Abstract:
:Social insects live in dense groups with a high probability of disease transmission and have therefore faced strong pressures to develop defences against pathogens. For this reason, social insects have been hypothesized to invest in antimicrobial secretions as a mechanism of external immunity to prevent the spread of disease. However, empirical studies linking the evolution of sociality with increased investment in antimicrobials have been relatively few. Here we quantify the strength of antimicrobial secretions among 20 ant species that cover a broad spectrum of ant diversity and colony sizes. We extracted external compounds from ant workers to test whether they inhibited the growth of the bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis. Because all ant species are highly social, we predicted that all species would exhibit some antimicrobial activity and that species that form the largest colonies would exhibit the strongest antimicrobial response. Our comparative approach revealed that strong surface antimicrobials are common to particular ant clades, but 40% of species exhibited no antimicrobial activity at all. We also found no correlation between antimicrobial activity and colony size. Rather than relying on antimicrobial secretions as external immunity to control pathogen spread, many ant species have probably developed alternative strategies to defend against disease pressure.
journal_name
R Soc Open Scijournal_title
Royal Society open scienceauthors
Penick CA,Halawani O,Pearson B,Mathews S,López-Uribe MM,Dunn RR,Smith AAdoi
10.1098/rsos.171332subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-07 00:00:00pages
171332issue
2issn
2054-5703pii
rsos171332journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The black marlin (Istiompax indica) is a highly migratory billfish that occupies waters throughout the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific. To characterize the vertical habitat use of I. indica, we examined the temperature-depth profiles collected using 102 pop-up satellite archival tags deployed off the east coast ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170694
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent works revealed that the energy required to control a complex network depends on the number of driving signals and the energy distribution follows an algebraic scaling law. If one implements control using a small number of drivers, e.g. as determined by the structural controllability theory, there is a high prob...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160064
更新日期:2016-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Organisms continuously acquire and process information from surrounding cues. While some cues complement one another in delivering more reliable information, others may provide conflicting information. How organisms extract and use reliable information from a multitude of cues is largely unknown. We examined movement ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.150009
更新日期:2015-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::A polycarboxylic/ether composite polymer electrolyte derived from two-arm monomer and polyethylene oxide (PEO) was in situ synthesized on the cathode. The composite electrolyte exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 3.6 × 10-5 S cm-1, high oxidation stability, excellent stability towards Li metal and makes Li/LiFePO4 p...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200598
更新日期:2020-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::At present, many modification methods have been proposed to improve the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). In this study, tests on the compressive strength and damping properties of modified RAC with the addition of different proportions of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) (0, 50, 100%), rubber powder (1...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190813
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland contains the first exceptionally preserved mat-ground community of the Cambrian, dominated, in terms of abundance, by trilobites but particularly characterized by iconic arthropods and lobopods, some also occurring in the Burgess shale. High-resolution photography, scan...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160420
更新日期:2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Abemaciclib (Verzenio®) is approved as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for breast cancer treatment. In this study, in vitro phase I metabolic profiling of Abemaciclib (ABC) was done using rat liver microsomes (RLMs). We checked the formation of reactive intermediates in ABC metabolism using RLMs in the presence of p...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181714
更新日期:2019-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::We simulate an actin filament as an automaton network. Every atom takes two or three states and updates its state, in discrete time, depending on a ratio of its neighbours in some selected state. All atoms/automata simultaneously update their states by the same rule. Two state transition rules are considered. In semi-...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181198
更新日期:2019-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::In order to explore the factors affecting coal spontaneous combustion, the fractal characteristics of coal samples are tested, and a pore-scale model for oxygen adsorption in coal porous media is developed based on self-similar fractal model. The liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments show that the coal samples indica...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191337
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::The pod-shaped TiO2 nano burst tubes (TiO2 NBTs) were prepared by the combination of electrospinning and impregnation calcination with oxalic acid (H2C2O4), polystyrene (PS) and tetrabutyl titanate. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were loaded onto the surface of TiO2 NBTs by ultraviolet light reduction method to prep...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191019
更新日期:2019-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180442.]. ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1098/rsos.181629
更新日期:2018-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::The mesoporous silicate molecular sieves were synthesized with polyether F127 as the template by the aerosol-assisted method for loading and release of ibuprofen (IBU). The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-deso...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200650
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::The Internet not only has changed the dynamics of our collective attention but also through the transactional log of online activities, provides us with the opportunity to study attention dynamics at scale. In this paper, we particularly study attention to aircraft incidents and accidents using Wikipedia transactional...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160460
