Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Since the Helsinki Declaration was introduced in 1964 as a code of practice for clinical research, it has generally been agreed that research governance is also needed in the field of public health and health promotion research. Recently, a range of factors led to the development of more stringent bureaucratic procedures, governing the conduct of low-risk population-based health research in the United Kingdom. METHODS:Our paper highlights a case study of the application process to medical research ethics committees in the United Kingdom for a study of the promotion of physical activity by health care providers. The case study presented here is an illustration of the challenges in conducting low-risk population-based health research. RESULTS:Our mixed-methods approach involved a questionnaire survey of and semi-structured interviews with health professionals (who were all healthy volunteers). Since our study does not involve the participation of either patients or the general population, one would expect the application to the relevant research ethics committees to be a formality. This proved not to be the case! CONCLUSION:Research ethics committees could be counter-productive, rather than protecting the vulnerable in the research process, they can stifle low-risk population-based health research. Research ethics in health services research is first and foremost the responsibility of the researcher(s), and we need to learn to trust health service researchers again. The burden of current research governance regulation to address the perceived ethical problems is neither appropriate nor adequate. Senior researchers/academics need to educate and train students and junior researchers in the area of research ethics, whilst at the same time reducing pressures on them that lead to unethical research, such as commercial funding, inappropriate government interference and the pressure to publish. We propose that non-invasive low-risk population-based health studies such as face-to-face interviews with health and social care professionals or postal questionnaire studies with patients on non-sensitive topics are given a waiver or a light touch review. We suggest that this can be achieved through a two-staged ethics application process. The first stage starts with a one or two-page outline application which ethics committees can use as the basis to grant a waiver or request a full application.
journal_name
BMC Public Healthjournal_title
BMC public healthauthors
van Teijlingen ER,Douglas F,Torrance Ndoi
10.1186/1471-2458-8-396subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-11-28 00:00:00pages
396issn
1471-2458pii
1471-2458-8-396journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:People often search for information on influenza A(H1N1)v prevention on the web. The extent to which information found on the Internet is consistent with recommendations issued by the World Health Organization is unknown. METHODS:We conducted a search for "swine flu" accessing 3 of the most popular search e...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-561
更新日期:2010-09-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study examined two main hypotheses: a) Polish immigrants' smoking estimates are greater than their Irish counterparts (b) Polish immigrants purchasing cigarettes from Poland smoke "heavier" (>/= 20 cigarettes a day) when compared to those purchasing cigarettes from Ireland. The study also set out to ide...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-428
更新日期:2008-12-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The debate on socioeconomic inequalities in health dominates the research and policy agenda of many countries. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is on the rise in recent years in Botswana. As a prevention and policy effort, the study provided an empirical evidence on socioeconomic inequaliti...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7405-x
更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is currently unknown if school-based social norms interventions are effective in preventing harmful alcohol consumption and other drug use among adolescents in Denmark. This paper describes the social norms-based programme The GOOD life and the design of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to test its e...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3333-1
更新日期:2016-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High-risk strategies would only have a modest effect on suicide prevention within a population. It is best to incorporate both high-risk and population-based strategies to prevent suicide. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of suicide prevention between high-risk and population-based strategies. M...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-625
更新日期:2014-06-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is limited uptake of measures to prevent malaria by pregnant women in Nigeria which is often related to the lack of knowledge on Malaria in Pregnancy (MIP) and its effects on mother and foetus. This study, explored peer to peer education as a tool in raising knowledge of MIP among women of child bearin...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-610
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hand hygiene is a simple and low-cost measure to reduce healthcare associated infection yet it has always been a concern in low as well as high resource settings across the globe. Poor hand hygiene during intra-partum and newborn care may result in sepsis, which is a major cause of death among newborns and p...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6219-6
更新日期:2018-11-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Taxes on alcohol and tobacco have long been an important means of raising revenues for public spending in many countries but there is increasing interest in using taxes on these, and other unhealthy products, to achieve public health goals. We present a systematic review of the research on health taxes, and ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4497-z
更新日期:2017-06-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the decline in childhood caries prevalence, seen particularly in 1980s, in recent years there have been reports that the declining trend has stopped or even reversed in some countries. The aim of the study was to analyse data from previous epidemiological studies on early childhood caries in the Czec...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-547
更新日期:2012-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a hidden public health disease that affects up to 20% of the general population. Although co-morbidity can affect diagnose setting and treatment of the disease, there are few studies concerning diagnosed and registered co-morbidity for IBS patients in primary care. The aim o...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-832
更新日期:2013-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria remains a serious clinical and public health problem, the object of an ongoing technological and humanitarian struggle to abate the very substantial harm done. The manner by which humanity approached malaria control changed abruptly and profoundly after 1945 with the advent of the insecticide DDT. Malariologis...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4454-x
更新日期:2017-06-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is widely believed that corporate actors exert substantial influence on the making of public health policy, including in the alcohol field. However, the industry is far from being monolithic, comprising a range of producers and retailers with varying and diverse interests. With a focus on contemporary deb...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-483
