tool for management. Based on commonly used environmental and physical predictors, we develope...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4566
更新日期:2018-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionarily conserved Mediator complex is a critical player in regulating transcription. Comprised of approximately two dozen proteins, the Mediator integrates diverse regulatory signals through direct protein-protein interactions that, in turn, modulate the influence of Mediator on RNA Polymerase II activity. ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3390
更新日期:2017-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Permineralized peat from the central Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica has provided a wealth of information on plant and fungal diversity in Middle Triassic high-latitude forest paleoecosystems; however, there are no reports as yet of algae or cyanobacteria. The first record of a fossil filamentous cyanobacterium...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8660
更新日期:2020-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have seen a growing awareness of the role the immune system plays in successful cancer treatment, especially in novel therapies like immunotherapy. The characterization of the immunological composition of tumors and their micro-environment is thus becoming a necessity. In this paper we introduce a deep le...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6335
更新日期:2019-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Recent upperward migration of plants and animals along altitudinal gradients and poleward movement of animal range boundaries have been confirmed by many studies. This phenomenon is considered to be part of the fingerprint of recent climate change on the biosphere. Here I examine whether poleward movement is occurring...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.77
更新日期:2013-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::"Higher" termites have been able to colonize all tropical and subtropical regions because of their ability to digest lignocellulose with the aid of their prokaryotic gut microbiota. Over the last decade, numerous studies based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries have largely described both the taxonomy and structure o...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8614
更新日期:2020-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The eukaryotic polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) serves primarily as a regulator of alternative splicing of messenger RNA, but is also co-opted to other roles such as RNA localisation and translation initiation from internal ribosome entry sites. The neuronal paralogue of PTB (nPTB) is 75% identical in amino ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.305
更新日期:2014-03-13 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common cause of low back pain with degenerative spinal change in older adults. Telomeres are repetitive nucleoprotein DNA sequences of TTAGGG at the ends of chromosomes. Oxidative stress originates from an imbalance in pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis that results in ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5381
更新日期:2018-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Bioactive peptides can prevent damage associated with oxidative stress in humans when consumed regularly. Recently, peptides have attracted immense interest because of their beneficial functional properties, safety and little or no side effects when used at high concentration. Most antioxidant peptides are s...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5337
更新日期:2018-07-27 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:A literature review is presented that aims to summarize and compare current methods to evaluate sleep. Methods:Current sleep assessment methods have been classified according to different criteria; e.g., objective (polysomnography, actigraphy…) vs. subjective (sleep questionnaires, diaries…), contact vs. conta...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4849
更新日期:2018-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Recent improvements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies can facilitate the obtainment of mitochondrial genomes. However, it is not clear whether NGS could be effectively used to reconstruct the mitogenome with high gene rearrangement. These high rearrangements would cause amplification failure, and/or ass...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2786
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cytokines are fundamental for a functioning immune system, and thus potentially serve as important indicators of animal health. Quantitation of mRNA using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is an established immunological technique. It is particularly suitable for detecting the expr...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3840
更新日期:2017-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Since 2014, Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) has led to mass mortality of the majority of hard coral species on the Florida Reef Tract. Following the successful treatment of SCTLD lesions on laboratory corals using water dosed with antibiotics, two topical pastes were developed as vehicles to directly apply ant...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9289
更新日期:2020-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::The ichthyoplankton assemblage structure in the Yangtze Estuary was analyzed based on four springs in 1999, 2001, 2004 and 2007 in order to provide detailed characterizations of the ichthyoplankton assemblage in springs, examine the long-term dynamics of spring ichthyoplankton assemblages, and evaluate the influence o...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1186
更新日期:2015-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in sequencing techniques have led to exponential growth in biological data, demanding the development of large-scale bioinformatics experiments. Because these experiments are computation- and data-intensive, they require high-performance computing techniques and can benefit from specialized technologies such ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5551
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract:Background:BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are currently proven to be closely related to high lifetime risks of breast cancer. To date, the closely related genes to BRCA1/2 mutations in breast cancer remains to be fully elucidated. This study aims to identify the gene expression profiles and interaction networks influenced by BR...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8403
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Corbicula consists of estuarine or freshwater clams native to temperate/tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia that collectively encompass both sexual species and clonal (androgenetic) lineages. The latter have become globally invasive in freshwater systems and they represent some of the most succes...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7484
更新日期:2019-08-22 00:00:00