Natural barriers: waterfall transit by small flying animals.

Abstract:

:Waterfalls are conspicuous geomorphological features with heterogeneous structure, complex dynamics and multiphase flows. Swifts, dippers and starlings are well-known to nest behind waterfalls, and have been reported to fly through them. For smaller fliers, by contrast, waterfalls seem to represent impenetrable barriers, but associated physical constraints and the kinematic responses of volant animals during transit are unknown. Here, we describe the flight behaviour of hummingbirds (the sister group to the swifts) and of various insect taxa as they fly through an artificial sheet waterfall. We additionally launched plastic balls at different speeds at the waterfall so as to assess the inertial dependence of sheet penetration. Hummingbirds were able to penetrate the waterfall with reductions in both their translational speed, and stroke amplitude. The body tilted more vertically and exhibited greater rotations in roll, pitch and yaw, along with increases in tail spread and pitch. The much smaller plastic balls and some flies moving at speeds greater than 2.3 m s-1 and 1.6 m s-1, respectively, also overcame effects of surface tension and water momentum and passed through the waterfall; objects with lower momentum, by contrast, entered the sheet but then fell along with the moving water. Waterfalls can thus represent impenetrable physical barriers for small and slow animal fliers, and may also serve to exclude both predators and parasites from nests of some avian taxa.

journal_name

R Soc Open Sci

authors

Ortega-Jimenez VM,Herbst EC,Leung MS,Dudley R

doi

10.1098/rsos.201185

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-08-19 00:00:00

pages

201185

issue

8

issn

2054-5703

pii

rsos201185

journal_volume

7

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Reducing language to rhythm: Amazonian Bora drummed language exploits speech rhythm for long-distance communication.

    abstract::Many drum communication systems around the world transmit information by emulating tonal and rhythmic patterns of spoken languages in sequences of drumbeats. Their rhythmic characteristics, in particular, have not been systematically studied so far, although understanding them represents a rare occasion for providing ...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.170354

    authors: Seifart F,Meyer J,Grawunder S,Dentel L

    更新日期:2018-04-25 00:00:00

  • Optimization of sand casting performance parameters and missing data prediction.

    abstract::Due to a wide range of applications, sand casting occupies an important position in modern casting practice. The main purpose of this study was to optimize the performance parameters of sand casting based on grey relational analysis and predict the missing data using back propagation (BP) neural network. First, the in...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.181860

    authors: Xu Q,Xu K,Li L,Yao X

    更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00

  • An approximate solution for a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture that accounts for fracture toughness, fluid viscosity and leak-off.

    abstract::This paper develops a closed-form approximate solution for a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture whose behaviour is determined by an interplay of three competing physical processes that are associated with fluid viscosity, fracture toughness and fluid leak-off. The primary assumption that permits one to construct the solu...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.160737

    authors: Dontsov EV

    更新日期:2016-12-07 00:00:00

  • Exploration adjustment by ant colonies.

    abstract::How do animals in groups organize their work? Division of labour, i.e. the process by which individuals within a group choose which tasks to perform, has been extensively studied in social insects. Variability among individuals within a colony seems to underpin both the decision over which tasks to perform and the amo...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.150533

    authors: Doran C,Stumpe MC,Sendova-Franks A,Franks NR

    更新日期:2016-01-27 00:00:00

  • A Brücke-Bartley effect for contrast.

    abstract::Accurate derivation of the psychophysical (a.k.a. transducer) function from just-notable differences requires accurate knowledge of the relationship between the mean and variance of apparent intensities. Alternatively, a psychophysical function can be derived from estimates of the average between easily discriminable ...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.180171

    authors: Solomon JA,Tyler CW

    更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00

  • Metabolomics analysis of baicalin on ovalbumin-sensitized allergic rhinitis rats.

