Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the foramen magnum (FM) dimensions could be used for sex determination using the Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). METHODS:Two hundred and sixty six CBCT full Field Of View (FOV) scans (111 males and 115 female subjects) of the skull were retrospectively selected and the FM length, width measured on reconstructed axial cross section by two observers using the CS 3D imaging software at a slice thickness of 300 μm and the FM area subsequently calculated using two established formulae by Routal and Teixeira. All data were subjected to descriptive and discriminant functional analysis to validate the expression of sexual dimorphism in the metric parameters of FM. RESULTS:Using the FM dimensions the overall accuracy rate of sex determination was 66.4%. Out of these, 70.3% of males and 62.6% of females were sexed correctly. The best parameter for sex determination was the Area of the FM. In addition, the accuracy rate of sex prediction using the Area dimensions (Teixeira's formula) was 66.4%, same as that of all the four FM parameters used together. CONCLUSION:This study validates that there is statistically significant expression of sexual differences in the foramen magnum region, which may prove useful and reliable in predicting sex in partial skull remains by discriminant function analysis when other methods tend to be inconclusive. It suggests the reliability, usability and accuracy of CBCT in forensic identification.
journal_name
J Forensic Leg Medjournal_title
Journal of forensic and legal medicineauthors
Tambawala SS,Karjodkar FR,Sansare K,Prakash N,Dora ACdoi
10.1016/j.jflm.2016.08.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-11-01 00:00:00pages
29-34eissn
1752-928Xissn
1878-7487pii
S1752-928X(16)30092-0journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Isolated populations present a constant threat to the correctness of forensic genetic casework. In this review article we present several examples of how analyzing samples from isolated populations can bias the results of the forensic statistics and analyses. We select our examples from isolated populations from centr...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2017.04.001
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of commingled mutilated remains is a challenge to forensic experts and hence, a need of studies on estimation of stature from various body parts in different population groups. Such studies can help in narrowing down the pool of possible victim matches in cases of identification from dismembered rem...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2011.12.036
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All medico-legal cases investigated by the Nebraska Institute of Forensic Sciences, Inc. in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA, between 2003 and 2009, were reviewed for deaths which occurred in custody (n = 38). The causes of death, in ranked order, were natural causes 37% (14/38), followed by homicide 21% (8/38), accident 21% (8...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2012.04.008
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two cases of lethal gas embolism occurring in a hospital setting are presented. These did not differ with regards to the medical cause of death (MCOD), but did so with regard to the medico-legal cause of death (MLCOD). In the first case, the immediate recognition of a suspicious death and subsequent conservation of th...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2010.11.015
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Disability following traumatic spine injury often requires assessment for judicial reasons. OBJECTIVE:To determine the optimum time to carry out a medico-legal evaluation. METHODS:Retrospective study (1995-2000) of patients with traumatic spine injury with a follow-up of five years. The American Spinal I...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2007.06.003
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The case of a missing person is described whose body was discovered almost 8 months later on a secluded beach on the Solway coast, south west Scotland. The delay in discovery was due to the foot and mouth outbreak in the UK in 2001 and this resulted in conditions favouring the development of partial mummification. The...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcfm.2006.01.006
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tamponade due to rupture of the chambers of the heart, in particular the left ventricle, after blunt thoracic trauma is described only sparsely in the literature. Most cases involve multiple thoracic trauma following motor vehicle accidents. We present the case study of a five-year old victim of a household accident, ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2011.02.013
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wooden planks of different dimensions are commonly used in construction of buildings, fence of houses, bullock-carts and walls of huts. There is plenty of opportunity for wooden plants to be used as assault implements. Three cases of homicide are reported. In each case a wooden plank was the weapon of offence. The cau...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2007.04.002
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We reviewed the medical records of the 118 adolescent detainees which had at least one consultation by a psychiatrist at the prison health facility during 2007. General practitioners used the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2) for recording health problems. Psychiatrists used the International Class...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2012.02.013
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report for the first time the lack of therapeutic effects after the switch from a brand formulation of allopurinol to a generic one. A 56-year-old man, with a 5 years history of well-treated gout arthropathy with allopurinol (Zyloric(®) 300 mg/die), developed acute gout arthropathy after the switch from the brand f...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2013.02.007
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insects are an important group involved in carrion consumption and are thus of forensic interest. In the laboratory we studied the taphonomic marks that Necrobia rufipes (Cleridae) can produce. Pig trotters were exposed to adult beetles at 21 ± 3 °C and 12:12 h day/night cycle. We made observations and took photograph...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2015.04.020
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although several studies have recently assessed sex differences in fingerprint ridge density and its variability in human populations from different origins, such a study has not been carried out yet in the Amerindian population. The goal of this study was to determine the topological and sexual differences in fingerp...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2012.12.002
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paternity disputes and other forms of kinship testing are routinely resolved using short tandem repeat (STR) DNA loci. Sibship determination is encountered in instances where the DNA profiles of two individuals are compared to determine if they are siblings. If either parent is available for testing then the situation...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2007.12.018