更新日期:2012-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mobility limitations in older adults are associated with poor clinical outcomes including higher mortality and disability rates. A decline in mobility (including physical function and life-space) is detectable and should be discovered as early as possible, as it can still be stabilized or even reversed in ea...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-8069-2
更新日期:2019-12-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between mean body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity in adult populations living in Brazilian State capitals. METHODS:An ecological study was conducted, using data from the National Household Budget Survey conducted in July 2002 through Ju...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1637-1
更新日期:2015-04-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several World Health Organisation reports over recent years have highlighted the high incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Contributory factors include unhealthy diets, alcohol and tobacco use and sedentary lifestyles. This paper reports the findings of a review ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-538
更新日期:2010-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim was to investigate the associations between mental disorders and three different measures of labour-market marginalisation, and differences between native Swedes and immigrants. METHODS:The study comprised 1,753,544 individuals, aged 20-35 years, and resident in Sweden 2004. They were followed 2005-...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4504-4
更新日期:2017-06-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Common mental disorders are frequent psychiatric comorbid conditions among people with HIV/AIDS. The presence of such psychiatric disorders negatively affects the treatment adherence, viral load suppression, quality of life, treatment outcomes and functionality of people with HIV/AIDS. However, available stu...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08800-8
更新日期:2020-05-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In low tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries TB affects mostly immigrants in the productive age group. Little empirical information is available about direct and indirect TB-related costs that patients face in these high-income countries. We assessed the direct and indirect costs of immigrants with TB in the...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-283
更新日期:2009-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bullying and victimization are widespread phenomena in childhood and can have a serious impact on well-being. Children from families with a low socioeconomic background have an increased risk of this behaviour, but it is unknown whether socioeconomic status (SES) of school neighbourhoods is also related to b...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-494
更新日期:2012-07-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Public Health policies related to social distancing efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic helped slow the infection rate. However, individual-level factors associated with social distancing are largely unknown. We sought to examine social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan, an infection "hots...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10287-w
更新日期:2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Work-related burns are common among occupational injuries. Zhejiang Province is an industrial area with a high incidence of chemical burns. We aimed to survey epidemiological features of chemical burns in Zhejiang province to determine associated factors and acquire data for developing a strategy to prevent ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-746
更新日期:2011-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), laypersons play a significant role in providing initial care to injured victims of traffic accidents. Post-crash first aid (PFA) training programmes for laypersons have become an important response to addressing knowledge and skills gaps in pre-hospital care. Howev...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08692-8
更新日期:2020-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Sahrawi people fled their homes in 1975 as the conflict in Western Sahara escalated and settled down near Tindouf, Algeria, where they still live. High prevalence of overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes had been found in this protracted refugee setting. Scaling up national policy efforts to promote...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10217-w
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fear of falling and avoidance of activity are common in old age and are suggested to be (public) health problems of equal importance to falls. Earlier studies of correlates of fear of falling and avoidance of activity did hardly differentiate between severe and mild levels of fear of falling and avoidance of...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-170
更新日期:2009-06-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Seasonal influenza is a viral disease whose annual epidemics are estimated to cause three to five million cases of severe illness and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide. Vaccination is the main strategy for primary prevention. METHODS:To assess the status of influenza vaccination in the Americas, influenza...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-361
更新日期:2009-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Based on the need for better measurement of the retail food environment in rural settings and to examine how deprivation may be unique in rural settings, the aims of this study were: 1) to validate one commercially available data source with direct field observations of food retailers; and 2) to examine the ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-688
更新日期:2012-08-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Presenteeism is highly prevalent and costly to employers. It is defined as being present at work, but limited in some aspect of job performance by a health problem.Workplace health promotion (WHP) is a common strategy used to enhance on-the-job productivity. The primary objective is to determine if WHP progr...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-395
更新日期:2011-05-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Two new sets of stratification indicators--family's material affluence and adolescent's personal social position- were compared with traditional indicators of familial social position based on parental occupation and education for their ability to detect health inequality among adolescents. METHODS:Survey d...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-110
更新日期:2006-04-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ghana has reached an advanced stage of nutrition transition, contributing to an increase in nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, particularly amongst urban women. Community involvement is an important factor in the success of efforts to promote healthy eating. The readiness of populations to accept a...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6989-5
更新日期:2019-05-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Effective interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in children are urgently needed especially in inner-city neighbourhoods where prevalence of overweight and inactivity among primary school children is high. A school based intervention was developed aiming at the reduction of overweight and inactivity...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-257
更新日期:2008-07-25 00:00:00