Abstract：
:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β stimulates release of interleukin (IL)-6, which is recognized to function as both a pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokine in the central nervous system, from astrocytes. It is generally recognized that effects of TGF-β are mediated through Smad-independent as well as Smad-dependent pathways. Small GTPases regulate a variety of cell functions. In the present study, we investigated whether or not Rho-kinase, a downstream effector of Rho, and Rac are implicated in TGF-β-stimulated IL-6 release from astrocytes (C8D1A cells). Y-27632 or fasudil (Rho-kinase inhibitors) or NSC23766 (an inhibitor of Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction) significantly enhanced TGF-β-stimulated IL-6 release from these cells. TGF-β-stimulated IL-6 release was markedly upregulated in RhoA- or Rac-knockdown C8D1A cells. We found that SIS3 (a specific inhibitor of TGF-β-dependent Smad3 phosphorylation) or LY364947 (a TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor) significantly reduced the IL-6 release. However, TGF-β-induced-Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation was not affected by Y-27632, fasudil or NSC23766. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase and Rac limit TGF-β-induced IL-6 release from astrocytes, and the suppressive effects are exerted independently of the Smad pathway or at a point downstream of Smad2/3 complex.
journal_name
Neurosci Lettjournal_title
Neuroscience lettersauthors
Tanabe K,Kojima A,Tachi J,Nakashima D,Kozawa O,Iida Hdoi
10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.040subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-23 00:00:00pages
191-196eissn
0304-3940issn
1872-7972pii
S0304-3940(18)30897-8journal_volume
696pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained during motor activity from electrically identified motoneurons within the spinal cord of the chick embryo maintained in vitro. Most recordings were performed on E11-E13 motoneurons although it was also possible to record from younger cells (E7-E9). Voltage clamp recordin...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(91)90263-s
更新日期：1991-07-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Bilateral, radiofrequency destruction of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus resulted in a pronounced depression in levels of immunoreactive (ir-) vasopressin (VP) in the medulla-pons of rats. The contents of ir-dynorphin1-17 (DYN), ir-DYN1-8 and ir-alpha-neo-endorphin (alpha-NE) therein were not, in contrast, af...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(82)90170-7
更新日期：1982-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Post-mortem brain tissue from 15 patients dying with a diagnosis of senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) was compared with tissue obtained from 16 control patients at routine post-mortem. A significant fall in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was observed in the cortex, hippocampus and amygdala of the SDA...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(80)90177-9
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to determine potential associations between the brain damage induced by hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult and spatial learning impairment in an eight-arm radial maze task. We first determined the pathological outcomes after 2, 5, 9, and 17 weeks of recovery following the HI insult. The result...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.055
更新日期：2005-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:An ionotropic glutamate receptor of the kainate subtype (GluR6) and a G-protein coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1 alpha) were expressed and studied in two insect cell lines: sf9 cells from Spodoptera frugiperda and MG1 cells from Trichoplusia ni. Application of kainate to GluR6-infected MG1 cells produce...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(94)90168-6
更新日期：1994-05-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The crossed thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic connections of the mouse are drawn using the tracer wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. After injections in the frontal cortex of the right hemisphere cells labeled retrogradely and axons labeled anterogradely are observed in the thalamus ipsilateral and cont...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(96)12319-3
更新日期：1996-02-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies showed egocentric but not allocentric mental rotation tasks to be impaired in microgravity when feedback cues about vertical surroundings were restricted. Those studies are difficult to reconcile, however, since they were limited not only to small subject groups, but also differed dramatically in desi...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2012.11.002
更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of unilateral electrical stimulation of the posterior interposate nucleus of the cerebellum was examined on the activity of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathways on both sides of the brain in alpha-chloralose anaesthetized cats. Push-pull cannulae were inserted into both caudate nuclei and both substanti...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(80)90079-8
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous studies have provided evidence that physical activity promotes cortical plasticity in the adult brain and in turn facilitates learning. However, until now, the effect of simultaneous physical activity (e.g. bicycling) on learning performance has not been investigated systematically. The current study aims at ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.089
更新日期：2010-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:In an attempt to understand the change of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tumor cells by hypoxia and hypoxia-normoxia exposure, the present study performed an in vitro investigation using rat glioma cell line in culture. Hypoxia was induced by an incubation with nitrogen gas for 15 h followed the normoxia exposure with ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00588-0
更新日期：1997-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium homeostasis in synaptosomes is altered during ageing. The cytosolic free calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i was determined in synaptosomes and crude synaptosomal fractions from 3- and 24-month-old rats with the fluorescent indicator quin-2. The [Ca2+]i were around two times higher in 24-month-old rats than in adul...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(88)90234-0
更新日期：1988-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously we have shown that the 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythm of oil rig workers on a 2-week night shift (1800-0600 h) adapts to the shift via a phase delay. We now report the findings of a study on two offshore drill crews working a 1 week day (1200-0000 h), 1 week night (0000-1200 h) swing shift. Urine samples were...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00585-0
更新日期：1998-08-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity is an independent risk factor for developing Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that diet-induced obesity (DIO) enhances AD-related pathologies in transgenic mouse models of the disease. DIO increases amyloid β (Aβ) deposition in amyloidogenic transgenic mice...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.028
