Abstract：
PURPOSE:To describe and interpret "choroidal caverns," an unreported optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding in the choroid of patients with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to atrophic AMD. METHODS:Retrospective analysis of patients with GA. Main outcomes measures included estimation of the prevalence of choroidal caverns, their localization and relation with retinal-choroidal structures by reviewing medical records and multimodal imaging. RESULTS:One hundred twenty consecutive patients (mean age 80.5 ± 8.61 years) were included. Among the 201 eyes with GA, 17 eyes of 15 patients presented choroidal caverns on OCT B-scan in GA areas (a total of 43 choroidal caverns, mean 2.5/eye, variably localized in the Sattler and Haller layers, with relative preservation of the choriocapillaris). This accounts for 12.5% estimated prevalence (6.5-18.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of choroidal caverns in GA areas of atrophic AMD patients. Choroidal caverns appeared on OCT (both B-scan and en face) as gaping hyporeflective cavities in the choroid, typically empty, angular, without hyperreflective borders, often with punctate/linear hyperreflectivities internally. Indocyanine angiography and OCT-Angiography confirmed that the areas occupied by these cavities do not represent perfused choroidal blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS:Choroidal caverns represent a relatively infrequent peculiar finding in GA areas of atrophic AMD eyes. They appear as gaping angular hyporeflective cavities in areas devoid of choroidal vessels, often with punctate/linear hyperreflectivities internally. Choroidal caverns may possibly arise from nonperfused ghost vessels and persistence of stromal pillars where the vessels were originally situated.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Querques G,Costanzo E,Miere A,Capuano V,Souied EHdoi
10.1167/iovs.16-19083subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-05-01 00:00:00pages
2578-82issue
6eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
2522100journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:To identify the distribution of creatine transporter (CRT) in the aged human retina and how this expression pattern is modified after retinal detachment. METHODS:An affinity-purified antibody raised against the CRT was used in the immunohistochemical investigation. The anti-CRT antibody was colocalized with ne...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-8462
更新日期：2012-04-18 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Subretinal fibrosis causes damage to visual acuity, especially if the lesion is in the macula, as is frequently observed in advanced age-related macular degeneration. Exudate leukocytes form abnormal vessels that initiate regional inflammation accompanied with local glial proliferation and matrix production. Th...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-5189
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Linear nonperforating incisions were made in the corneas of 2-week-old and 2-year-old rabbits. The resulting wounds were examined by light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A corneal incision of a 2-week-old rabbit produced a wide gaping wound caused by retraction of the cut stromal lamella...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a recently discovered, amidated 36 amino acid residue neuropeptide present in many but not all sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. In the guinea-pig eye, NPY immunoreactive fibers were found to have the same distribution as noradrenergic fibers except that there were fewer at the iris dilator, i...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The effects of adrenergic agonists and antagonists on Na+, K+, Cl- cotransport in fetal human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells were investigated. METHODS:86Rb+ as a marker for K+ was used to study ouabain-insensitive, bumetanide-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake in cultured NPE monolayers. Cyclic adenosine mon...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Recent retrospective clinical studies and animal experiments have suggested that cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) is important in glaucoma, acting through the translaminar pressure (TLP = IOP - CSFP), which directly affects the optic nerve head. In this study, IOP and intracranial pressure (ICP; a surrogate ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.12.18
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The capacities of porcine choroidal fibroblasts, retinal glial cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells to contract collagen gels in vitro were compared. Experiments with varied cell numbers indicated that glial cells are the most effective, followed by choroidal fibroblasts and retinal pigment epithelial cells. An...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the behavior of fibroblasts and retinal pigment epithelial cells after attachment to the retinal surface in vitro to elucidate the pathobiology of the early stages of epiretinal membrane formation. METHODS:Human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells and bovine Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (BTFs) we...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the characteristics of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in murine experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). METHODS:EAU was induced by immunization with bovine interphotoreceptor retinal binding protein (IRBP) in Freund's complete adjuvant (subcutaneous injection) and pertussis toxin (intraper...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A human biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis was used to develop a murine model of ocular chlamydial infection. The inbred mouse model will allow detailed immunologic studies during ocular infection, and use of a human biovar for infection may aid in identification of appropriate vaccine strategies against chlamydia...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the possibility that ocular surface epithelial cells might be grown in culture for use as grafts. METHODS:The proliferative capacity of epithelial cells cultured from the conjunctiva, limbus, and central cornea of normal human eyes was compared. Single cells disaggregated from approximately 1 mm2 bi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To determine if there is structural and functional recovery of the retina from light induced retinal degeneration, and to evaluate the role of the oxidative stress response elements Nrf2, SOD1, DJ-1, and Parkin in such a recovery process. Methods:Eyes from C57BL/6J (B6J) mice and from oxidative stress response...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-25751
