Abstract:
:It is shown that polyphosphates are not generated in significant amounts in the phosphoglycerate kinase reaction; polyphosphate is more effective than ATP in the formation of glucose 6-P by glucokinase, but the rate with ATP may be adequate to meet the requirements of glucose metabolism; PPi is far more effective than ATP as a phosphate donor in the formation of fructose 1,6-P2 by phosphofructokinase; PPi rather than ATP almost certainly is used in this reaction; and, aside from glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, the enzymes of phosphorylation are specific in their requirements of phosphate donors or acceptors and are present in adequate amounts to meet the requirements of glucose metabolism by the propionic acid bacteria.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Wood HG,Goss NHdoi
10.1073/pnas.82.2.312subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-01-01 00:00:00pages
312-5issue
2eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A whole-genome admixture scan in 1,597 African Americans identified a 3.8 Mb interval on chromosome 8q24 as significantly associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer [logarithm of odds (LOD) = 7.1]. The increased risk because of inheriting African ancestry is greater in men diagnosed before 72 years of age (P < ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0605832103
更新日期:2006-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Mutation of the p53 gene is one of the most frequent genetic changes found in human cancers. Recent experiments indicated that p53 might contain a transcription-activating domain, which functions when directed to a promoter. This study shows that wild-type p53 suppresses transcription of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5206
更新日期:1992-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory information from the external world is inherently ambiguous, necessitating prior experience as a constraint on perception. Prolonged experience (adaptation) induces perception of ambiguous morph faces as a category different from the adapted category, suggesting sensitivity in underlying neural codes to differ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0702548104
更新日期:2007-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::The genome of the defective avian tumor virus MH2 was identified as a RNA of 5.7 kilobases by its presence in different MH2-helper virus complexes and its absence from pure helper virus, by its unique fingerprint pattern of RNase T1-resistant (T1) oligonucleotides that differed from those of two helper virus RNAs, and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.4.1633
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria have evolved the ability to produce a wide range of structurally complex natural products historically called "secondary" metabolites. Although some of these compounds have been identified as bacterial communication cues, more frequently natural products are scrutinized for antibiotic activities that are rele...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1414272112
更新日期:2015-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::We have constructed and characterized a polyoma virus-based plasmid that is maintained as an autonomously replicating extrachromosomal element (episome) in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Plasmid pMGD20neo contains the polyoma origin of replication harboring a mutated enhancer (PyF101), a modified polyoma early regio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.5.1292
更新日期:1995-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The fundamental questions of how lubricant molecules organize into a layered structure under nanometers confinement and what is the interplay between layering and friction are still not well answered in the field of nanotribology. While the phase transition of lubricants during a squeeze-out process under compression ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1805569115
更新日期:2018-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::As an electron transfer-driven proton pump, cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) must alternate between two conformations in each valence state of the redox element associated with ion translocation. Using second derivative absorption spectroscopy, the conformation of the cytochro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.16.7281
更新日期:1991-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::RNA synthesis by the paramyxovirus respiratory syncytial virus, a ubiquitous human pathogen, was found to be more complex than previously appreciated for the nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses. Intracellular RNA replication of a plasmid-encoded "minigenome" analog of viral genomic RNA was directed by coexpressio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.81
更新日期:1996-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::The early reactions in the catabolism of quinic acid in Neurospora crassa are controlled by at least four genes which are clustered on linkage group VII. Three of the loci (qa-2, qa-4, and qa-3) encode enzymes that convert quinic acid to protocatechuic acid. The fourth gene (qa-1) encodes a positive regulatory protein...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.8.5086
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in sequences at the C terminus of the capsid precursor protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that affect the viral p6 protein prevent release of budded virus particles from the cell surface. The experiments reported here define an important step in the life cycle of the virus, the release of the bud...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.8.3195
更新日期:1991-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The region of human chromosome 22q11 is prone to rearrangements. The resulting chromosomal abnormalities are involved in Velo-cardio-facial and DiGeorge syndromes (VCFS and DGS) (deletions), "cat eye" syndrome (duplications), and certain types of tumors (translocations). As a prelude to the development of mouse models...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14608
更新日期:1997-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) do not occur in the North Atlantic Ocean today except as vagrants, although five species were present in the early Pliocene. No fossil breeding sites of albatrosses were known previously. The timing of extinction of albatrosses in the North Atlantic was likewise unknown. Deposits that formed ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1934576100
更新日期:2003-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Aspartic acid in the second transmembrane domain is a highly conserved amino acid among the G protein-coupled receptors and is functionally important for agonist binding and G-protein coupling in beta 2-adrenergic and luteinizing hormone receptors. To determine whether this aspartic acid is also involved in the functi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.5133