    abstract::Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that appears in all age groups and affects approximately 15-30% of people. Baicalin has been used for the treatment of various allergic diseases, including AR. However, the metabolic mechanisms of AR and baicalin against AR have not been systematically studied. Here, o...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.181081

    authors: Chen S,Chen G,Shu S,Xu Y,Ma X

    更新日期:2019-02-20 00:00:00

  • Effects of azo dye on simultaneous biological removal of azo dye and nutrients in wastewater.

    abstract::The potential disrupting effects of Azo dye on wastewater nutrients removal deserved more analysis. In this study, 15 days exposure experiments were conducted with alizarin yellow R (AYR) as a model dye to determine whether the dye caused adverse effects on biological removal of both the dye and nutrients in acclimate...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.180795

    authors: Chen A,Yang B,Zhou Y,Sun Y,Ding C

    更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00

  • Social flocculation in plant-animal worms.

    abstract::Individual animals can often move more safely or more efficiently as members of a group. This can be as simple as safety in numbers or as sophisticated as aerodynamic or hydrodynamic cooperation. Here, we show that individual plant-animal worms (Symsagittifera roscoffensis) can move to safety more quickly through floc...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.181626

    authors: Worley A,Sendova-Franks AB,Franks NR

    更新日期:2019-03-20 00:00:00

  • A promising material for bone repair: PMMA bone cement modified by dopamine-coated strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate particles.

    abstract::Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has been widely used in clinics as bone repair materials for its excellent mechanical properties and good injection properties. However, it also has defects such as poor biological performance, high temperature, and the monomer has certain toxicity. Our study tried to modify ...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.191028

    authors: Liu X,Cheng C,Peng X,Xiao H,Guo C,Wang X,Li L,Yu X

    更新日期:2019-10-02 00:00:00

  • A pair of non-optimal codons are necessary for the correct biosynthesis of the Aspergillus nidulans urea transporter, UreA.

    abstract::In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, synonymous codons are unevenly used. Such differential usage of optimal or non-optimal codons has been suggested to play a role in the control of translation initiation and elongation, as well as at the level of transcription and mRNA stability. In the case of membrane prote...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.190773

    authors: Sanguinetti M,Iriarte A,Amillis S,Marín M,Musto H,Ramón A

    更新日期:2019-11-13 00:00:00

  • Persistent homology in graph power filtrations.

    abstract::The persistence of homological features in simplicial complex representations of big datasets in R n resulting from Vietoris-Rips or Čech filtrations is commonly used to probe the topological structure of such datasets. In this paper, the notion of homological pers...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.160228

    authors: Parks AD,Marchette DJ

    更新日期:2016-10-26 00:00:00

  • Numerical simulations of targeted delivery of magnetic drug aerosols in the human upper and central respiratory system: a validation study.

    abstract::In the present study, we investigate the concept of the targeted delivery of pharmaceutical drug aerosols in an anatomically realistic geometry of the human upper and central respiratory system. The geometry considered extends from the mouth inlet to the eighth generation of the bronchial bifurcations and is identical...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.170873

    authors: Kenjereš S,Tjin JL

    更新日期:2017-12-06 00:00:00

  • Mothers may shape the variations in social organization among gorillas.

    abstract::When mothers continue to support their offspring beyond infancy, they can influence the fitness of those offspring, the strength of social relationships within their groups, and the life-history traits of their species. Using up to 30 years of demographic data from 58 groups of gorillas in two study sites, this study ...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.160533

    authors: Robbins AM,Gray M,Breuer T,Manguette M,Stokes EJ,Uwingeli P,Mburanumwe I,Kagoda E,Robbins MM

    更新日期:2016-10-19 00:00:00

  • Effects of thermal treatment on the properties of defatted soya bean flour and its adhesion to plywood.

    abstract::With an attempt to economically and efficiently improve the water resistance of defatted soya bean flour (DSF)-based wood adhesives, DSF was subjected to thermal treatment at various temperatures (65°C, 80°C, 95°C, 110°C and 125°C) for 30 min. The effects of thermal treatment temperature onto the chemical structure, c...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.180015

    authors: Zhang BH,Fan B,Li M,Zhang YH,Gao ZH

    更新日期:2018-05-02 00:00:00

  • Effect of the second-step voltages on the structural and corrosion properties of silicon-calcium-phosphate (Si-CaP) coatings on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy.

