Abstract:
:The volume and velocity of data are growing rapidly and big data analytics are being applied to these data in many fields. Population and public health researchers may be unfamiliar with the terminology and statistical methods used in big data. This creates a barrier to the application of big data analytics. The purpose of this glossary is to define terms used in big data and big data analytics and to contextualise these terms. We define the five Vs of big data and provide definitions and distinctions for data mining, machine learning and deep learning, among other terms. We provide key distinctions between big data and statistical analysis methods applied to big data. We contextualise the glossary by providing examples where big data analysis methods have been applied to population and public health research problems and provide brief guidance on how to learn big data analysis methods.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Fuller D,Buote R,Stanley Kdoi
10.1136/jech-2017-209608subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-11-01 00:00:00pages
1113-1117issue
11eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738pii
jech-2017-209608journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the relative influence of area of residence on mortality risk along the life course in different age groups and to see if this differs for causes known to be related differently to various models of the life course. METHODS:Individual data from the Censuses in 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 from Oslo, ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.048090
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research on inequalities in health has shown a strong association between the lack of standard of living (defined as material deprivation) and self-rated health (SRH). In this study, we sought to further examine this association in a trend analysis of relative and absolute inequalities in SRH as defined by m...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-205948
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Using common alcohol consumption categories, to conduct a pooled analysis of six ongoing large-scale cohort studies in Japan in order to produce concrete estimates of the quantitative contribution of alcohol consumption to all-cause and major causes of mortality in the Japanese population. METHODS:Of the 30...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2010.121830
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are few longitudinal studies investigating the risk of major depression by socioeconomic status (SES). In this study, data from the longitudinal cohort of Canadian National Population Health Survey were used to estimate the risk of major depressive episode (MDE) over 6 years by SES levels. METHODS:The...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.090910
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been found for younger and middle-aged individuals, but studies of this relationship in elderly populations are rare. METHODS:In a population-based cohort in southern Germany (KORA S4/F4: 1223 subjects...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.094086
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the causal relationship between transport mode and body mass index (BMI). METHODS:We examined between-person differences and within-person changes in BMI by transport mode over four time points between 2007 and 2013. Data were from the How Areas in Brisbane Influence HealTh and AcT...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2017-209957
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Avoidable Mortality (AM) describes causes of death that should not occur in the presence of high-quality and timely medical treatment and from causes that can be influenced at least in part by public policy/behaviour. This study analyses black-white disparities in AM. METHODS:Mortality under age 65 was anal...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.081141
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To inform discussions on rates, burden and priority-setting in relation to police violence, we quantified the number and rate of years of life lost (YLLs) due to police violence by race/ethnicity and age in the USA, 2015-2016. METHODS:We used data on the number of deaths due to police violence from 'The Cou...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2017-210059
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To elucidate whether the risk of macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) is influenced by maternal body mass index and glucose tolerance differently in male and female fetuses. METHODS:A population study was conducted in 16 general hospitals from the Spanish National H...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.074542
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inconsistent results have been found on the association between air pollution and stroke mortality. Additionally, evidence on people who are potentially sensitive to air pollution-associated stroke mortality is limited. METHODS:Daily stroke mortality of adults aged over 65 between 2003 and 2008 in Shanghai,...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2012-201096
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:Analyses of causes of mortality in people with diabetes using data form death certificates mentioning diabetes provide unreliable estimates of mortality. Under-recording of diabetes as a cause on death certificates has been widely reported, ranging from 15-60%. Using a population based register on peopl...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.49.6.570
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To compare in-hospital mortality for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between metropolitan and non-metropolitan hospitals after adjustment for patients' severity; to examine the role of the use of effective cardiac medications in the possible mortality difference between these types of hospital. DESI...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.54.8.590
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this paper is to give an overview and comparison of different easily applicable statistical techniques to analyse recurrent event data. SETTING:These techniques include naive techniques and longitudinal techniques such as Cox regression for recurrent events, generalised estimating equati...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2004.030759
