Abstract：
:In Canis and Ursus the largest proportion of attachments of muscles of the shoulder and brachium on the scapula and humerus is direct; fewer attachments are aponeurotic or tendinous. In both genera most attachments can be associated with superficial osteological features (scars or delimitable surfaces); attachments that lack such features are direct. Most aponeurotic attachments are associated with rugose scarring whereas tendinous attachments are often associated with smooth surfaces. Although most attachments can be associated with osteological features the areal extent of attachment is often not inferrable from the bone. The inference of muscle size or functional significance from osteological features is problematic. The amount of myological information that can be deciphered from the osteology in Canis and Ursus is greater than that reported for particular members of other vertebrate groups which suggests that there may be differences in the degree to which muscles can be reconstructed from superficial osteology alone. Nonetheless, even in mammals such as the Carnivora, detailed muscular reconstructions in extinct taxa cannot be achieved without reference to the musculature of extant relatives. Such reconstructions rely on assumptions, that often have not been adequately tested, regarding the similarity of musculature in closely related taxa. This testing and well corroborated hypotheses of phylogenetic relationship are essential for the evaluation of the accuracy of reconstructions of the musculature in fossil vertebrates.
journal_name
J Morpholjournal_title
Journal of morphologyauthors
Bryant HN,Seymour KLdoi
10.1002/jmor.1052060111subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-10-01 00:00:00pages
109-117issue
1eissn
0362-2525issn
1097-4687journal_volume
206pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Odontophoral cartilages are located in the molluscan buccal mass and support the movement of the radula during feeding. The structural diversity of odontophoral cartilages is currently known only from limited taxa, but this information is important for interpreting phylogeny and for understanding the biomechanical ope...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10699
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on light microscopic observations, nerve pathways are described for the first time in the praesoma of a species of the Echinorhynchidae. The pathways are described for 18 nerves, 8 paired and 2 single, which originate from the cerebral ganglion and a post-ganglionic cell and terminate in the body wall musculatur...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052010306
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparisons of skull shape between closely related species can provide information on the role that phylogeny and function play in cranial evolution. We used 3D-anatomical landmarks in order to study the skull ontogeny of two closely related species, Lagenorhynchus obscurus and Lagenorhynchus australis, with a total s...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20629
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most anatomical and physiological studies of the sauropsid heart have focused on species with extraordinary physiologies, and detailed anatomical descriptions of hearts from sauropsids with more common physiologies are therefore warranted. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the cardiac anatomy of the South Amer...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10854
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hind foot drumming is a form of seismic signaling that plays a vital role in the communication of several Bathyergidae species. Hind foot drumming is initiated by the rapid movement of the whole hind limb by flexion and extension of the hip and knee. This study aimed to determine if morphological adaptations of the hi...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.21110
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone is a dynamic tissue adapting to loading according to "Wolff's law of bone adaptation." During very early life, however, such a mechanism may not be adequate enough to adapt to the dramatic change in environmental challenges in precocial species. Their neonates are required to stand and walk within hours after bir...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20548
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In uloborid spiders, eye loss is accompanied by increased visual angles, optical material investment, and potential visual acuity of the retained eyes. Relative to carapace volume, the six-eyed Hyptiotes cavatus and two four-eyed Miagrammopes species have greater retinal hemisphere areas and lens volumes than do the e...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051960202
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the attention squamate lizards have received in the study of digit and limb loss, little is known about limb morphogenesis in pentadactyl lizards. Recent developmental studies have provided a basis for understanding lizard autopodial element homology based on developmental and comparative anatomy. In addition,...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10875
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Slender blindsnakes (Leptotyphlopidae) are known to use a unique feeding mechanism that involves rapid flexions of the tooth-bearing lower jaw. However, the morphology of the leptotyphlopid jaw apparatus has remained poorly studied due to the extremely small size of these snakes. Here I present a detailed description ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10414
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The skull of neotenic individuals of the Alpine Newt Triturus alpestris from the locality Drakolimni (Greece) is described on the basis of models made from magnified serial frontal sections. In order to recognize features associated with neoteny and paedomorphosis, the results were compared with normal development of ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199611)230:2<187::AID-JMOR
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The morphogenesis and ultrastructure of the epidermis of snake embryos were studied at progressive stages of development through hatching to determine the time and modality of differentiation of the shedding complex. Scales form as symmetric epidermal bumps that become slanted and eventually very overlapped. During th...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1080
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fine structural characteristics of epithelial cells of the anal vesicle in the hymenopteran parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), are similar to those of transport cells. Apical and basal infoldings, an abundance of mitochondria, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and pinocytotic vesicl...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051540205
更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) is economically important in Europe. However, apart from the female reproductive system, very little is known about its internal anatomy. This article focuses on studying the internal anatomy and ultrastructure of the male reproductive system. This system follows the general pa...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20002
