Abstract:
:Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Unfortunately, most patients of LC present at the advanced stage of the disease with a poor prognosis and 1-year survival of less than 20%. At the advanced stage of the disease, surgical resection cannot be possible, hence small biopsy or cytology specimens remain a choice for their correct diagnosis. The recognition of molecular drivers has revolutionized the treatment paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations were identified, first, to be targeted in NSCLC followed by activating fusions in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and rearrangements in c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) genes. In addition, the encouraging progress of immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC has been associated with predictive biomarker testing in the form of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry assay. To test for these alterations, accurate biomarker testing is needed from biopsy or cytology specimens. In this brief review, testing of biomarkers is discussed using cytology specimens.
journal_name
J Cytoljournal_title
Journal of cytologyauthors
Jain Ddoi
10.4103/JOC.JOC_135_18subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-01 00:00:00pages
124-127issue
2eissn
0970-9371issn
0974-5165pii
JCytol-36-124journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign adnexal tumor of sweat glands with microscopic resemblance to the salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. Cytology is rarely utilized for preoperative assessment of these slow-growing, small, nodular lesions. Definitive cytological diagnosis is also quite difficult, and majority of the...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.145659
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Context:Intraoperative pathological assessment provides valuable information in a patient's diagnosis and management. Touch imprint/crush cytology is simple, rapid, and cost-effective. Also, imprint smears give excellent cytomorphology. Aims:To assess the utility and feasibility of intraoperative cytology technique as...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/JOC.JOC_94_19
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been shown that cigarette smoking as well as diabetes mellitus can produce cytomorphometric alterations in oral epithelial cells with the significant increase in the nuclear area (NA) and significant decrease in the cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio in comparison to healthy control. However, the synergistic e...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.112653
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Skin adnexal neoplasms are relatively rare and thus uncommonly encountered in routine pathology practice. Aims:The present study was conducted with the aim to diagnose various skin adnexal tumors on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) followed by confirmation on histopathology and immunohistochemistry of...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/JOC.JOC_63_17
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salivary gland cytopathology is a diagnostically challenging area with overlapping cytomorphological features between benign, malignant, and metastatic tumors. We report the case of 45-year-old male who presented with two swellings in right retroauricular and infraauricular region along with a palpable single right ce...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.203576
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histoplasmosis is a mycotic infection caused by dimorphic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum. The organisms are usually found within the cells (macrophages). This organism mostly affects lungs in immunocompetent individuals and disseminated forms are seen in immunocompromised cases. Here, we describe a case of disseminate...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/JOC.JOC_74_16
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is now known that the disease process of diabetes has effects on various tissues of the body. The following study was done to analyze the effects of diabetes on oral tissues. AIMS:To study the morphology and cytomorphometry of the cells obtained in cytologic smears from the buccal mucosa of diabetic pati...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.73291
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:The mortality due to uterine cervical cancer has been gradually increasing in women under 40 years of age (U40) in Japan. We investigated the effect of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) on U40 subjects without any overt cytological abnormalities. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively examined the...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/JOC.JOC_148_17
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis of cervix is a rare disease. Tuberculosis usually affects women of childbearing age, indicating hormone dependence of infection. The patient presents with menstrual irregularities, infertility or vaginal discharge. Cervical lesions presents as papillary/vegetative growth or ulceration mimicking cervical c...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.93242
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preoperative pathologic diagnosis of pelvic tumors is mandatory for proper management of patients like neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking. Currently there are many minimally invasive methods available which include fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and trucut biopsy, mostly complimentary to each othe...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/JOC.JOC_63_18
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatoblastoma (HBL) is a rare primary malignant liver tumor affecting mainly pediatric patients in the age group 6 months to 3 years. Presentation of HBL in the neonatal period is rare. HBL can be diagnosed on cytology along with subtyping. Estimation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is essential as a tumor marker. F...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.103945
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Aims:Tzanck smear is an old but useful test for diagnosis of cutaneous dermatoses. The aim of this study was to highlight the potential usefulness and diagnostic pitfalls of Tzanck smear for diagnosis of cutaneous dermatoses and infections. Materials and Methods:This hospital based cross-sectional study was carried ou...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/JOC.JOC_88_16
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer remain important health problems. Cervical cytology by Papanicolaou (Pap) smears is an effective means of screening for cervical premalignant and malignant conditions. AIM:The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cervical dysplasia in pre...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.126659