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whether or not, and how, health inequalities change throughout older age is currently under debate. The goal of this study was to assess the net impact of education, occupational class, income and wealth on frailty trajectories among older adults in Continental Europe. METHODS:We modelled frailty index traj...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207712
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the protective effect of storing firearms locked or unloaded, or both, on the risk of suicide by firearms among people with relatively low intention to die. DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross sectional survey. The 1993 National Mortality Followback Survey of 22 957 deaths in the United States, representing...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.017343
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Metabolic syndrome (MS) has an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, whether the concept of MS, applying the new joint interim statement definition, has a greater impact on incident CVD than its individual components is debated. METHODS:The authors related MS and its component...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2010.117697
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is commonly believed that nature has positive impacts on children's health, including physical, mental and social dimensions. This review focuses on how accessibility to, exposure to and engagement with nature affects the mental health of children and teenagers. METHODS:Ten academic databases were used t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-210436
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No clear synthesis of evidence examining household and area-level social determinants of multimorbidity exists. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature on associations between household and area-level social determinants of health (SDoH) and multimorbidity prevalence or incidence in...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214691
更新日期:2020-11-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D has been suggested to have a role in infection defence and on the immune system. We therefore investigated the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D₃) on the risk of incident hospitalised pneumonia in an ageing general population in eastern Finland. METHODS:The study population included 72...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202027
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the UK, overall stroke mortality has declined. A similar trend has been seen in coronary heart disease, although recent reports suggest this decline might be levelling off in middle-aged adults. AIM:To investigate recent trends in stroke mortality among those aged 40-69 years in England. METHODS:The aut...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.086785
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To establish the relation between socioeconomic status and the age-sex specific prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The hypothesis was that prevalence of type 2 diabetes would be inversely related to socioeconomic status but there would be no association with the prevalence of type 1 diabetes a...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.54.3.173
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-210763
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the United Kingdom on childhood leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins and from the United States on leukaemia in twins are analysed by a new method. The method distinguishes determinants occurring before the stage of pregnancy corresponding with the cleavage of MZ pairs, from determinants occurring after t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.38.1.12
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Rose Angina Questionnaire (RAQ) was constructed in the 1960s for assessing the population burden of angina. Studies have found that screening positivity by RAQ conferred an elevated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). It is, however, not clear to what extent Rose angina represents early CHD in relative...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203642
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence on the role of cannabis as a gateway drug is inconsistent. We characterise patterns of cannabis use among UK teenagers aged 13-18 years, and assess their influence on problematic substance use at age 21 years. METHODS:We used longitudinal latent class analysis to derive trajectories of cannabis use...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2016-208503
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are complex mixtures of persistent contaminants that are widespread in the environment. Newborns are exposed across the placenta and through breast feeding. Experimental animal studies have indicated that PCBs are neurotoxic. The neurological effects of these compounds on chi...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech.55.8.537
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to examine the possible influence of social class on the prevalence of cerebral palsy. DESIGN:The study was a retrospective population based survey of all cases of cerebral palsy. SETTING:The study involved all cases of cerebral palsy born to residents in the Eastern Health Bo...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.44.3.191
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study of 150 hotel prostitutes in Lagos was undertaken to determine their socioeconomic identity and, through an assessment of their health knowledge, attitude, and practice, their probable impact on public health. The subjects were selected from 15 hotels, representing 20% of the estimated hotel universe in Lagos a...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tobacco smoke pollution (TSP) has major negative effects on infant health. Our objectives were to determine the effectiveness of a brief primary care intervention directed at parents who smoke in reducing babies' TSP exposure, and to establish variables related to greater exposure. METHOD:A multicentre, ope...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204708
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic diseases are now a major health problem in developing countries as well as in the developed world. Although chronic diseases cannot be communicated from person to person, their risk factors (for example, smoking, inactivity, dietary habits) are readily transferred around the world. With increasing hu...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2007.060368
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00