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dramatic increase in healthcare cost has become a significant burden to the world. Many patients are denied the accessibility of medication because of the high price of drugs. Total biosynthesis of chiral drug intermediates is an environmentally friendly approach that helps provide more affordable pharmaceuticals....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912903107
更新日期:2010-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::Ecosystem restoration aims to restore biodiversity and valuable functions that have been degraded or lost. The Coral Triangle is a hotspot for marine biodiversity held in its coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and mangrove forests, all of which are in global decline. These coastal ecosystems support valuable fisheries and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1707962114
更新日期:2017-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::The gaseous phytohormone ethylene C(2)H(4) mediates numerous aspects of growth and development. Genetic analysis has identified a number of critical elements in ethylene signaling, but how these elements interact biochemically to transduce the signal from the ethylene receptor complex at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1214848109
更新日期:2012-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::In epithelial cells, sorting of membrane proteins to the basolateral surface depends on the presence of a basolateral sorting signal (BaSS) in their cytoplasmic domain. Amyloid precursor protein (APP), a basolateral protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, contains a tyrosine-based BaSS, and muta...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14745
更新日期:1998-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Photoperiodic control of testis growth in Passer domesticus (house sparrow) is mediated entirely by extraretinal photoreceptors in the brain. The eyes do not participate in photoperiodically significant photoreception. Removal of the pineal organ does not affect either the response to light or, to a first approximatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.67.1.320
更新日期:1970-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing human and ecological costs due to increasing wildfire are an urgent concern in policy and management, particularly given projections of worsening fire conditions under climate change. Thus, understanding the relationship between climatic variation and fire activity is a critically important scientific question...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1713885114
更新日期:2017-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of RNA secondary structure on rho-independent and rho-dependent termination of transcription of T3 DNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase has been studied by incorporating, into nascent transcripts, base analogs that lead to altered base-pairing properties. A guanine --> hypoxanthine substitution, with atte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.4.1613
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human ether-a-go-go-related gene 1, hERG1, are associated with cardiac arrhythmias. The Kv11.1 channels encoded by hERG1 are also essential for rhythmic excitability of the pituitary, where they are regulated by thyroid hormone through a signal transduction cascade involvi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0802250105
更新日期:2008-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies were used to isolate nonneutralizable antigenic variants in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus. It had been found that a large percentage of virus retains infectivity despite binding neutralizing antibody. This high persistent fraction of nonneutralized virus ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.20.7106
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeted ablation of the surfactant protein D (SP-D) gene caused chronic inflammation, emphysema, and fibrosis in the lungs of SP-D (-/-) mice. Although lung morphology was unperturbed during the first 2 weeks of life, airspace enlargement was observed by 3 weeks and progressed with advancing age. Inflammation consist...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.100448997
更新日期:2000-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::When human genome was fractionated by thermal elution chromatography, repetitious DNA was found in every arbitrary temperature segment. When these repetitious DNA families were used for in situ hybridization, the following conclusions were evident: (a) Unlike the case of mouse, where essentially all centromeric hetero...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.6.1464
更新日期:1972-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 on the skin in vivo, we have targeted its expression to the epidermis of transgenic mice. To ensure that active TGF-beta 1 was expressed, we used a porcine TGF-beta 1 cDNA with mutations of Cys-223-->Ser and Cys-225-->Ser, which allow constitutive activation. M...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.5237
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maintenance of genome stability is carried out by a suite of DNA repair pathways that ensure the repair of damaged DNA and faithful replication of the genome. Of particular importance are the repair pathways, which respond to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and how the efficiency of repair is influenced by sequence h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1507833112
更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of CD5 increases progressively as thymocytes mature. We have shown that CD5 expression is controlled by a tissue-specific regulatory promoter located upstream of the CD5 translation start sites. Deletion of this regulatory promoter, which contains three potential transcription factor binding sites (CCAA...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0308764101
更新日期:2004-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed societies. Although roles for the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and mediodorsal thalamus in anxiety disorders are well documented, molecular mechanisms contributing to the functions of these structures are poorly understood. Here we repo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0813109106
更新日期:2009-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::DNA methylation may be a component of a multilevel control mechanism that regulates eukaryotic gene expression. We used synthetic oligonucleotides to investigate the effect of cytosine methylation on the binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to its target sequence (a G + C-rich sequence known as a "GC box"). Concate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.7.2066
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00