Abstract：
:Biomass burning aerosols mainly consist of black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OAs), and some of OAs are brown carbon (BrC). This study simulates the colors of BrC, BC and their mixture with scattering OAs in the ambient atmosphere by using a combination of light scattering simulations, a two-stream radiative transfer model and a RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color model. We find that both BCs and tar balls (a class of BrC) appear brownish at small particle sizes and blackish at large sizes. This is because the aerosol absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) largely controls the color and larger particles give smaller AAE values. At realistic size distributions, BCs look more blackish than tar balls, but still exhibit some brown color. However, when the absorptance of aerosol layer at green wavelength becomes larger than approximately 0.8, all biomass burning aerosols look blackish. The colors for mixture of purely scattering and absorptive carbonaceous aerosol layers in the atmosphere are also investigated. We suggest that the brownishness of biomass burning aerosols indicates the amount of BC/BrC as well as the ratio of BC to BrC.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Liu C,Chung CE,Zhang F,Yin Ydoi
10.1038/srep28267subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-06-16 00:00:00pages
28267issn
2045-2322pii
srep28267journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Protein aggregation is a process by which misfolded proteins polymerizes into aggregates and forms fibrous structures with a β-sheet conformation, known as amyloids. It is an undesired outcome, as it not only causes numerous neurodegenerative diseases, but is also a major deterrent in the development of protein biopha...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep45777
更新日期：2017-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:PCTAIRE kinase 3 (PCTK3) is a member of the cyclin dependent kinase family, but its physiological function remains unknown. We previously reported that PCTK3-knockdown HEK293T cells showed actin accumulation at the leading edge, suggesting that PCTK3 is involved in the regulation of actin reorganization. In this study...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep45545
更新日期：2017-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Phase distribution of emerging organic contaminants is highly influential in their presence, fate and transport in surface water. Therefore, it is crucial to determine their state, partitioning behaviour and tendencies in water environments. In this study, Bisphenol A was investigated in both colloidal and soluble pha...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-77454-8
更新日期：2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) are processes where stars are torn apart by the strong gravitational force near to a massive or supermassive black hole. If a jet is launched in such a process, particle acceleration may take place in internal shocks. We demonstrate that jetted TDEs can simultaneously describe the observ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-29022-4
更新日期：2018-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone scan abnormalities, especially rib lesions, are often confusing for physicians due to a high number of false-positive lesions. This study investigated risk factors that are associated with bone metastasis in 613 breast cancer patients with bone scan abnormalities. Significantly increased rates of bone metastasis ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep09587
更新日期：2015-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Light-inducible gene regulation has great potential for remote and noninvasive control of the fate and function of target cells. One method to achieve such control is delivery of heat shock protein (HSP) promoter-driven protein expression vectors and photothermal heaters into the cells, followed by activation by illum...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-04912-1
更新日期：2017-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The study utilizes autofluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) along with multivariate spectral analysis for differentiating various stages of hepatic fibrosis. AFS has recently emerged as an efficient tool for evaluating the variations in different endogenous flurophores. In this study, the potential of AFS for differentiati...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-29370-1
更新日期：2018-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a key enzyme for the catalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid. Genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 have been associated with a wide range of diseases and cancers. However, little information is found about the association between ALDH2 polymorphisms and lumbar disc herniation (LDH...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-31491-6
更新日期：2018-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrasonic spray coating process (USCP) with high material -utilization, low manufacture costs and compatibility to streamline production has been attractive in researches on photoelectric devices. However, surface tension exists in the solvent is still a huge obstacle to realize smooth organic film for organic light ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep37042
更新日期：2016-11-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats are effective model animals and have contributed to the development of human medicine and basic research. However, the application of reproductive engineering techniques to rats is not as advanced compared with mice, and genome editing in rats has not been achieved using embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-47964-1
更新日期：2019-08-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Metagenomics brings in new discoveries and insights into the uncultured microbial world. One fundamental task in metagenomics analysis is to determine the taxonomy of raw sequence fragments. Modern sequencing technologies produce relatively short fragments and greatly increase the number of fragments, and thus make th...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-09947-y
更新日期：2017-08-25 00:00:00
abstract：:To date, analyses of individual targets have provided evidence of a miRNA targetome that extends beyond the boundaries of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and can involve non-Watson-Crick base pairing in the miRNA seed region. Here we report our findings from analyzing 34 Argonaute HITS-CLIP datasets from several human and mous...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep05947
更新日期：2014-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Alignment-free methods, in which shared properties of sub-sequences (e.g. identity or match length) are extracted and used to compute a distance matrix, have recently been explored for phylogenetic inference. However, the scalability and robustness of these methods to key evolutionary processes remain to be investigat...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep06504
