Abstract:
:Smoking is associated with shorter leucocyte telomere length (LTL), a biomarker of increased morbidity and reduced longevity. This association is widely interpreted as evidence that smoking causes accelerated LTL attrition in adulthood, but the evidence for this is inconsistent. We analysed the association between smoking and LTL dynamics in 18 longitudinal cohorts. The dataset included data from 12 579 adults (4678 current smokers and 7901 non-smokers) over a mean follow-up interval of 8.6 years. Meta-analysis confirmed a cross-sectional difference in LTL between smokers and non-smokers, with mean LTL 84.61 bp shorter in smokers (95% CI: 22.62 to 146.61). However, LTL attrition was only 0.51 bp yr-1 faster in smokers than in non-smokers (95% CI: -2.09 to 1.08), a difference that equates to only 1.32% of the estimated age-related loss of 38.33 bp yr-1. Assuming a linear effect of smoking, 167 years of smoking would be required to generate the observed cross-sectional difference in LTL. Therefore, the difference in LTL between smokers and non-smokers is extremely unlikely to be explained by a linear, causal effect of smoking. Selective adoption, whereby individuals with short telomeres are more likely to start smoking, needs to be considered as a more plausible explanation for the observed pattern of telomere dynamics.
journal_name
R Soc Open Scijournal_title
Royal Society open scienceauthors
Bateson M,Aviv A,Bendix L,Benetos A,Ben-Shlomo Y,Bojesen SE,Cooper C,Cooper R,Deary IJ,Hägg S,Harris SE,Kark JD,Kronenberg F,Kuh D,Labat C,Martin-Ruiz CM,Meyer C,Nordestgaard BG,Penninx BWJH,Pepper GV,Révész D,Sdoi
10.1098/rsos.190420subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-06-05 00:00:00pages
190420issue
6issn
2054-5703pii
rsos190420journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In this paper, we establish the explicit connection between deterministic trait-based population-level models (in the form of partial differential equations) and species-level models (in the form of ordinary differential equations), in the context of eco-evolutionary systems. In particular, by starting from a populati...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200321
更新日期:2020-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::In several group-living species, individuals' social preferences are thought to be influenced by cooperation. For some societies with fission-fusion dynamics, sex-specific association patterns reflect sex differences in cooperation in within- and between-group contexts. In our study, we investigated this hypothesis fu...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.161081
更新日期:2017-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::Biomedical device-associated infection (BAI) and lack of osseointegration are the main causes of implant failure. Therefore, it is imperative for implants not only to depress microbial activity and biofilm colonization but also to prompt osteoblast functions and osseointegration. As part of the coating development for...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.172310
更新日期:2018-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::In order to explore the factors affecting coal spontaneous combustion, the fractal characteristics of coal samples are tested, and a pore-scale model for oxygen adsorption in coal porous media is developed based on self-similar fractal model. The liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments show that the coal samples indica...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191337
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Animals are predicted to selectively observe and learn from the conspecifics with whom they share social connections. Yet, hardly anything is known about the role of different connections in observation and learning. To address the relationships between social connections, observation and learning, we investigated tra...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160256
更新日期:2016-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Soil detritivores such as Collembola impact plant growth, tissue nutrient concentration and gene expression. Using a model system with pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) microcuttings that display a typical endogenous rhythmic growth with alternating shoot (SF) and root flushes (RF), we investigated the transcriptomic re...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181869
更新日期:2019-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Frugal products possess a proper mix of features including minimal consumption of resources, good functionality under nominal conditions and low cost. Therefore, increasing use of frugal products, that are designed and also fabricated systematically, is crucial to all-round sustainable development. However, their low ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.192057
更新日期:2020-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a study of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films hydrothermally grown on a dome-shaped titanium diaphragm. Few articles in the literature address the implementation of hydrothermal PZT films on curved-diaphragm substrates for resonators. In this study, a 50-μm-thick titanium sheet is embossed using b...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171363
更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The great amount of solid particles contained in a weighting agent is a major cause of the problems in both rheology properties and damage control mechanism of an oil-based drilling fluid (OBM). Therefore, a proper type of weighting agent can be a solution for the application of OBM. In this study, three weighting age...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180358
更新日期:2018-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Hierarchical VOOH hollow spheres with low crystallinity composed of nanoparticles were prepared by a facile and template-free method, which involved a precipitation of precursor microspheres in aqueous solution at room temperature and subsequent hydrothermal reaction. Quasi-solid-state symmetric and asymmetric superca...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171768
更新日期:2018-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a severe complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. There is a growing understanding of cGVHD, and several effective therapies for cGVHD have been reported. However, pancreatic cGVHD is a potentially untapped study field. Our thought-provoking stud...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181067
更新日期:2018-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171563.]. ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1098/rsos.200115
更新日期:2020-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::We introduce 14 articles published as part of the 'New talent' special collection of invited articles to showcase some of the exciting work being funded by the Royal Society. As Royal Society University Research Fellows or Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship holders, the contributors to this collection are rising stars in thei...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181141
