Abstract:
:Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant carotenoid, plays a major role in modulating the immune response. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory effects of astaxanthin on cytokine production in primary cultured lymphocytes both in vitro and ex vivo. Direct administration of astaxanthin (70-300 nM) did not produce cytotoxicity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 µg/ mL)- or concanavalin A (Con A, 10 µg/ mL)-activated lymphocytes, whereas astaxanthin alone at 300 nM induced proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (p < 0.05) in vitro. Although astaxanthin, alone or with Con A, had no apparent effect on interferon (INF-γ) and interleukin (IL-2) production in primary cultured lymphocytes, it enhanced LPS-induced INF-γ production. In an ex vivo experiment, oral administration of astaxanthin (0.28, 1.4 and 7 mg/kg/day) for 14 days did not cause alterations in the body or spleen weights of mice and also was not toxic to lymphocyte cells derived from the mice. Moreover, treatment with astaxanthin significantly increased LPS-induced lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo but not Con A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis revealed that administration of astaxanthin significantly enhanced INF-γ production in response to both LPS and Con A stimulation, whereas IL-2 production increased only in response to Con A stimulation. Also, astaxanthin treatment alone significantly increased IL-2 production in lymphocytes derived from mice, but did not significantly change production of INF-γ. These findings suggest that astaxanthin modulates lymphocytic immune responses in vitro, and that it partly exerts its ex vivo immunomodulatory effects by increasing INF-γ and IL-2 production without inducing cytotoxicity.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Lin KH,Lin KC,Lu WJ,Thomas PA,Jayakumar T,Sheu JRdoi
10.3390/ijms17010044subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-12-29 00:00:00issue
1issn
1422-0067pii
ijms17010044journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Pterostilbene (PTE) is a natural sterbenoid contained in blueberries that has an antioxidant effect. In contrast, PTE also generates oxidative stress in cancer cells and provides an antitumor effect. Here, we examined the potential mechanism of this contrasting effect of PTE using three gastrointestinal cancer cell li...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21249347
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have shown the importance of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the intercellular communication between tumour and resident cells. Through EVs, tumour cells can trigger cell-signalling molecules and shuttle exogenous information to target cells, thus promoting spread of the disease. In fact, many processe...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20194805
更新日期:2019-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::The use of cheaper and recyclable biomaterials (like eggshells) to synthesize high purity hydroxyapatite (HAp) with better properties (small particle size, large surface area and pore volume) for applications (in environmental remediation, bone augmentation and replacement, and drug delivery systems) is vital since hi...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms16047960
更新日期:2015-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired fracture healing in aged females is still a challenge in clinics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in fracture healing. This study aims to identify the miRNAs that potentially contribute to the impaired fracture healing in aged females. Transverse femoral shaft fractures were created in adult and aged ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17081260
更新日期:2016-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of cholinesterases remains one of a few available treatment strategies for neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer's disease and related conditions. The current study was inspired by previous data on anticholinesterase properties of diterpenoids from Perovskia atriplicifolia and other Lamiaceae specie...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21124475
更新日期:2020-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Chitooligosaccharide (COS), which is acknowledged for possessing multiple functions, is a kind of low-molecular-weight polymer prepared by degrading chitosan via enzymatic, chemical methods, etc. COS has comprehensive applications in various fields including food, agriculture, pharmacy, clinical therapy, and environme...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19082197
更新日期:2018-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast proteins Ntr1, Ntr2 and Prp43 function in spliceosome disassembly. An Ntr1-Ntr2 protein complex recruits Prp43 to allow the removal of the lariat-intron in late-stage RNA splicing activity. Based on amino-acid sequence similarities across species, TFIP11 and mDEAH9/Dhx15 have been identified as homologues of yea...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms9112105
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of zinc for male fertility only emerged recently, being propelled in part by consumer interest in nutritional supplements containing ionic trace minerals. Here, we review the properties, biological roles and cellular mechanisms that are relevant to zinc function in the male reproductive system, survey a...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19124097
更新日期:2018-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we developed a novel microRNA (miRNA) delivery system based on bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (MS2 VLPs). In this current study, we used this system to transport miR-146a into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and demonstrated the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in precursors. Two ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms16048337
更新日期:2015-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes pain and disability in the adult population. OA is primarily caused by trauma induced by an external force or by age-related cartilage damage. Chondrocyte hypertrophy or chondrocyte senescence is thought to play a role in the initiation and progression o...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21072358
更新日期:2020-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) potentially carries an archive of peptides relevant to pathological processes in abdominal and surrounding tissues. Magnetic beads and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is one such approach that offers a unique tool for profiling of peptides...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms15011162
更新日期:2014-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::In the pathogenesis of psoriasis, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress play mutual roles interrelated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aims to map the selected markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)), oxidative damage to nucleic acids (DNA/RNA damage; 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxygu...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18112238
更新日期:2017-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous beating of the heart pacemaker, the sinoatrial node, is generated by sinoatrial node cells (SANC) and caused by gradual change of the membrane potential called diastolic depolarization (DD). Submembrane local Ca2+ releases (LCR) from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) occur during late DD and activate an inward N...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19082173
