Decreased water activity in nanoconfinement contributes to the folding of G-quadruplex and i-motif structures.

abstract：:The integrin receptor alphavbeta5 controls two independent forms of interactions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with adjacent photoreceptor outer segments that are essential for vision. Alphavbeta5 localizes specifically to apical microvilli of the RPE and contributes to retinal adhesion that maintains RPE co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nandrot EF,Anand M,Almeida D,Atabai K,Sheppard D,Finnemann SC

更新日期：2007-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysfunction of gap junctions (GJs) caused by mutations in connexin26 (Cx26) and Cx30 accounts for nearly half of all cases of hereditary nonsyndromic deafness cases. Although it is widely held that GJs connecting supporting cells in the organ of Corti mainly provide ionic pathways for rapid removal of K+ around the ba...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Tang W,Ahmad S,Sipp JA,Chen P,Lin X

更新日期：2005-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In early brain development, ascending thalamocortical axons (TCAs) navigate through the ventral telencephalon (VTel) to reach their target regions in the young cerebral cortex. Descending, deep-layer cortical axons subsequently target appropriate thalamic and subcortical target regions. However, precisely how and when...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Robichaux MA,Chenaux G,Ho HY,Soskis MJ,Dravis C,Kwan KY,Šestan N,Greenberg ME,Henkemeyer M,Cowan CW

更新日期：2014-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate protein folding dynamics in terms of compactness, we developed a continuous-flow mixing device to make small-angle x-ray scattering measurements with the time resolution of 160 micros and characterized the radius of gyration (R(g)) of two folding intermediates of cytochrome c (cyt c). The early intermed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Akiyama S,Takahashi S,Kimura T,Ishimori K,Morishima I,Nishikawa Y,Fujisawa T

更新日期：2002-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Creatine kinase from rabbit muscle has been specifically labeled with a derivative of a nitroxide free radical on the two essential sulfhydryl groups, one per active site. The conformation in the environment of the enzyme-bound free radical and the change in conformation induced upon binding of the substrate, metal ad...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taylor JS,Leigh JS Jr,Cohn M

更新日期：1969-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, including hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and pituitary corticotropin, is one of the first endocrine systems to develop during fetal life, probably because glucocorticoid secretion is necessary for the maturation of many essential fetal organs. Consiste...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Venihaki M,Carrigan A,Dikkes P,Majzoub JA

更新日期：2000-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the arenavirus family, famous for their hemorrhagic syndromes, cause distinct neurological disorders; however, cellular and molecular targets as well as pathogenesis of peripheral nervous system disorders associated with these viruses are unknown. Using noncytolytic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, the p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rambukkana A,Kunz S,Min J,Campbell KP,Oldstone MB

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Alcoholism causes serious neurologic disease that may be due, in part, to the ability of ethanol to interact with neural cell membranes and change neuronal function. Adenosine receptors are membrane-bound proteins that appear to mediate some of the effects of ethanol in the brain. Human lymphocytes also have adenosine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diamond I,Wrubel B,Estrin W,Gordon A

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotrophin (NT) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an essential role in the formation of long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we address whether this modulation by BDNF requires its continuous presence, or whether a local increase in BDNF is necessary during a specific time period of LTP initiation. U...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gärtner A,Staiger V

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological soil crusts (biocrusts)—communities of mosses, lichens, cyanobacteria, and heterotrophs living at the soil surface—are fundamental components of drylands worldwide, and destruction of biocrusts dramatically alters biogeochemical processes, hydrology, surface energy balance, and vegetation cover. Although th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ferrenberg S,Reed SC,Belnap J

更新日期：2015-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome-wide experiments often measure quantitative differences between treated and untreated cells to identify affected strains. For these studies, statistical models are typically used to determine significance cutoffs. We developed a method termed "CLIK" (Cutoff Linked to Interaction Knowledge) that overlays biologi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dittmar JC,Pierce S,Rothstein R,Reid RJ

更新日期：2013-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The plasma concentration of the major vitamin D metabolites; 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured during pregnancy and lactation in the adult female rat. The concentrations of these metabolites were also measured in rat pups during lactation and after weaning. The pl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Halloran BP,Barthell EN,DeLuca HF

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have purified a protein from Necturus maculosus gallbladder cells that forms chloride channels in an artificial membrane. The same protein apparently can form channels that are highly selective for chloride but can have conductances varying from 9 to about 150 pS. The high-conductance channels are blocked by the mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Finn AL,Dillard M,Gaido M

更新日期：1993-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It is shown that polyphosphates are not generated in significant amounts in the phosphoglycerate kinase reaction; polyphosphate is more effective than ATP in the formation of glucose 6-P by glucokinase, but the rate with ATP may be adequate to meet the requirements of glucose metabolism; PPi is far more effective than...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wood HG,Goss NH

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyrimethamine (Pyr) targets dihydrofolate reductase of Plasmodium vivax (PvDHFR) as well as other malarial parasites, but its use as antimalarial is hampered by the widespread high resistance. Comparison of the crystal structures of PvDHFR from wild-type and the Pyr-resistant (SP21, Ser-58 --> Arg + Ser-117 --> Asn) s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kongsaeree P,Khongsuk P,Leartsakulpanich U,Chitnumsub P,Tarnchompoo B,Walkinshaw MD,Yuthavong Y