更新日期：2014-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS), caused by the complete deficiency of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), is characterized by a neurological deficit, the etiology of which is still unclear. Evidence has accumulated indicating that it reflects dopamine deficiency associated with defective arborization of dopamine...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01716-5
更新日期：2001-04-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of anxiety on perceptual-motor organisation of rhythmical forearm movements were examined using an interrupted time series design with staggered baselines. Participants were exposed to repeated baseline sessions interrupted with two anxiety-inducing sessions. Results showed that under moderate levels of anxiet...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2005.04.036
更新日期：2005-08-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The subliminal affective priming was studied by recording event-related potential (ERP) to ambiguous neutral faces preceded by 20ms positive or negative prime faces. Behavioral results showed that positive and negative prime faces led to valance-consistent biases in affective judgments of ambiguous neutral faces. ERP ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2011.07.040
更新日期：2011-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-initiated leg movement in standing humans is preceded by a medio-lateral preparatory balance adjustment (PBA); however, such preparatory balance control is often absent in reflex-like stepping responses evoked by whole-body instability. The presence or absence of the PBA may reflect a task-dependent modulation of...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00365-1
更新日期：1999-06-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Noradrenaline (NA)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing cell bodies were found to occur in high numbers (>75% of all cells were positive) in the human superior cervical ganglion and distributed homogeneously throughout the ganglion and showed colocalisation. A few cell bodies were VIP-immunoreactive (-ir) (less than 5...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00115-9
更新日期：1999-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to study the rapidity of interaction between tetraethylammonium (TEA) and the delayed K+ channel of the mammalian brain neuron, TEA was applied to isolated rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons in a time-controlled sequence with a voltage step using a concentration clamp technique. TEA at a concentration of 30 mM...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(91)90601-o
更新日期：1991-10-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Associations between PIN1 gene polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk remain controversial, possibly because single studies often lack sufficient statistical power. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of two commonly studied PIN1 polymorphisms, -842G/C and -667T/C, with the...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.026
更新日期：2013-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two apparently distinct neurodegenerative diseases, the former characterized by selective loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord and the latter characterized by selective atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes. Over the years, however...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.007
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of the spectral tone structure on pre-attentive and attentive pitch discrimination was investigated. The mismatch negativity (MMN) component was recorded from reading subjects to pitch changes of identical magnitude in pure tones with only one sinusoidal frequency component and in spectrally rich tones with...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00941-6
更新日期：2000-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs (2 weeks or longer) increases corticosteroid receptor mRNA expression in the hippocampus and reduces hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in parallel with improving mood and neuroendocrine function. Earlier effects are less well documented. We examined the effects of...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01890-0
更新日期：2001-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrical stimulation delivered to the rostral pons induced well coordinated activity of the intralaryngeal muscles and the ventilatory muscles for vocalization in unanesthetized, decerebrate cats. The stimulation reset the normal respiratory rhythm and induced vocalization with a newly developed rhythm. Continuous o...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(93)90620-z
更新日期：1993-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique for monitoring electrical activity and has good time resolution. Combining these advantages of EEG with dipole-tracing analysis incorporating a realistic three-layer head model (scalp-skull-brain head model; SSB/DT) allows for the detection of dipoles in the mil...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2008.03.082
更新日期：2008-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The depth and complexity of the non-coding transcriptome in nervous system tissues provides a rich substrate for adenosine de-amination acting on RNA (ADAR). Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) serve diverse regulatory and computational functions, coupling signal flow from the environment to evolutionarily coded analog and digit...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.009
更新日期：2009-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was recently suggested to have a pro-apoptotic effect although its primary function is believed to mediate cellular adaptation to metabolic stresses. Here, we investigated the effect of the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) on oxidative stress-indu...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2003.10.012
更新日期：2004-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:NMDA receptors play important roles in brain formation by taking part in synaptogenesis and apoptosis. In the present study, the expression of NMDA receptors was analyzed in a neural stem cell line, MSP-1, which lacks p53. p53 is a transcription factor involved in excitotoxic neuronal apoptosis. It is quite likely tha...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00134-2
更新日期：1999-04-02 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported that there is an up-regulation of the NR2B gene expression in the adult cortex and cultured fetal cortical neurons of mice following chronic ethanol treatment due to demethylation of cytosine residues in the NR2B gene CpG island. In the present study, we investigated the methylation pattern...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2005.01.042
更新日期：2005-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Small-fiber neuropathy was induced in young adult mice by intraperitoneal injection of resiniferatoxin (RTX), a TRPV1 agonist. At day 7, RTX induced significant thermal and mechanical hypoalgesia. At day 28, mechanical and thermal nociception were restored. No nerve degeneration in skin was observed and unmyelinated n...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.026
更新日期：2014-06-13 00:00:00
