The heart of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus.

Abstract:

:Most anatomical and physiological studies of the sauropsid heart have focused on species with extraordinary physiologies, and detailed anatomical descriptions of hearts from sauropsids with more common physiologies are therefore warranted. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the cardiac anatomy of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus). The cardiovascular physiology of this species has been investigated in a number of studies, whereas only a few cursory studies exist on the cardiac anatomy of viperid snakes. The heart of C. durissus is typically squamate in many regards. Both atria are thin-walled sacs, and the right atrium is the most voluminous. The single ventricle contains three major septa; the vertical septum, the muscular ridge (MR), and the bulbuslamelle. These partially divide the ventricle into three chambers; the systemic and left-sided cavum arteriosum (CA), the pulmonary and right-sided cavum pulmonale, and the medial cavum venosum (CV). The MR is the most developed septum, and several additional and minor septa are found within the CA and CV. An extraordinary thin cortical layer encloses the ventricle, and it is irrigated by a remarkably rich arborization of coronary arteries. Previous studies show high degrees of blood flow separation in the Crotalus heart, and this can only be explained by the coordinated actions of the septa and the prominent atrioventricular valves.

journal_name

J Morphol

journal_title

Journal of morphology

authors

Jensen B,Abe AS,Andrade DV,Nyengaard JR,Wang T

doi

10.1002/jmor.10854

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2010-09-01 00:00:00

pages

1066-77

issue

9

eissn

0362-2525

issn

1097-4687

journal_volume

271

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Motor units of the primary ankle extensor muscles of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana): functional properties and fiber types.

    abstract::Motor units of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and the single lateral gastrocnemius/soleus (LG/S) muscles of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana) were found to have uniformly slow contraction times relative to homologous muscles of the cat. Though a broad range of peak tetanic tensions was found among motor units from bot...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051810305

    authors: Peters SE,Mulkey R,Rasmussen SA,Goslow GE Jr

    更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00

  • An early post-traumatic reaction of lymph-heart striated muscle fibers in adult frog Rana temporaria during the first postoperative week: An electron microscopic and autoradiographic study.

    abstract::According to the current opinion, lymph-heart striated muscle represents a specialized type of skeletal muscles in frogs. Here, we studied muscle fibers in mechanically damaged lymph hearts during the first postoperative week using electron-microscopic autoradiography. We present evidence that both, the satellite cell...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20476

    authors: Krylova MI,Bogolyubov DS

    更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00

  • Forelimb indicators of prey-size preference in the Felidae.

    abstract::The forelimbs, along with the crania, are an essential part of the prey-killing apparatus in cats. Linear morphometrics of the forelimbs were used to determine the morphological differences between felids that specialize on large prey, small prey, or mixed prey. We also compared the scaling of felid forelimbs to those...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10712

    authors: Meachen-Samuels J,Van Valkenburgh B

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Olecranon orientation as an indicator of elbow joint angle in the stance phase, and estimation of forelimb posture in extinct quadruped animals.

    abstract::Reconstruction of limb posture is a challenging task in assessing functional morphology and biomechanics of extinct tetrapods, mainly because of the wide range of motions possible at each limb joint and because of our poor knowledge of the relationship between posture and musculoskeletal structure, even in the extant ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10748

    authors: Fujiwara S

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • The arrangement and function of octopus arm musculature and connective tissue.

    abstract::The morphology of the musculature and connective tissues of the arms of Octopus bimaculoides was analyzed with light microscopy. We also studied O. briareus and O. digueti, which possess relatively more elongate and less elongate arms, respectively. The morphology of the arms was found to be remarkably uniform among s...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10548

    authors: Kier WM,Stella MP

    更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00

  • Ultrastructure of the body cavities in Phylactolaemata (Bryozoa).

    abstract::Only species belonging to the bryozoan subtaxon Phylactolaemata possess an epistome. To test whether there is a specific coelomic cavity inside the epistome, Fredericella sultana, Plumatella emarginata, and Lophopus crystallinus were studied on the ultrastructural level. In F. sultana and P. emarginata, the epistome c...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10691

    authors: Gruhl A,Wegener I,Bartolomaeus T

    更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00

  • Epidermal glands in Squamata: microscopical examination of precloacal glands in Amphisbaena alba (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae).

    abstract::The femoral or cloacal region of many species of lizards and amphisbaenians exhibits epidermal glands. The pores of these glands are plugged with holocrine solid secretions that serve as semiochemical sources. Many authors assume that these glands are mainly associated with reproduction and demarcation of territory. T...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199909)241:3<197::AID-JMOR

    authors: Jared C,Antoniazzi MM,Silva JR,Freymüller E

    更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00

  • Regeneration of digits and forelimbs in the Kenyan reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus ferniquei.

    abstract::Newly metamorphosed individuals of the Kenyan reed frog, Hyperolius viridiflavus ferniquei, are able completely to regenerate amputated digits, including the morphologically complex digital pad. The sequence of morphological events is very similar to that seen in the typical epimorphic regeneration of amphibian extrem...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051460402

    authors: Richards CM,Carlson BM,Rogers SL

    更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00

  • Evolutionary and functional substitution of extrinsic musculature in Solifugae (Arachnida).