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extra-abdominal desmoid tumors are known as aggressive fibromatosis (AFM). Synchronous and metachronous multicentric aggressive fibromatosis are rare lesions and pose dilemma in diagnosis and management. A rare and interesting case of recurrent multicentric, synchronous AFM is presented which to the best of our knowle...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.93227
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a global pandemic. Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is very common manifestation of HIV infection. Moreover, different opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB) and malignancies may present with lymphadenopathy. Mycobacterium aviu...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.182518
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary (spontaneous) umbilical endometriosis is very rare with an estimated incidence of 0.5-1% of all patients with endometrial ectopia. Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition, the pelvis being the most common site of the disease. Extrapelvic site is less common and even more difficult to diagnose due to ...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.86355
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Context:Fine needle aspiration (FNA) plays a crucial role in the evaluation of patients with thyroid lesions. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) was designed with a mission to standardize the process of diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions by FNA cytology (FNAC). Aim:We aim to see ...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/JOC.JOC_64_18
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) with a malignancy rate of 0.2-2%. Aneuploidy is considered to be one of the important markers for malignant transformation and DNA-image cytometry (DIC) has been successfully employed in oral mucosal PMDs and also in tumors of the ...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.145629
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To evaluate and compare the cytograding of breast cancers using Robinson's and Mouriquand's grading methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A 5-year retrospective (from Oct 2000 to Sept 2005) and 1-year prospective study (from Oct 2005 to Oct 2006). A total of 110 fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) cases of breast canc...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.70738
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue diagnosis of small round cell tumors relies heavily on immunohistochemical staining. Two of the small round cell tumors, namely neuroblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor, have considerable morphologic overlap. Many studies suggest that CD99 positivity virtually excludes the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. W...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.97162
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is only one report on cytological findings of oncocytic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this article, we report a new case with focus on cytological, and ultrastructural findings. A 60-year-old Japanese man was found to have a right renal tumor on medical checkup. In imprint cytological mat...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.168846
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rosai-Dorfman disease, that is, sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a benign systemic proliferative disorder of histiocytes. The typical clinical presentation of the disease includes bilateral painless massive lymphadenopathy, fever and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Extranodal involvement is prese...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.83473
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IVPEH) is an unusual form of intravascular endothelial proliferation. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of IVPEH is quite challenging and only rare reports of the cytopathological features of this entity have been published. We report a case of a 55-year-old female...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.107512
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) is a rare benign disease of unknown etiology presenting with massive lymphadenopathy. These cases can often be misdiagnosed as lymphoma. Hence, it is important to distinguish Rosai-Dorfman disease from lymphoma and other causes of histiocytosis b...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.55229
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult-type granulosa cell tumors (AGCT) account for 1-2% of all ovarian tumors and 95% of granulosa cell tumors. In AGCT, at the time of peritoneal washing, tumor cells are rarely seen to exfoliate and FIGO stage is raised from IA/IB or IIA/IIB to stage IC or IIC despite the absence of a gross intraepithelial tumor. P...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.107528
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of oral and maxillofacial region has not been widely utilized for diagnosis due to diversity of lesion types, heterogeneity of cell populations and difficulties in reaching and aspirating these lesions. AIM:Our aim was to demonstrate the effectiveness of this cheap and...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.83461
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The cytological examinations of serous effusions have been well-accepted, and a positive diagnosis is often considered as a definitive diagnosis. It helps in staging, prognosis and management of the patients in malignancies and also gives information about various inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions. D...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.93210
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a rare cause of breast infection. Few cases of maternal-infant transmission of the virus during breastfeeding resulting in nipple lesions have been documented. Only three cases have been reported in nonlactating women. We report an additional case of HSV mastitis in a 36-year-old nonlacta...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.62185
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibromatosis colli is a peculiar, benign fibrous growth of the sternocleidomastoid that usually appears during the first few weeks of life and is often associated with muscular torticollis. Fibromatosis colli (FC) is seen in children born after difficult, prolonged labor, assisted delivery, and breech deliveries. Clin...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.54869
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gaucher's disease is the most common lysosomal storage disorder gene defect, which leads to deficiency or decreased activity of glucocerebrosidase, followed by accumulation of glucosylceramide. There is autosomal recessive transmission leading to varied clinical manifestations. This disease has three main types: Type ...
journal_title:Journal of cytology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/0970-9371.59399
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00