更新日期:2016-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::This study proposes a probabilistic approach for the quantitative assessment of reach- and network-scale hydrological connectivity as dictated by river flow space-time variability. Spatial dynamics of daily streamflows are estimated based on climatic and morphological features of the contributing catchment, integratin...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181428
更新日期:2019-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The morphology and ultrastructure of the shells of two balanid species have been examined, paying special attention to the three types of boundaries between plates: (i) radii-parietes, (ii) alae-sheaths, and (iii) parietes-basal plate. At the carinal surfaces of the radii and at the rostral surfaces of the alae, there...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190458
更新日期:2019-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to obtain an electrochemical device between the electrostatic interaction of the electropolymerized porphyrin {CoTPyP[RuCl3(dppb)]4}, where TPyP = 5,10,15, 20-tetrapyridilphorphyrin and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPsn-), to be used as a voltammetric sen...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170675
更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that appears in all age groups and affects approximately 15-30% of people. Baicalin has been used for the treatment of various allergic diseases, including AR. However, the metabolic mechanisms of AR and baicalin against AR have not been systematically studied. Here, o...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181081
更新日期:2019-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::Archosauria (birds, crocodilians and their extinct relatives) form a major part of terrestrial ecosystems today, with over 10 000 living species, and came to dominate the land for most of the Mesozoic (over 150 Myr) after radiating following the Permian-Triassic extinction. The archosaur skull has been essential to th...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200116
更新日期:2020-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Vocal pitch is used as an important communicative device by humans, as found in the melodic dimension of both speech and song. Vocal pitch is determined by the degree of tension in the vocal folds of the larynx, which itself is influenced by complex and nonlinear interactions among the laryngeal muscles. The relations...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.172208
更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper develops a closed-form approximate solution for a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture whose behaviour is determined by an interplay of three competing physical processes that are associated with fluid viscosity, fracture toughness and fluid leak-off. The primary assumption that permits one to construct the solu...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160737
更新日期:2016-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::The copper-containing nitrite reductases (CuNIRs) are a class of enzymes that mediate the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide in biological systems. Metal-ligand complexes that reproduce the salient features of the active site of CuNIRs are therefore of fundamental interest, both for elucidating the possible mode of ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170593
更新日期:2017-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we investigate the concept of the targeted delivery of pharmaceutical drug aerosols in an anatomically realistic geometry of the human upper and central respiratory system. The geometry considered extends from the mouth inlet to the eighth generation of the bronchial bifurcations and is identical...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170873
更新日期:2017-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::Living kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos (Macropodoidea) constitute the most ecologically diverse radiation of Australasian marsupials. Indeed, even their hallmark bipedal hopping gait has been variously modified for bounding, walking and climbing. However, the origins of this locomotory adaptability are uncertai...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181617
更新日期:2019-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140292.]. ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1098/rsos.150193
更新日期:2015-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::Robust imaging techniques for tracking insects have been essential tools in numerous laboratory and field studies on pests, beneficial insects and model systems. Recent innovations in optical imaging systems and associated signal processing have enabled detailed characterization of nocturnal mosquito behaviour around ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191951
更新日期:2020-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::A global response function (GRF) of an elastic network is introduced as a generalization of the response function (RF) of a rigid network, relating the average flow along the network with the pressure difference at its extremes. The GRF can be used to explore the frequency behaviour of a fluid confined in a tree-like ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190661
更新日期:2019-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Animals living in complex environments experience differing risks of predation depending upon their location within the landscape. An animal could reduce the risk it experiences by remaining in a refuge site, but it may need to emerge from its refuge and enter more dangerous sites for feeding and other activities. Her...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160910
更新日期:2017-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::A novel reference film was characterized to improve the oxygen gas transmission measurement accuracy of plastic materials for pharmaceutical packaging. The material processing, homogeneity, stability, jointly determined value and uncertainty evaluation were discussed. The film is the first reference film characterized...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190142
更新日期:2019-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Strategic microhabitat selection allows animals in seasonally cold environments to reduce homeostatic energy costs, particularly overnight when thermoregulatory demands are greatest. Suitable sleeping areas may therefore represent important resources for winter survival. Knowledge of microhabitat use and potential imp...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181113
更新日期:2018-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Group living animals may eavesdrop on signalling interactions between conspecifics and integrate it with their own past social experience in order to optimize the use of relevant information from others. However, little is known about this interplay between public (eavesdropped) and private social information. To inve...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.150220
更新日期:2015-08-26 00:00:00