    abstract::The locomotory system of Solifugae is distinct from that of other Arachnida in several ways. Only three pairs of legs are involved in locomotion, while the first pair function as sensory appendages. Morphologically, the proximal region of the locomotory system in Solifugae is characterized by fused coxae. Within the p...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.21260

    authors: Runge J,Wirkner CS

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • Expression of type XII collagen by wound epithelial, mesenchymal, and ependymal cells during blastema formation in regenerating newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) tails.

    abstract::Previously we showed that type XII collagen (col XII) is highly upregulated in the regenerating newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) forelimb. Here, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we studied the pattern of expression of col XII during early stages of adult newt tail regeneration. The results show th...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199611)230:2<177::AID-JMOR

    authors: Wei Y,Tassava RA

    更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00

  • Histology and ultrastructure of the caudal courtship glands of the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus (Amphibia: Plethodontidae).

    abstract::Caudal courtship glands (CCGs) are sexually dimorphic glands described in the skin of the dorsal tail base of some male salamanders in the genera Desmognathus, Eurycea, and Plethodon in the family Plethodontidae. These glands are believed to deliver pheromones to females during courtship, when the female rests her chi...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20342

    authors: Sever DM,Siegel DS

    更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00

  • Ultrastructural investigation of spermiogenesis in Peripatopsis capensis (Onychophora).

    abstract::Early spermatids of the onychophoran Peripatopsis capensis are spherical cells with a centrally located nucleus, numerous mitochondria, Golgi complexes, microtubules and two centrioles. During spermiogenesis, Golgi vesicles migrate to one side of the cell where they form a tight aggregate, which is later shed. The mat...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051590104

    authors: Camatini M,Franchi E,Saita A

    更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00

  • Development of respiratory structures in embryos and first and second instars of the bark scorpion, Centruroides gracilis (Scorpiones: Buthidae).

    abstract::The SEM was used to study the development of respiratory structures in successive stages in relation to the overall changes occurring in the scorpions. Book lung development is a slow process, starting with spiracles and a sac-like atrium in the early embryo and continuing lamellar formation to 150 or more in the adul...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10653

    authors: Farley RD

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • Development of phenotypic differences in sensillum populations on the antennae of a grasshopper, Schistocerca americana.

    abstract::The development of diet-induced phenotypic differences in numbers of sensilla on the antennae of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana was studied using the exuviae produced at each molt. This made it possible to follow changes within an individual insect. In the first instar, insects had similar numbers of four sens...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10026

    authors: Chapman RF

    更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00

  • Postnatal ontogeny of limb proportions and functional indices in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae).

    abstract::Burrow construction in the subterranean Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) primarily occurs by scratch-digging. In this study, we compared the limbs of an ontogenetic series of C. talarum to identify variation in bony elements related to fossorial habits using a morphometrical and biomechanical approach. Diamete...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20267

    authors: Echeverría AI,Becerra F,Vassallo AI

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • In vitro differentiation of tooth buds from embryos and adult lizards (L. gravenhorsti): an ultrastructural comparison.

    abstract::It is well established that the capacity for teeth to differentiate "in vitro" depends upon: a) the age of the embryonic rudiments at the time of excision and b) the number of cells within each tissue type which are capable of differentiating into organ culture. This paper studies ultrastructural aspects of tooth buds...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051650302

    authors: Lemus D,Paz de la Vega Y,Fuenzalida M,Illanes J

    更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00

  • Heart and the peritoneal cover of the gut sinus in the polychaete Arenicola marina: an ultrastructural and autoradiographic study.

    abstract::To elucidate the cellular mechanism underlying the growth of the peritoneal cover of the gut sinus and the heart in the polychaete Arenicola marina, cellular organization of these structures and proliferative potential of their cells were investigated using electron microscopy and electron microscopic autoradiography....

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10035

    authors: Martynova MG,Chaga OY

    更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00

  • Morphology of the cloaca in the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, and its plastic response to salinity.

    abstract::The cloacal complex of Crocodylus porosus is composed of three chambers (proctodaeum, urodaeum, and coprodaeum) separated by tight, muscular sphincters. The proctodaeum is proximal to the cloacal vent and houses the genitalia. The urodaeum is the largest chamber, is capable of storing large quantities of urine, and is...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-4687(200008)245:2<168::AID-JMOR7>3.0.

    authors: Kuchel LJ,Franklin CE

    更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00

  • Developmental changes in the skull morphology of common minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata.

    abstract::We investigated growth-related and sex-related morphological changes in the skulls of 144 North Pacific common minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata. Measurement was conducted at 39 points on the skull and mandible to extract individual allometric equations relating the length and zygomatic width of the skull. The r...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20288

    authors: Nakamura G,Kato H

    更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00

  • The pelvic kidney of male Ambystoma maculatum (Amphibia, urodela, ambystomatidae) with special reference to the sexual collecting ducts.

