Abstract：
PURPOSE:Tests for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis have not been well characterized, because there is no gold standard test. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory and clinical tests for trachoma in the absence of a gold standard. METHODS:Individual data from pretreatment, hyperendemic areas in Ethiopia were used. A clustered LCA was performed for three diagnostic tests: PCR and WHO simplified criteria grades of follicular trachoma (TF) and intense trachomatous inflammation (TI). RESULTS:Data from 2111 subjects in 40 villages were available. TF was estimated to be 87.3% (95% CI, 83.3-90.1) sensitive and 36.6% (95% CI, 23.6-40.3) specific; TI was estimated to be 53.6% (95% CI, 46.1-88.0) sensitive and 88.3% (95% CI, 83.3-92.0) specific, and PCR was estimated to be 87.5% (95% CI, 79.9-97.2) sensitive and 100% (95% CI 69.3-100) specific. CONCLUSIONS:LCA allows for an estimate of test characteristics without prior assumption of their performance. TF and TI were found to act in a complementary manner: TF is a sensitive test and TI is a specific test. PCR is highly specific but lacks sensitivity. The performance of these tests may be due to the time course of ocular chlamydial infection, and for this reason, results may differ in areas of low prevalence or recent mass treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221364).
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
See CW,Alemayehu W,Melese M,Zhou Z,Porco TC,Shiboski S,Gaynor BD,Eng J,Keenan JD,Lietman TMdoi
10.1167/iovs.11-7419subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-08-03 00:00:00pages
6133-7issue
9eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
iovs.11-7419journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:A simple clinical method for measurement of light backscatter from defined regions of the lens in vivo is described. Light scattering was quantitated in 168 lenses of 85 "normal" subjects spanning 8 decades of life. The results indicate that light scatter from the anterior capsule does not change with age. The light s...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous investigations have shown that corneal epithelium, migrating to cover a wound, synthesizes protein and glycoprotein at a faster rate than does normal stratified epithelium. The authors have found that the maximal rate of synthesis, as indicated by the incorporation of leucine and glucosamine, occurs 16 hr aft...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:7-Ketocholesterol is a highly toxic oxysterol found in abundance in atherosclerotic plaques and is believed to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to identify and localize 7-ketocholesterol (7kCh) in the primate retina and to examine the potential consequences of its presence ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2373
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium removal from the solution bathing the isolated rabbit corneal endothelium caused a reduction in both unidirectional and net flux of bicarbonate, whereas chloride withdrawal from the solution had no effect on the net bicarbonate flux but increased the unidirectional fluxes. These data correlate with previously p...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether adenovirus vectors are capable of transferring a foreign active protein to the perfused anterior segment of the human eye. METHODS:Primary cultures from the human trabecular meshwork tissue were exposed to replication-deficient adenovirus Av1LacZ4 carrying the reporter beta-galactosidase g...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:During mammalian embryonic eyelid closure ADAM17 has been proposed to play a role as a transactivator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by shedding membrane bound EGFR ligands. However, ADAM17 also sheds numerous other ligands, thus implicating ADAM17 in additional molecular pathways. The goa...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-11130
更新日期：2013-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine factors affecting the disc-fovea angle (DFA), and to test the hypotheses that adjusting for DFA improves limits of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) variability in normal subjects or enhances performance of RNFL measures for glaucoma detection. METHODS:Disc-fovea angle was measured on scanning lase...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-14962
更新日期：2014-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Two noninvasive delivery strategies for VEGF/PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKI) were explored that exploited uveal retention as a means for establishing an ocular drug depot: a single oral "loading" dose and topical administration. METHODS:Melanin binding was confirmed by centrifugation and mass s...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-10169
更新日期：2013-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To measure the effects of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFp) on retrolaminar tissue pressure (RLTp) and the translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG), particularly at low CSFp, which is the normal situation in erect posture. METHODS:Micropipettes coupled to a servonull pressure system were passed into eyes of ane...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Aging is a critical risk factor for the development of retinal diseases, but how aging perturbs ocular homeostasis and contributes to disease is unknown. We identified transmembrane protein 135 (Tmem135) as a gene important for regulating retinal aging and mitochondrial dynamics in mice. Overexpression of Tmem1...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.12.16
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual impairment in developed countries. While DR has been described classically as a microvascular disease, recent evidence suggests that changes to retinal microglia are an early feature of retinopathy. In our study, we assessed changes in microglial distribution...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-10876
更新日期：2013-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Alloantigens placed into the anterior chamber of the eye elicit antigen-specific suppression of systemic delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and severe impairment of skin allograft rejection. This pattern of immunologic alteration has been termed anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) and is th...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) extractable from the trabecular meshworks (TM) of human and non-human primate eye have been analyzed by sequential enzymatic degradation and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. For comparison, similar extracts of the cornea, sclera, iris, and ciliary body have also been analyzed. The distr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Vision decline with healthy aging is a major public health concern with the unceasing growth of the aged population. In order to prevent or remedy the age-related visual loss, a better understanding of the underlying causes is needed. The current psychophysical study used a novel noise paradigm to investigate t...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-25598