更新日期：2014-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:China's reported cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and AIDS increased from over 50000 in 2011 to more than 130000 in 2017, while AIDS related search indices on Baidu from 2.1 million to 3.7 million in the same time periods. In China, people seek AIDS related knowledge from Baidu which one of the world's larg...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-35685-w
更新日期：2019-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) can treat portal hypertensive complications and modifies hepatic hemodynamics. Modification of liver perfusion can alter contrast enhancement dynamics of liver nodules. This study investigated the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to diag...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-77801-9
更新日期：2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Our understanding of the interaction between the gut microbiota and host health has recently improved dramatically. However, the effects of toxic metal exposure on the gut microbiota remain poorly characterized. As this microbiota creates a critical interface between the external environment and the host's cells, it m...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-24931-w
更新日期：2018-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Polymersome nanoparticles (PMs) are attractive candidates for spatio-temporal controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. Although many studies have addressed cellular uptake of solid nanoparticles, there is very little data available on intracellular release of molecules encapsulated in membranous carriers, such as po...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep29460
更新日期：2016-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The polychaetous annelid Neanthes acuminata complex has a widespread distribution, with the California population referred to as N. arenaceodentata. The reproductive pattern in this complex is unique, in that the female reproduces once and then dies, whereas the male can reproduce up to nine times. The male incubates ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep13561
更新日期：2015-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess extraspinal findings (ESFs) prevalence in lumbar spine MRI, including clinically significant findings using a systematic approach, and to determine their reporting rate. Lumbar spine MRI scans were retrospectively reviewed over 18 months by two radiologists. Reading discrepancies were resolved by consensus. ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-021-81069-y
更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant extracts, or phytonutrients, are used in traditional medicine practices as supplements to enhance the immune system and gain resistance to various infectious diseases and are used in animal production as health promoting feed additives. To date, there are no studies that have assessed their mechanism of action a...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep09253
更新日期：2015-03-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Landau-Zener (LZ) transition has received renewed interest as an alternative approach to control single-qubit states. An LZ transition occurs when a system passes through an avoided crossing that arises from quantum mechanical coupling of two levels, taking the system to a coherent superposition of the two states. The...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-23468-2
更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently, light pollution has become a nonnegligible issue in our daily life. Artificial light sources with high color temperature were deem to be the major pollution source, which could induce several adverse effects on human's health. In our previous research, we have firstly developed an artificial indoor light wi...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-43864-6
更新日期：2019-05-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of attention between competing processing demands can have dramatic real-world consequences, however little is known about how limited attentional resources are distributed during real-world behaviour. Here we employ mobile EEG to characterise the allocation of attention across multiple sensory-cognit...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-51996-y
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is a significant challenge to regenerate full-thickness skin defects with sweat glands. Various skin substitutes have been developed to resolve this issue with minimal success. In this study, to yield a novel construct for in situ regeneration of sweat glands, the collagen-chitosan porous scaffold was combined with...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-17967-x
更新日期：2017-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The intermittent electromagnetic fields with a large [Formula: see text] can enhance the properties of ferromagnetic materials and significantly affect paramagnetic materials. In this study, the effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the crystal orientation of the primary phase and microstructure evolution of an ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-67352-4
更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The synthesis of ordered monolayers of gold nano-urchin (Au-NU) nanostructures with controlled size, directly on thin films using a simple electrochemical method is reported in this study. In order to demonstrate one of the vast potential applications, the developed Au-NUs were formed on the electrodes of transducers ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep24625
更新日期：2016-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry promises higher performance in terms of quantification and reproducibility compared to data-dependent acquisition mass spectrometry methods. To enable high-accuracy quantification of Staphylococcus aureus proteins, we have developed a global ion library for data-independe...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-10059-w
更新日期：2017-09-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic fibrosis is caused by exaggerated wound healing response to chronic injury, which eventually leads to hepatic cirrhosis. Differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to myofibroblast-like cells by inflammatory cytokines is the critical step in fibrosis. This step is accompanied by enlargement of the endopl...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-08703-6
更新日期：2017-08-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Developing immunoassay for absolute quantitation of protein biomarkers in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) samples promises improved objectivity, consistency and accuracy in daily clinical practice. The feasibility of Quantitative Dot Blot (QDB) method for this purpose was explored in this study. We were able t...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-69471-4
更新日期：2020-07-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it is clear that lipids are responsible for insulin resistance, it is poorly understood what types of lipids are involved. In this study, we verified the characteristic lipid species in skeletal muscle of a chronic exercise training model and a high-fat induced-obesity model. Three different lipidomics analys...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep03267
更新日期：2013-11-20 00:00:00
