Abstract:
:Revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations on HIV testing now promote testing of most risk groups. However, positive results for low-risk individuals are more likely to be false positives than for high-risk individuals, making clear communication of test results even more imperative. In a study, we evaluated current counseling of low-risk test recipients via a sample of 29 HIV hotline counselors from U.S. state and national hotlines. 100% of counselors interviewed failed to provide an accurate conditional HIV risk for low-risk women, but were more likely than a 1998 German sample to report that false positives could occur. In a second study, undergraduates read idealized transcripts of interviews with HIV counselors and computed conditional risk for a low-risk individual. The natural frequency format offered a small but significant improvement in conditional reasoning, comparable to the effect of numerical literacy. Applications for ecologically valid numerical presentations of risk and implications for numeracy are discussed.
journal_name
Curr HIV Resjournal_title
Current HIV researchauthors
Ellis KM,Brase GLdoi
10.2174/1570162x13666150511125629subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
381-90issue
5eissn
1570-162Xissn
1873-4251pii
CHR-EPUB-67225journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Most new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa now occur in married and cohabiting couples, many of whom do not realize that only one of them may be infected with HIV. HIV-negative individuals living in stable HIV-discordant partnerships (in which one partner is HIV-infected while the other one is not) are twice as lik...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016210793499303
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiretroviral drug therapy has significantly improved the prognosis and life expectancy of people living with HIV over the years. But this progress comes with an important caveat that antiretroviral regimens generally require adherence to life-long, daily dosing, to keep viral multiplication under check. Non-adherenc...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200824104140
更新日期:2020-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::In HIV-1, tRNA(Lys3) serves as the primer for reverse transcriptase, and during viral assembly, the tRNA(Lys) isoacceptors, tRNA(Lys1,2) and tRNA(Lys3), are selectively packaged into the virion. In this review, we shall first discuss the evidence for the formation of a tRNA(Lys) packaging complex, whose components inc...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162043484988
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major focus of HIV-1 vaccine development has been directed towards a limited number of broadly conserved epitopes in the Envelope (Env) proteins that are sensitive neutralization targets in many primary isolates. However, evidence suggests that these epitopes are poorly immunogenic; similar antibodies are rarely pro...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016207782418470
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the years, numerous studies have been carried out demonstrating the role of antibodies in HIV control leading to the development of antibody-based therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this review is to provide updated information on the role of antibodies in the preventio...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162x14999160224103320
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 800,000 children acquired HIV-infection in 2002, most as a result of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), and vertically-acquired HIV infection continues to be of major public health importance. Prevention of MTCT is possible with a combination of interventions including antiretroviral therapy (ART) (usua...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162033485140
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::AIDS is a globalized infectious disease. In 2014, UNAIDS launched a global project of "90-90-90" to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. The second and third 90 require 90% of HIV-1 infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and durable virological suppression. However, wide use of ART will greatly increase ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X17666190927154110
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Adolescent girls throughout the globe are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. In the U.S., sexually-active, adolescent girls in urban settings are at elevated risk for HIV. The purpose of this study was to describe a theoreticallydriven, HIV prevention intervention tailored for adolescent girls and eva...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2174/1570162x12666140129110129
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), has been associated with accelerated bone turnover and leads to significant bone loss. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D2 and calcium on bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients receiving TDF/...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 临床试验
doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200106150806
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis for prevention of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV could affect hemoglobin (Hb) development of infants. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 24 HIV-infected and 21 HIV-uninfected pregnancies. ARV drugs were administered to HIV-infected pregnancies at 21 weeks ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x12666140713170800
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 occurs in a minority of HIVinfected mother-infant pairs, even without any interventions. The mechanisms that protect the majority of HIV-exposed infants from infection are unclear. T regulatory cells (Treg) have important immunomodulatory functions, but their role in the...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X17666190213094624
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV infection induces alterations in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) that constitutes the most important site for viral replication due to the extensive presence of effector memory T-cells. In the case of HIV-controllers, several studies have reported fewer peripheral alterations and conserved immu...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X17666190130115113
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To promote the initiation of reverse transcription, the HIV-1 virus uses a host tRNA as a primer, tRNA(3Lys). The annealing of tRNA(3Lys) to the viral RNA requires the breaking of the 3D structure of the tRNA and RNA rearrangements, to form a stable initiation complex recognised by the reverse transcriptase. The annea...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162053506919
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, can facilitate HIV transmission. In response to GC infection, genital epithelial cells can produce cytokines, chemokines and defensins to modulate HIV infection and infectivity. GC can also induce the production of cytokines and chemokines in mo...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016212800618138
