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Orthographic processing deficits in developmental dyslexia: Beyond the ventral visual stream.

Abstract：

:Fast effortless reading has been associated with the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA), a region in the ventral visual stream that specializes in the recognition of letter strings. Several neuroimaging studies of dyslexia revealed an underactivation of this region. However, most of these studies used reading tasks and/or were carried out on adults. Given that fluent reading is severely impaired in dyslexics, any underactivation might simply reflect a well-established reading deficit in impaired readers and could be the consequence rather than the cause of dyslexia. Here, we designed a task that does not rely on reading per se but that tapped early visual orthographic processing that forms the basis of reading. Dyslexic children aged 8-12years and age-matched controls were asked to search for letters, digits, and symbols in 5-element strings (Experiment 1). This novel task was complemented by a classic task known to activate the VWFA, namely the passive viewing of pseudowords and falsefonts (Experiment 2). We found that in addition to significant group differences in the VWFA, dyslexic children showed a significant underactivation of the middle occipital gyrus (MOG) relative to the control group. Several areas in the MOG are known for their engagement in visuospatial processing, and it has been proposed that the MOG is necessary for ordering the symbols in unfamiliar strings. Our results suggest that the VWFA deficit might be secondary to an impairment of visuospatial processing in the MOG. We argue that efficient processing in MOG in the course of reading acquisition is critical for the development of effortless fast visual word recognition in the VWFA.

journal_name

Neuroimage

journal_title

NeuroImage

authors

Boros M,Anton JL,Pech-Georgel C,Grainger J,Szwed M,Ziegler JC

doi

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.014

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-03-01 00:00:00

pages

316-327

eissn

1053-8119

issn

1095-9572

pii

S1053-8119(16)00020-3

journal_volume

128

pub_type

杂志文章

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