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Freshwater sponges of the family Spongillidae reproduce sexually through formation of a parenchymula larva. The cytochemical characteristics of parenchymula larval metamorphosis - beginning with the blastula and terminating with the motile escape stage - for the spongillid Eunapius fragilis (Leidy) have been defined u...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051450202
更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tooth development and replacement in fetal and adult viviparous caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) are described and analyzed according to current theories of tooth succession. The fetal dentition differs from that of the adult in morphology, position, and function. Teeth are used by fetuses to scrape the oviducal epi...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051480104
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ of the Japanese striped snake were examined by lectin histochemistry. Of the 21 lectins used in the study, all lectins except succinylated-wheat germ agglutinin (s-WGA) showed similar binding patterns in the vomeronasal receptor cells and the olfactory receptor cells ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10864
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The brain-microvascular architecture of the newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex) was studied by scanning electron-microscopical examination of microvascular corrosion casts. It is characterized at the leptomeningeal level by a superficial network of single vessels that leave the meningeal sheath to form hairpin-shaped c...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052100304
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Morphological features of the goldfish caudal neurosecretory system were investigated by means of immunohistochemical localization of urotensins I and II (UI and UII) and electron microscopic examination of the caudal neurosecretory neurons, the urophysis, and the synaptic neuropil. The aim of the work is to provide a...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199801)235:1<59::AID-JMOR5
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All developmental stages of Tanystylum bealensis are described. This is the first complete developmental series of a pycnogonid species collected from a natural, rather than a laboratory-reared population. Development proceeds through a series of nine instars from egg to adult, with major defining characteristics of t...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10402
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This work summarizes the observations on 30 species of microdriles belonging to the families Naididae (Rhyacodrilinae, Pristininae, Naidinae, Phallodrilinae, and Tubificinae), Phreodrilidae, Lumbriculidae, and Enchytraeidae using scanning electron microscopy. The lumbricid Eiseniella tetraedra, a megadrile species com...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10888
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The liver of the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, was examined by gross dissection, histological, and ultrastructural procedures. Other visceral organs were examined by histological techniques only. Unique perivenous smooth muscle cords are associated with veins in these systems, but they are particularly prominent in the...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052120208
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formation of the first epidermal layers in the embryonic scales of the lizard Lampropholis guichenoti was studied by optical and electron microscopy. Morphogenesis of embryonic scales is similar to the general process in lizards, with well-developed overlapping scales being differentiated before hatching. The narrow o...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199908)241:2<139::AID-JMOR
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies in the genus Poecilia have focused on reproductive and genetic characteristics of Poecilia formosa, the Amazon molly, and its sympatric species P. latipinna and P. mexicana. The research literature of Poecilia dentition has been limited to general tooth morphology. Essentially absent are comparative analy...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199903)239:3<271::AID-JMOR
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the complex shapes of myomeres and myosepta in the mackerels and tunas (Scombridae: Teleostei), and we reveal the orientation of two major systems of collagen fibers in myosepta and horizontal septa with respect to points of attachment to skeleton and skin. Our goal is to identify the likely pathways of th...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052170207
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies of squamate epidermal structure have focused on either histology and ultrastructure or oberhautchen surface texture as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using SEM data drawn from a variety of lizard taxa (primarily iguanids, but also agamids, chamaeleonids, and scincids), as well as amph...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051970108
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The muscles of the head, neck and thorax of the adult cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni are described for the first time. They are compared to those of Choristoneura fumiferana, Manduca sexta, Smerinthus geminatus, Antheraea polyphemus, Sphinx convolvuli, Crymodes devastator, and Danaus plexippus. ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051390204
更新日期：1973-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sceloporus aeneus exhibits reproductive bimodality. That is, one taxon (Sceloporus aeneus bicanthalis) is viviparous whereas the other (Sceloporus aeneus aeneus) is oviparous. Morphological differences in luteal and oviductal structure were examined. Oviparous and viviparous females have distinct corpora lutea that fo...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051840109
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure and crystallography of the internal shell of the pulmonate gastropod slug Limax maximus were studied at the levels of light and scanning electron microscopy, revealing patterns of shell ontogeny and morphogenesis. The calcified portion of the slightly convex ovoid shell is composed of a single palisade l...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051800304
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of the ileum of the ant Formica nigricans by light and electron microscopy revealed the existence of three differentiated regions: proximal, middle, and distal ileum. The middle region constitutes most of the length of the organ. Its wall is made up by a folded simple epithelium lined by a cuticle, which is ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199912)242:3<189::AID-JMOR
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The theory of Kukalova-Peck ('78) is examined and rejected except for the hypothesis of the partially pleural origin of wings. Data suggest that the arthropods ancestral to insects left the water, and that movable precursors of the wings, possibly exopodites, were immobilized and fused with the tergum to form part of ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051680309
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