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been known for decades that exogenous RNAs are able to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and immunological reactivity to a wide variety of antigens. The molecular events responsible for these effects remain unclear for more than two decades. It has been decided to revisit this phenomenon in the light of new...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016205774370447
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Some deficient genetic polymorphisms of the innate immune system have been correlated to a higher susceptibility to different infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The possible association between an increased incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia in HIV-infected patients, and deficient polymo...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016209787581382
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many HIV research projects are plagued by the high missing rate of selfreported information during data collection. Also, due to the sensitive nature of the HIV research data, privacy protection is always a concern for data sharing in HIV studies. METHODS:This paper applies a data masking approach, called t...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x13666151029102539
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug use and HIV/AIDS are global public health issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 30% of HIV infections are related to drug use and associated behaviors. The intersection, of the twin epidemics of HIV and drug/alcohol use, results in difficult medical management issues for the health care...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016209788680598
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV epidemic has resulted in medical, social and economic consequences. There is general agreement that a safe, effective and affordable preventive HIV vaccine is urgently needed to control the epidemic. To date, over 60 phase I/II trials of about 30 candidate vaccines have been conducted worldwide. In 1991, Thail...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162052772933
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genetic variations in Human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C), Zinc ribbon domain containing 1 (ZNRD1) and its antisense RNA (ZNRD1-AS1) genes are known to influence the HIV-1 replication and disease progression. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD:We evaluated the distribution of HLA-C (rs10484554, rs9264942) and ZNRD1 (rs8321...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X15666170511141741
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While significant progress has been made since 2003 when a comprehensive treatment, prevention and control program was implemented to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in China, new challenges are emerging. There have been limited direct case reports on profiles of HIV/AIDS patients under care at unique clinical settings i...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016210793499169
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple factors have been previously described which could influence adherence to HAART. Our objective is to determine the fundamental factors which influence adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in our population. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was made selecting 143 outpatients attending ou...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016206776055075
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently described that the chloroxoquinolinic ribonucleoside 6-chloro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (compound A) inhibits the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT), and its replication in primary cells. Based on these findings, we per...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016209788347958
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vaccine against HIV-1 is not currently available. In present, Virus like particles (VLPs) as effective strategy was used in several vaccine developing. Two conserved sequences; V3 loop of gp120 and the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of gp41 are dominant sites for vaccine studies. OBJECTIVE:In this...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X15666171017122229
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular protein "Bone marrow stromal antigen 2" (BST2 also called Tetherin, CD317, HM1.24) was identified as a major mediator of the innate immune defense against the dissemination of enveloped viruses. BST2 was shown to physically trap the de novo formed viral particles at the surface of infected cells, thereby ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016212800792414
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:There is scarce information about the molecular epidemiology of HIV-infection in Armenia (former USSR). The objective of this work was to estimate the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in this country and get any information about HIV drug resistance in naÏve patients. DESIGN:A joint study involving 78 patients...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x13666150407142834
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have developed methodologies for predicting the number of CD4+ cells from the total leukocyte and lymphocytes count based on mathematical methodologies, obtaining percentages of effectiveness prediction higher than 90% with a value of less than 5000 leukocytes. OBJECTIVE:To improve the meth...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X17666190306125819
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whether HIV-positive injecting drug users (IDUs) are at higher risk of developing drug resistance mutations (DRMs) after methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) than any other HIV-positive population is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To compare the incidence of new DRMs in two population groups: antiretroviraltreatment (AR...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200712173630
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a strong predictor of virologic failure (VF) among people with HIV. Various methods such as patient self-report, pill counts and pharmacy refills have been utilized to monitor adherence. However, there are limited data on the accuracy of combining metho...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x1205141121102501
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the HIV-infected long term survivors show strong CD8+ cell noncytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) that plays as an important factor for maintaining the relative healthy state of infected individuals. HIV infected former blood donors (FBDs) in Anhui, China are the unique population that considered infected by t...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016209788680561
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00