    abstract::This study details the gross and microscopic anatomy of the pelvic kidney in male Ambystoma maculatum. The nephron of male Ambystoma maculatum is divided into six distinct regions leading sequentially away from a renal corpuscle: (1) neck segment, which communicates with the coelomic cavity via a ventrally positioned ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10883

    authors: Siegel DS,Sever DM,Aldridge RD

    更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • External and internal sexual dimorphism in leiognathid fishes: morphological evidence for sex-specific bioluminescent signaling.

    abstract::Fourteen species of leiognathid fishes (Perciformes, Leiognathidae) from the Philippine Islands, Thailand, Japan, Indonesia, and Palau were examined for accessory secondary sexual dimorphism. Thirteen species exhibit either external dimorphism (a clear patch of skin on the flanks of males, a large clear patch of skin ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051820105

    authors: McFall-Ngai MJ,Dunlap PV

    更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00

  • The lissamphibian humerus and elbow joint, and the origins of modern amphibians.

    abstract::The origins and evolution of the three major clades of modern amphibians are still a source of controversy, and no general consensus exists as to their relationship to the various known Paleozoic taxa. This may indicate that additional character complexes should be studied to resolve their phylogenetic relationship. T...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10769

    authors: Sigurdsen T,Bolt JR

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Fine structure of the thymus in the adult cling fish Sicyases sanguineus (Pisces, Gobiesocidae).

    abstract::The structure of the thumus in adult specimens of a marine teleost, the cling fish Sicyases sanguineus, has been studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Most cling fishes have an outer thymus located beneath the opercular epithelium. A few of them, however, have a large inner thymus besides a poorly dev...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051770103

    authors: Gorgollon P

    更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00

  • The functional anatomy of the hindlimb of some African Viverridae (Carnivora).

    abstract::The functional anatomy of the hindlimb of 12 species of viverrids was studied with relation to locomotion. The animals were allocated to primary locomotor categories on the basis of their anatomy and locomotion. The climbing, arboreal walking category (Nandinia binotata) is characterized by a small sacroiliac articula...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051480208

    authors: Taylor ME

    更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00

  • Hypoxia-induced developmental plasticity of larval growth, gill and labyrinth organ morphometrics in two anabantoid fish: The facultative air-breather Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) and the obligate air-breather the blue gourami (Trichopodus tric

    abstract::Larval and juvenile air breathing fish may experience nocturnal and/or seasonal aquatic hypoxia. Yet, whether hypoxia induces respiratory developmental plasticity in larval air breathing fish is uncertain. This study predicted that larvae of two closely related anabantid fish-the facultative air breather the Siamese f...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20931

    authors: Mendez-Sanchez JF,Burggren WW

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Functional morphology of prey capture in the sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus.

    abstract::Acipenseriformes (sturgeon and paddlefish) are basal actinopterygians with a highly derived cranial morphology that is characterized by an anatomical independence of the jaws from the neurocranium. We examined the morphological and kinematic basis of prey capture in the Acipenseriform fish Scaphirhynchus albus, the pa...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10095

    authors: Carroll AM,Wainwright PC

    更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00

  • Developmental changes in the embryo, pronymph, and first molt of the scorpion Centruroides vittatus (scorpiones: buthidae).

    abstract::For the first time the scanning electron microscope was used to compare developmental changes in scorpion embryos and the first and second stadia. In the buthid species of this study, Centruroides vittatus, and all other scorpions, the newborn climb up on their mother's back and remain there without feeding for severa...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10227

    authors: Farley RD

    更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00

  • The morphology and histology of the endocrine pancreas of the southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis gray.

    abstract::The location and arrangement of the pancreatic endocrine tissue in larval and adult Geotria australis (Geotriidae) differ markedly from those exhibited by the comparable stages of Northern Hemisphere lampreys (Petromyzontidae). In larval Geotria australis, the main zones of islet proliferation are located laterally be...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051840302

    authors: Hilliard RW,Epple A,Potter IC

    更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00

  • Immunocytochemical and electrophoretic distribution of cytokeratins in the regenerating epidermis of the lizard Podarcis muralis.

    abstract::Using immunocytochemistry at light- and electron-microscope levels, we studied the distribution of three monoclonal antibodies (AE1, AE2, AE3) specific for mammalian alpha-keratins in regenerating lizard epidermis. We also characterized the keratins expressed during this process by immunoblotting after electrophoretic...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-4687(200012)246:3<179::AID-JMOR2>3.0.

    authors: Alibardi L,Maurizii MG,Taddei C

    更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00

  • Cytochemical observations of larval development in Eunapius fragilis (Leidy): Porifera; spongillidae.

    abstract::Freshwater sponges of the family Spongillidae reproduce sexually through formation of a parenchymula larva. The cytochemical characteristics of parenchymula larval metamorphosis - beginning with the blastula and terminating with the motile escape stage - for the spongillid Eunapius fragilis (Leidy) have been defined u...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051450202

    authors: Harrison FW,Cowden RR

    更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00