更新日期:2018-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 (AvrRpt2) was widely used as the reaction system of hypersensitive response (HR) in Arabidopsis. The study showed that in npr1 (GFP-ATG8a), AvrRpt2 was more effective at inducing the production of autophagosome and autophagy flux than that in GFP-ATG8a. The mRNA expression of ATG1, ATG6 and ATG8a we...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21145147
更新日期:2020-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease, limiting their options for treatment. While current treatments are adequate for lower staged disease, available systemic treatments are limited, with marginal benefi...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21186757
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ly-6/uPAR or three-finger proteins (TFPs) contain a disulfide-stabilized β-structural core and three protruding loops (fingers). In mammals, TFPs have been found in epithelium and the nervous, endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems. Here, using heteronuclear NMR, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) structure...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21197280
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza is a respiratory disease induced by infection by the influenza virus, which is a member of Orthomyxoviridae family. This infectious disease has serious impacts on public health systems and results in considerable mortality and economic costs throughout the world. Based on several experimental studies, massiv...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19072065
更新日期:2018-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Foodborne outbreaks caused by Campylobacter jejuni have become a significant public health problem worldwide. Applying genomic sequencing as a routine part of foodborne outbreak investigation remains in its infancy in China. We applied both traditional PFGE profiling and genomic investigation to understand t...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21083001
更新日期:2020-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Cell competition (CC) is a feature that allows tumor cells to outcompete and eliminate adjacent cells that are deemed less fit. Studies of CC, first described in Drosophila melanogaster, reveal a diversity of underlying mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss three recent studies that expand our understanding of t...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms22020518
更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is caused by polyglutamine expansion in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2). This factor binds RNA/proteins to modify metabolism after stress, and to control calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis after stimuli. Cerebellar ataxias and corticospinal motor neuron degeneration are determined by gain/loss in ATXN2 f...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21186673
更新日期:2020-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Cisplatin is the first-line treatment for different types of solid tumors, such as ovarian, testicular, bladder, cervical, head and neck, lung, and esophageal cancers. The main problem related to its clinical use is the onset of drug resistance. In the last decades, among the studied molecular mechanisms of cisplatin ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21030937
更新日期:2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Plant NADPH oxidases, formerly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs), are plasma membrane enzymes dedicated to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These oxidases are implicated in a wide variety of processes, ranging from tissue and organ growth and development to signaling pathways in response t...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms17050680
更新日期:2016-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of the chemical reaction of H2O with three stabilized Criegee intermediates (stabCI-OO, stabCI-CH3-OO and stabCIx-OO) produced via the limonene ozonolysis reaction has been investigated using ab initio and DFT (Density Functional Theory) methods. It has been shown that the formation of the hydrogen-bonde...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms14035784
更新日期:2013-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::To identify whether parent-of-origin effects (POE) of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 microdeletion are associated with differences in clinical features in individuals inheriting the deletion, we collected 71 individuals reported with phenotypic data and known inheritance from a clinical cohort, a research cohort, the DECIPHER da...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20061459
更新日期:2019-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::The Mexican axolotl salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum) is one member of a select group of vertebrate animals that have retained the amazing ability to regenerate multiple body parts. In addition to being an important model system for regeneration, the axolotl has also contributed extensively to studies of basic developm...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms160922046
更新日期:2015-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Genome instability is an essential hallmark in tumor development, including colorectal cancer. We have recently identified the oxysterol binding protein-related protein 3 (ORP3), also known as oxysterol binding protein-like 3 (OSBPL3), as a novel ploidy-control gene, whose knock-out leads to aneuploidy induction and p...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21165894
更新日期:2020-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::TCDD-inducible poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (TIPARP) is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) target gene that functions as part of a negative feedback loop to repress AHR activity. Tiparp-/- mice exhibit increased sensitivity to the toxicological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), including lethal wast...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20092312
更新日期:2019-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::A bacterial strain EMS with the capability of degrading microcystins (MCs) was isolated from Lake Taihu, China. The bacterium was tentatively identified as a Stenotrophomonas sp. The bacterium could completely consume MC-LR and MC-RR within 24 hours at a concentration of 0.7 microg/mL and 1.7 microg/mL, respectively. ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms11030896
更新日期:2010-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::A previous report showed that both Pyruvatedecarboxylase (PDC) genes were significantly upregulated in kiwifruit after waterlogging treatment using Illumina sequencing technology, and that the kiwifruit AdPDC1 gene was required during waterlogging, but might not be required during other environmental stresses. Here, t...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18112377
更新日期:2017-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic analysis of plants relies on high yields of pure DNA. For the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) this represents a great challenge since leaves can accumulate large amounts of polysaccharides, polyphenols and secondary metabolites, which co-purify with DNA. For this specie, standard protocols do not produce effic...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms12064156
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00