Abstract：
:Coordinated activity in different sets of widely-projecting neurochemical systems characterize waking (W) and sleep (S). How and when this coordination is achieved during development is not known. We used embryos and newborns of a precocial bird species (chickens) to assess developmental activation in different neurochemical systems using cFos expression, which has been extensively employed to examine cellular activation during S and W in adult mammals. Similarly to adult mammals, newborn awake chicks showed significantly higher cFos expression in W-active hypocretin/orexin (H/O), serotonergic Dorsal Raphe, noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus and cholinergic Laterodorsal and Pedunculopontine Tegmental (Ch-LDT/PT) neurons when compared to sleeping chicks. cFos expression was significantly correlated both between these systems, and with the amount of W. S-active melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons showed very low cFos expression with no difference between sleeping and awake chicks, possibly due to the very short duration of S episodes. In embryonic chicks, cFos expression was low or absent across all five systems at embryonic day (E) 12. Unexpectedly, a strong activation was seen at E16 in H/O neurons. The highest activation of Ch-LDT/PT (also S-active) and MCH neurons was seen at E20. These data suggest that maturation of arousal systems is achieved soon after hatching, while S-control networks are active in late chick embryos.
journal_name
Neurosciencejournal_title
Neuroscienceauthors
Chan A,Li S,Lee AR,Leung J,Yip A,Bird J,Godden KE,Martinez-Gonzalez D,Rattenborg NC,Balaban E,Pompeiano Mdoi
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.048subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-17 00:00:00pages
219-234eissn
0306-4522issn
1873-7544pii
S0306-4522(16)30503-6journal_volume
339pub_type
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