更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Microwave absorption (MA) materials with high heat resistance have a wide range of applications in many fields. In this work, a C,N-codoped MoSi2 ceramic was prepared via a facile solid-phase reaction method and its MA properties was investigated. On the one hand, the results indicate that this ceramic possesses excel...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200740
更新日期:2020-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis and cationization with epoxypropyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride of wheat protein, an economic protein complex containing great amount of disulfide bonds, were conducted to improve properties such as solubility and disassociation behaviour for recovery of damaged hair when used in...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171216
更新日期:2018-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::The study of the evolution of abiotic niches can be informative regarding the speciation drivers in a given group. Yet, two factors that could potentially affect niche evolution have seldom been addressed concomitantly, which are biotic interactions and geographical isolation. In this study, we used as a model group t...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170293
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Like most ectothermic vertebrates, keelback snakes (Tropidonophis mairii) do not exhibit parental care. Thus, offspring must possess an immune system capable of dealing with challenges such as pathogens, without assistance from an attendant parent. We know very little about immune system characteristics of neonatal re...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160041
更新日期:2016-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Bears produce the most altricial neonates of any placental mammal. We hypothesized that the transition from colostrum to mature milk in bears reflects a temporal and biochemical adaptation for altricial development and immune protection. Comparison of bear milks with milks of other eutherians yielded distinctive prote...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.150395
更新日期:2015-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Interlocutors converge on names to refer to entities. For example, a speaker might refer to a novel looking object as the jellyfish and, once identified, the listener will too. The hypothesized mechanism behind such referential precedents is a subject of debate. The common ground view claims that listeners register th...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160827
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Ants build complex nest structures by reacting to simple, local stimuli. While underground nests result from the space generated by digging, some leaf- and grass-cutting ants also construct conspicuous aboveground turrets around nest openings. We investigated whether the selection of specific building materials occurs...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.201312
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Social insects live in dense groups with a high probability of disease transmission and have therefore faced strong pressures to develop defences against pathogens. For this reason, social insects have been hypothesized to invest in antimicrobial secretions as a mechanism of external immunity to prevent the spread of ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171332
更新日期:2018-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181356.]. ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1098/rsos.181855
更新日期:2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::Waterfalls are conspicuous geomorphological features with heterogeneous structure, complex dynamics and multiphase flows. Swifts, dippers and starlings are well-known to nest behind waterfalls, and have been reported to fly through them. For smaller fliers, by contrast, waterfalls seem to represent impenetrable barrie...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.201185
更新日期:2020-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::The settlement of reef-building corals is critical to the survival and recovery of reefs. Recent evidence indicates that coral larvae orient towards reef sound, yet the components of the acoustic environment that may attract coral larvae and induce settlement are unknown. Here we investigated the effects of ambient so...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181358
更新日期:2018-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study reported on a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in a largely Inuit village. Among newly infected individuals, exposure to additional active cases was associated with an increasing probability of developing active disease within a year. Using binomial risk models, we evaluated two potential mechanisms by which ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180999
更新日期:2019-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Herbaria archive a record of changes of worldwide plant biodiversity harbouring millions of specimens that contain DNA suitable for genome sequencing. To profit from this resource, it is fundamental to understand in detail the process of DNA degradation in herbarium specimens. We investigated patterns of DNA fragmenta...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160239
更新日期:2016-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Volatile essential oils (EOs), non-volatile rutin (RU), quercetin (QU), kaempferol (KA) and isorhamnetin (IS) were effectively extracted and isolated from seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves by ionic liquid-based ultrasound/microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation extraction (ILUMASDE). After optimizatio...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180133
更新日期:2018-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Data on personality for long-lived, highly social wild mammals with high cognitive abilities are rare. We investigated the personality structure of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) by using a large sample of semi-captive timber elephants in Myanmar. Data were collected during 2014-2017 using questionnaires, for which...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.172026
更新日期:2018-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptive significance of zebra stripes has thus far eluded understanding. Many explanations have been suggested, including social cohesion, thermoregulation, predation evasion and avoidance of biting flies. Identifying the associations between phenotypic and environmental factors is essential for testing these hyp...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.140452
更新日期:2015-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::The persistence of homological features in simplicial complex representations of big datasets in R n resulting from Vietoris-Rips or Čech filtrations is commonly used to probe the topological structure of such datasets. In this paper, the notion of homological pers...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160228
更新日期:2016-10-26 00:00:00