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study investigated the relationship between amplitude and peak velocity of saccadic eye movements (the so-called main sequence) and the intra-individual variability of the main sequence. METHODS:Saccadic amplitudes and peak velocities were measured twice in 58 healthy subjects with an infrared reflection ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated suprathreshold contrast sensitivity and binocular interactions in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes using a reaction time paradigm. For every spatial frequency, reaction time increased as the grating contrast decreased. At all spatial frequencies and contrast values the reaction times using t...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the signaling pathways used by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in human corneal epithelial cells. METHODS:Cultures of SV40 large T antigen-transfected human corneal epithelial cells were treated with recombinant human HGF or KGF at 50 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml for 5...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the involvement of calpain in ovine cataractogenesis by measuring calcium, calpain activity, proteolysis, and the effect of calpain inhibition. METHODS:Sheep with genetic cataracts were examined for cataract severity. Calcium in normal and cataract lenses was measured. The presence of calpain was ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-1291
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Rabbits are commonly used for the evaluation of drugs and surgery to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The accuracy of intraocular pressure measurement is therefore critical in the analysis of data and subsequent extrapolation to humans. The purpose of this study was to establish the most reliable technique, fr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-0610
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To optimize fixation, sectioning, and immunolabeling protocols to map the morphology of the human lens with confocal microscopy. METHODS:Transparent human lenses were fixed in 0.75% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours, cut in half, and fixed for another 24 hours. Lenses were cryoprotected, sectioned, and labeled wit...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3435
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The histological distribution of R-cognin in chick retinas was determined from embryonic day 8 through 13 wk post-hatching by indirect immunofluorescence using polyclonal anticognin. On embryonic day 8, at a developmental stage without distinct retina layers, most of the cells within the tissue exhibited fluorescence....
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To measure high-resolution eye-specific displacements and deformations induced within the human LC microstructure by an acute increase in IOP. METHODS:Six eyes from donors aged 23 to 82 were scanned using second harmonic-generated (SHG) imaging at various levels of IOP from 10 to 50 mm Hg. An image registratio...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12724
更新日期：2014-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Large copy number variations (CNV) can contribute to increased burden for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide burden of large CNVs > 100 kb in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a neurodegenerative disease of the eye that is the largest cause of irreversible blindness. METHO...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-14339
更新日期：2014-04-24 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To explore the role in the eye of tenomodulin (TeM), a chondromodulin (ChM)-I-related glycoprotein, the expression, localization, and antiangiogenic potential of TeM were investigated. METHODS:Gene expression and protein localization of TeM in mouse eyes were examined by Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-0664
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To improve the transparency of the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and investigate the optical, mechanical and histologic properties and biocompatibility of transparent ADM (TADM) in lamellar keratoplasty. Methods:A stepwise sectioning strategy was applied to determine the transparency distribution of the ADM, a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.1.5
更新日期：2020-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Corneal allografts placed in human eyes at high risk often fail, and immune rejection is thought to be a major pathogenic factor. To understand the immunologic factors responsible for rejection in this instance, the authors have created "high-risk" eyes in mice by inducing corneal neovascularization. The author...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether a variational Bayesian independent component analysis mixture model (vB-ICA-mm), a form of unsupervised machine learning, can be used to identify and quantify areas of progression in standard automated perimetry fields. METHODS:In an earlier study, it was shown that a model using vB-ICA-mm...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-1168
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether fellow eyes with normal visual acuity of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have retinal malfunction. METHODS:Foveal cone electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from fellow eyes with visual acuities of 20/25 or better of 73 patients with unilateral...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To isolate all constituent mucins from human conjunctival mucus. METHODS:Mucins were extracted from human conjunctiva in guanidine hydrochloride and protease inhibitors. The mucins were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. Throughout purification, the mu...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To correlate the morphologic characteristics of choroidal neovascular lesions (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using raster scanning high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) and conventional fluorescein angiography (FA). METHODS:In this comparative clinical study, 37 consecutive pat...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3610
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