    abstract::The applications of magnesium (Mg) alloys as biodegradable orthopedic implants are mainly restricted due to their rapid degradation rate in the physiological environment. In this study, Si-CaP micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on a Mg-Zn-Ca alloy by a second-step MAO process at different voltages in ord...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.172410

    authors: Dou J,Zhao Y,Lu L,Gu G,Yu H,Chen C

    更新日期:2018-10-10 00:00:00

  • An electronic device based on gold nanoparticles and tetraruthenated porphyrin as an electrochemical sensor for catechol.

    abstract::The aim of this study was to obtain an electrochemical device between the electrostatic interaction of the electropolymerized porphyrin {CoTPyP[RuCl3(dppb)]4}, where TPyP = 5,10,15, 20-tetrapyridilphorphyrin and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPsn-), to be used as a voltammetric sen...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.170675

    authors: Sousa LM,Vilarinho LM,Ribeiro GH,Bogado AL,Dinelli LR

    更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00

  • Hydrological controls on river network connectivity.

    abstract::This study proposes a probabilistic approach for the quantitative assessment of reach- and network-scale hydrological connectivity as dictated by river flow space-time variability. Spatial dynamics of daily streamflows are estimated based on climatic and morphological features of the contributing catchment, integratin...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.181428

    authors: Garbin S,Celegon EA,Fanton P,Botter G

    更新日期:2019-02-13 00:00:00

  • The relationship between substrate morphology and biological performances of nano-silver-loaded dopamine coatings on titanium surfaces.

    abstract::Biomedical device-associated infection (BAI) and lack of osseointegration are the main causes of implant failure. Therefore, it is imperative for implants not only to depress microbial activity and biofilm colonization but also to prompt osteoblast functions and osseointegration. As part of the coating development for...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.172310

    authors: Zhang W,Wang S,Ge S,Chen J,Ji P

    更新日期:2018-04-11 00:00:00

  • Dust evolution, a global view: III. Core/mantle grains, organic nano-globules, comets and surface chemistry.

    abstract::Within the framework of The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model for Interstellar Solids (THEMIS), this work explores the surface processes and chemistry relating to core/mantle interstellar and cometary grain structures and their influence on the nature of these fascinating particles. It appears that a realistic consid...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.160224

    authors: Jones AP

    更新日期:2016-12-14 00:00:00

  • Social networks predict selective observation and information spread in ravens.

    abstract::Animals are predicted to selectively observe and learn from the conspecifics with whom they share social connections. Yet, hardly anything is known about the role of different connections in observation and learning. To address the relationships between social connections, observation and learning, we investigated tra...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.160256

    authors: Kulahci IG,Rubenstein DI,Bugnyar T,Hoppitt W,Mikus N,Schwab C

    更新日期:2016-07-13 00:00:00

  • Neutral genetic variation in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) affects brain-to-body trade-off and brain laterality.

    abstract::Low levels of heterozygosity can have detrimental effects on life history and growth characteristics of organisms but more subtle effects such as those on trade-offs of expensive tissues and morphological laterality, especially of the brain, have not been explicitly tested. The objective of the current study was to in...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.170989

    authors: Wiper ML,Lehnert SJ,Heath DD,Higgs DM

    更新日期:2017-12-06 00:00:00

  • Correction to 'A DFT investigation of the blue bottle experiment: E° half-cell analysis of autoxidation catalysed by redox indicators'.

    abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171563.]. ...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 已发布勘误

    doi:10.1098/rsos.200115

    authors: Limpanuparb T,Roongruangsree P,Areekul C

    更新日期:2020-02-05 00:00:00

  • Deletion/loss of bone morphogenetic protein 7 changes tooth morphology and function in Mus musculus: implications for dental evolution in mammals.