更新日期：2005-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Since at least T. H. Marshall, scholars have recognized military service as a form of sacrifice that warrants compensation from the state. War-widow pensions, expansion of the franchise, and subsidized higher education are all examples of rights and benefits "bestowed" in return for wartime mobilization. Similarly, in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Johnson T,Conley D

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase that plays a central role in the control of mRNA translation. It physiologically phosphorylates the S6 protein of the 40s ribosomal subunit in response to mitogenic stimuli and is a downstream component of the rapamycin-sensitive pathway, which includes th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burnett PE,Blackshaw S,Lai MM,Qureshi IA,Burnett AF,Sabatini DM,Snyder SH

更新日期：1998-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A well-known indication that a nucleotide has bound to myosin is the enhancement of the fluorescence of a specific tryptophan in the "subfragment 1" segment of the protein. Empirically the effect has been enormously useful in myosin enzymology. But beyond an early suggestion that it arises from a purine-tryptophan cha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bivin DB,Kubota S,Pearlstein R,Morales MF

更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the folding dynamics of Thermus thermophilus cytochrome c(552) by time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer between the heme and each of seven site-specific fluorescent probes. We have found both an equilibrium unfolding intermediate and a distinct refolding intermediate from kinetics studies. De...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamada S,Bouley Ford ND,Keller GE,Ford WC,Gray HB,Winkler JR

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The thin layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) contains antimicrobial substances that kill the small numbers of bacteria that are constantly being deposited in the lungs. An increase in ASL salt concentration inhibits the activity of airway antimicrobial factors and may partially explain the pathogenesis of cystic fibr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zabner J,Seiler MP,Launspach JL,Karp PH,Kearney WR,Look DC,Smith JJ,Welsh MJ

更新日期：2000-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-specific recombination is responsible for a broad range of biological phenomena, including DNA inversion, resolution of transposition intermediates, and the integration and excision of bacteriophage genomes. Integration of mycobacteriophage L5 is catalyzed by a phage-encoded integrase with recombination occurring...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peña CE,Kahlenberg JM,Hatfull GF

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is generated by cleavage of a membrane-anchored precursor protein, proTGF-alpha. ProTGF-alpha is cleaved at a slow rate and accumulates on the cell surface, thereby mediating cell-cell adhesion and mitogenic stimulation. We show here that cleavage of membrane proTGF-alpha b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pandiella A,Massagué J

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acetylcholine receptor is a protein that contains certain critical disulfide bonds. Experiments were designed to determine the role such bonds might play in the physiological activity of the receptor. Modification of the receptor with sodium bisulfite and diamide produced an increase in the time constants of the m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Steinacker A,Zuazaga DC

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophytochromes sense light in the near-infrared window, the spectral region where absorption by mammalian tissues is minimal, and their chromophore, biliverdin IXα, is naturally present in animal cells. These properties make bacteriophytochromes particularly attractive for optogenetic applications. However, the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ryu MH,Kang IH,Nelson MD,Jensen TM,Lyuksyutova AI,Siltberg-Liberles J,Raizen DM,Gomelsky M

更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A landmark study published in PNAS [Côté S, House J, Willer R (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:15838-15843] showed that higher income individuals are less generous than poorer individuals only if they reside in a US state with comparatively large economic inequality. This finding might serve to reconcile inconsistent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmukle SC,Korndörfer M,Egloff B

更新日期：2019-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Novel cellular behaviors and characteristics can be obtained by coupling engineered gene networks to the cell's natural regulatory circuitry through appropriately designed input and output interfaces. Here, we demonstrate how an engineered genetic circuit can be used to construct cells that respond to biological signa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kobayashi H,Kaern M,Araki M,Chung K,Gardner TS,Cantor CR,Collins JJ

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino acid sequence of the light chain of bovine protein C was determined by sequenator analysis of the carboxymethylated light chain and fragments obtained by cyanogen bromide treatment, tryptic digestion after blocking of lysine residues, and cleavage with 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3-bromoindolenine (BN...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fernlund P,Stenflo J,Tufvesson A

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific [3H]retinoic acid (RA)-binding sites in nuclear and cytosolic extracts prepared from human myeloblastic leukemia HL-60 cells have been detected by sucrose density gradient sedimentation and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. This RA-binding activity migrated as a single pea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nervi C,Grippo JF,Sherman MI,George MD,Jetten AM

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has long been recognized that the T-cell compartment has more CD4 helper than CD8 cytotoxic T cells, and this is most evident looking at T-cell development in the thymus. However, it remains unknown how thymocyte development so favors CD4 lineage development. To identify the basis of this asymmetry, we analyzed dev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sinclair C,Bains I,Yates AJ,Seddon B

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Devastating floods due to Atlantic hurricanes are relatively rare events. However, the frequency of the most intense storms is likely to increase with rises in sea surface temperatures. Geoengineering by stratospheric sulfate aerosol injection cools the tropics relative to the polar regions, including the hurricane Ma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moore JC,Grinsted A,Guo X,Yu X,Jevrejeva S,Rinke A,Cui X,Kravitz B,Lenton A,Watanabe S,Ji D

更新日期：2015-11-10 00:00:00