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and Angelo Poliziano were two of the most important humanists of the Italian Renaissance. They died suddenly in 1494 and their deaths have been for centuries a subject of debate. The exhumation of their remains offered the opportunity to study the cause of their death through a multidisci...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2018.03.016
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study examines the content of autopsy reports (N = 184) for deaths that occurred following TASER exposure by police. Guided by previous research and national autopsy standards for other weapon-specific deaths, we evaluate 1) whether reports document situational characteristics of the police-citizen encount...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2015.06.010
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An elderly man was stabbed with a needle and syringe onto his abdomen while asleep. He progressively developed respiratory failure and coma and died an hour later. Autopsy findings and laboratory analysis confirmed the death as being due to poisoning by cyanide. This case highlights the need to consider cyanide as a p...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2011.02.010
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of cause-specific mortality data is one of the main sources of information for public health monitoring. In most industrialized countries, when a death occurs, it is a legal requirement that a medical certificate based on the international form recommended by World Health Organization's (WHO) is filled in by...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2016.12.004
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Legal medicine addresses the interface between medicine and law in health care. The Australian College of Legal Medicine (ACLM) established itself as the peak body in legal and forensic medicine in Australia. It helped establish the Expert Witness Institute of Australia (EWIA), the legal medicine programme at Griffith...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2007.08.003
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measuring teeth is a useful adjunct in sex assessment. Canines, in particular, have the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism, resist disease and survive postmortem trauma, rendering them highly valuable in identification. Hence, their exclusive use in odontometric sex assessment using the Mandibular Canine Index (MCI)...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2008.08.005
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of insects on human cadavers has potential judicial value in medicolegal cases. This research emphasized the important role of insects in postmortem decomposition. It was conducted to investigate the composition and abundance of insects from human corpses during autopsies in legal medicine. It was impleme...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2017.12.016
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suicide is an important health hazard worldwide. Hanging is one of the preferred means of committing suicide in India. The current research is aimed to describe the victimologic profile and find the gender differences in suicidal hanging in Manipal, South India. A 10-year retrospective review of medicolegal autopsy re...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2008.05.004
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the daily practice of external post-mortem examinations and dealing with surviving dependents, striking failures can be observed regularly, pointing to an increased demand for training of the various professional groups involved. In this study, the experience gained from using simulation mannequins and actors for p...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102102
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Custody-related death is an internationally key sensitive issue with respect to Human Rights. The causes of death and associated factors in this vulnerable population vary according to country and region. The present study attempted to analyze the different causes of custody-related deaths and associated f...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2020.101915
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Firecracker display is used worldwide for celebrating religious festivities, New Year celebrations and various other occasions. Explosion during the manufacture of firecrackers can result in serious injuries. We, herein, report a case, where a person succumbed to injuries sustained in an explosion in a firecracker fac...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2009.12.002
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sudden cardiac deaths constitute a major health problem. Most cases are attributed to cardiomyopathies, coronary artery diseases and functional dysregulations. Sudden death in an adult due to a primitive cardiac tumor is a rare occurrence. In the following, we present a case of an adult male who died from an undiagnos...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2010.08.009
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to describe toxicological findings among women seeking health care after sexual assault, and to assess the relationship with so-called proactive DFSA (drug facilitated sexual assault). We also explored associations between ethanol in blood/urine and background data, assault characteristics...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2013.05.005
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the investigation of sexual assault, penile swabs from an alleged perpetrator are processed as part of the routine procedure. The results of the forensic DNA analysis may subsequently be presented in court. Documentation on the expectancy of finding female cells on post-coital penile swabs is scarce. Reviews fr...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2012.02.029
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injury to the male external genitalia is relatively uncommon when compared with other parts of the human body. Trauma to external genitalia could result from accidents involving motor vehicles, power farm machinery, gun shot and stab injuries. We present a rare case of traumatic degloving injury of male external genit...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2008.05.020
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of semen is generally accepted as evidence in sexual assault cases prosecution. Detection of sperm is confirmation of semen; however, sperm cannot always be detected. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and semenogelin (Sg) are used as semen biomarkers. We compared the detection rate and persistence of sperm,...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2017.12.017
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Infantile cerebral palsy (CP) severely affects the survival and quality of life of infants. CP is typically caused by multiple factors, leading to causal uncertainty of the role of medical errors in CP and resulting in frequent medical disputes. No relevant research exists on risk management and malpractice liabili...
journal_title：Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jflm.2018.11.010
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