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A pattern electroretinogram (PERG) can be recorded when the eye wearing the electrode is occluded and the stimulus is viewed with the other eye. We find that this phenomenon occurs when an Arden gold foil electrode is used, but not when either an ERG-Jet lens or a scleral lens electrode is used. Therefore, a corneal-t...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Protein kinases C (PKCs) are key cell-signaling mediators in retinal physiology and pathophysiology. The cellular localization of PKC isoforms is important in defining their activity and specificity; the present study investigated the modulatory potential of the proinflammatory mediator platelet-activating fact...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0290
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to determine whether alteration in mucins could be detected in patients with dry eye symptoms by using the monoclonal antibody H185, which recognizes carbohydrate epitopes on mucin molecules. METHODS:Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy was used to examine binding ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The susceptibility of Candida albicans to topical amphotericin B and natamycin was evaluated in a model of stromal keratitis in Dutch-belted rabbits and compared with minimal inhibitory concentrations in vitro. Treatment was delayed 24 hr to allow invasive disease to occur and was then continued for 5 days. Ten strain...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopamine, cis-flupenthixol, and dibutyryl cAMP affected the standing potential and light-evoked responses of the perfused cat eye in vitro. At micromolar concentrations, dopamine, a retinal neurotransmitter, increased the standing potential of the eye. At slightly higher concentrations, dopamine abolished the "light p...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the contribution of copy number variation (CNV) in glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) to the susceptibility to age-related cataract (ARC) and its subtypes in a Han Chinese population. METHODS:ARC cases (n = 279) and controls (n = 145) were included from a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-5240
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether integrin-linked kinase (ILK) controls the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in the trabecular meshwork (TM) by regulating integrin co-signaling. METHODS:The cell binding domain and the Heparin II (Hep II) domain of fibronectin were used to activate α5β1 and α4β1 integrin signaling, re...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-6397
更新日期：2011-03-25 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To compare the visual field (VF) progression among high tension glaucoma (HTG), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) subjects in routine clinical care. Methods:All patients had ≥5 VF tests using HFA, 24-2, SITA-standard strategy. We compared the progression between glaucoma ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-25421
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Amphibian retinas regenerate after injury, making them ideal for studying the mechanisms of retinal regeneration, but this leaves their value as models of retinal degeneration in question. The authors asked whether the initial cellular changes after rod loss in the regenerative model Xenopus laevis mimic those ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-5347
更新日期：2011-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare confocal scanning laser tomography (CSLT) to optic disc photography for detecting progressive glaucomatous disc changes. METHODS:Four expert observers first examined a training set of 40 pairs of monoscopic disc photographs to help set a criterion for change. They then classified 44 pairs of monosco...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2457
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We evaluated the clinical use of segmented macular layer thickness measurement in terms of glaucoma diagnosis and the ability to detect progression, and to compare such outcomes to those by circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cRNFLT) and total macular thickness (TMT) measurements. METHODS:The study incl...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-9369
更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:In many individuals with pattern strabismus, the vertical misalignment varies with horizontal eye position. It has been proposed that these cross-axis effects result from abnormal cross-talk between brainstem structures that would normally encode horizontal and vertical eye position and velocity. The nucleus pr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.5.45
更新日期：2020-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Tests for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis have not been well characterized, because there is no gold standard test. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory and clinical tests for trachoma in the absence of a gold standard. METHODS:Individual data from pr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-7419
更新日期：2011-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:IFT81, a core component of the IFT-B complex, involved in the bidirectional transport of ciliary proteins, has been recently implicated in syndromic ciliopathies. However, none of the IFT-B core complex proteins have been associated with nonsyndromic retinal dystrophies. Given the importance of ciliary transpor...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-19133
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the concentration of riboflavin in human donor corneas during corneal cross-linking using two-photon optical microscopy and spectrophotometry. METHODS:Eight corneal tissues were de-epithelialized and soaked with 20% dextran-enriched 0.1% riboflavin solution for 30 minutes. After stromal soaking...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18651
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the consequences of altering retinal sterol metabolism and composition on the development, histologic organization, and electrophysiological function of the retina, under conditions that mimic the biochemical hallmarks of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO) syndrome. METHODS:Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats we...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To accelerate the development of new therapies, an inherited retinal degeneration model in a nonhuman primate would be useful to confirm the efficacy in preclinical studies. In this study, we describe the discovery of retinitis pigmentosa in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) pedigree. Methods:First, sc...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-22958
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accurate assessment of ocular alignment in monkeys is difficult because typical clinical methods require extensive cooperation by the subject or provide only a rough estimate of the misalignment. Recently, Brodie derived a geometrical model for determining the Hirschberg ratio in humans, and validated it photographica...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