    abstract::Quantifying regulatory gene effects on dental morphology and function has implications for the underlying mechanisms that generated dental diversity in mammals. We tested the hypothesis that regulatory gene expression changes lead to differences in molars using a neural crest knockout of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.170761

    authors: Zurowski C,Jamniczky H,Graf D,Theodor J

    更新日期:2018-01-03 00:00:00

  • Difluoromethanesulfonyl hypervalent iodonium ylides for electrophilic difluoromethylthiolation reactions under copper catalysis.

    abstract::Difluoromethanesulfonyl hypervalent iodonium ylides 2 were developed as electrophilic difluoromethylthiolation reagents for a wide range of nucleophiles. Enamines, indoles, β-keto esters, silyl enol ethers and pyrroles were effectively reacted with 2 affording desired difluoromethylthio (SCF2H)-substituted compounds i...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.160102

    authors: Arimori S,Matsubara O,Takada M,Shiro M,Shibata N

    更新日期:2016-05-25 00:00:00

  • Group size and visitor numbers predict faecal glucocorticoid concentrations in zoo meerkats.

    abstract::Measures of physiological stress in zoo animals can give important insights into how they are affected by aspects of their captive environment. We analysed the factors influencing variation in glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces (fGCs) from zoo meerkats as a proxy for blood cortisol concentration, high levels of whic...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.161017

    authors: Scott K,Heistermann M,Cant MA,Vitikainen EIK

    更新日期:2017-04-19 00:00:00

  • Modification of wheat gluten for improvement of binding capacity with keratin in hair.

    abstract::In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis and cationization with epoxypropyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride of wheat protein, an economic protein complex containing great amount of disulfide bonds, were conducted to improve properties such as solubility and disassociation behaviour for recovery of damaged hair when used in...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.171216

    authors: Wang S,Meng D,Wang S,Zhang Z,Yang R,Zhao W

    更新日期:2018-02-07 00:00:00

  • Towards hydrophobic carminic acid derivatives and their incorporation in polyacrylates.

    abstract::Carminic acid, a natural hydrophilic dye extensively used in the food and cosmetic industries, is converted in hydrophobic dyes by acetylation or pivaloylation. These derivatives are successfully used as biocolourants for rubber objects. In this paper, spectroscopic properties of the carminic acid derivatives in dimet...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.172399

    authors: Gabrielli L,Origgi D,Zampella G,Bertini L,Bonetti S,Vaccaro G,Meinardi F,Simonutti R,Cipolla L

    更新日期:2018-07-04 00:00:00

  • A modern method of multiple working hypotheses to improve inference in ecology.

    abstract::Science provides a method to learn about the relationships between observed patterns and the processes that generate them. However, inference can be confounded when an observed pattern cannot be clearly and wholly attributed to a hypothesized process. Over-reliance on traditional single-hypothesis methods (i.e. null h...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.200231

    authors: Yanco SW,McDevitt A,Trueman CN,Hartley L,Wunder MB

    更新日期:2020-06-03 00:00:00

  • Functional cervicothoracic boundary modified by anatomical shifts in the neck of giraffes.

    abstract::Here we examined the kinematic function of the morpho- logically unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes. The first thoracic vertebra of the giraffe displayed similar shape to the seventh cervical vertebra in general ruminants. The flexion experiment using giraffe carcasses demonstrated that the first thoracic vert...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.150604

    authors: Gunji M,Endo H

    更新日期:2016-02-03 00:00:00

  • How successful are mutants in multiplayer games with fluctuating environments? Sojourn times, fixation and optimal switching.

    abstract::Using a stochastic model, we investigate the probability of fixation, and the average time taken to achieve fixation, of a mutant in a population of wild-types. We do this in a context where the environment in which the competition takes place is subject to stochastic change. Our model takes into account interactions ...

    journal_title:Royal Society open science

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1098/rsos.172176

    authors: Baron JW,Galla T

    更新日期:2018-03-21 00:00:00