Abstract:
:This review provides an update on literature published over the past 5 years that is relevant to using chest computed tomography (CT) as a tool for preventing occupational respiratory disease. An important area of investigation has been in the use of low-dose CT (LDCT) to screen asbestos-exposed populations for lung cancer. Two recent systematic reviews have reached conclusions in support of screening. Based on the limited evidence that is currently available, the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health has recommended LDCT screening in asbestos-exposed individuals if their personal combination of risk factors yields a risk for lung cancer equal to that needed for entry into the National Lung Screening Trial. It has also recommended further research, such as to document the optimal frequency of screening and the effectiveness of screening. Recent literature continues to support high-resolution CT (HRCT) as being more sensitive than chest radiography in detecting pneumoconiosis. However, there are insufficient data to determine the effectiveness of HRCT screening in improving individual outcomes if used in screening for pneumoconiosis and its routine use for this purpose cannot be recommended. However, if HRCT is used to evaluate populations, recent literature shows that the International Classification of HRCT for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases provides an important tool for reproducible evaluation and recording of findings. HRCT is an important tool for individual patient management and recent literature has documented that chest HRCT findings are significantly associated with outcomes such as pulmonary function and mortality.
journal_name
Semin Respir Crit Care Medjournal_title
Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicineauthors
Weissman DNdoi
10.1055/s-0035-1547348subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-06-01 00:00:00pages
433-48issue
3eissn
1069-3424issn
1098-9048journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Over the last decade, improvements in surgical techniques, lung preservation, immunosuppression, and management of ischemia-reperfusion injury and infections have contributed to increase the 1 year patient survival after lung transplantation to 70 to 80%. However, the incidence of acute rejection remains higher than a...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-954609
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assisted mechanical ventilation (MV) may be a favorable alternative to controlled MV at the early phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), since it requires less sedation, no paralysis and is associated with less hemodynamic deterioration, better distal organ perfusion, and lung protection, thus reducing t...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382153
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coccidioidomycosis manifests as a variety of clinical manifestations and ranges in severity from asymptomatic exposure with resultant immunity to reinfection, to fulminant, and life-threatening disseminated disease. Primary coccidioidal pneumonia represents the most common clinical form of infection, and the incidence...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1562900
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catheters are the leading source of bloodstream infections in critically ill patients. Because the clinical signs of infection are nonspecific, such infections are overly suspected, which results in unnecessary removal of catheters. A conservative approach might be attempted in mild infections, whereas catheters shoul...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1275526
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain is experienced by the overwhelming majority of patients during their intensive care unit stay, but it remains an underappreciated problem. To effectively treat pain, it must be detected and quantified using a validated assessment tool. It is acknowledged that optimal pain relief may be difficult to achieve given ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1342973
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical ventilation practices in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have progressed with a growing understanding of the disease pathophysiology. Paramount to the care of affected patients is the delivery of lung-protective mechanical ventilation which prioritizes tidal volume and plateau press...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1683896
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung transplantation is a therapeutic option for patients with end stage lung diseases, but long-term survival remains poor, primarily due to chronic allograft rejection. Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), a fibrotic process resulting in progressive narrowing of bronchiolar lumens and airflow obstruction, is a manifestati...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-815601
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) represents one of the largest subsets of patients with pneumonia. Based on epidemiological projections for the aging U.S. population, the number of hospitalizations for HCAP is expected to increase exponentially for the next several decades. The unique risk factors for colonizati...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1119812
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::When Dr. Joseph Lynch, editor of Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, invited us to organize and edit this topic we-and our contributors-were initially baffled about how we could marry outcomes, ethics, and economics. His perspective as an elder-statesman, who has observed the evolution of critical care...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1322413
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients often require sedation to tolerate life-saving interventions such as mechanical ventilation. Pain, anxiety, and delirium all contribute to patient distress and agitation which can interfere with ICU medical care if not addressed and treated appropriately. Sedation prac...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1564875
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a key determinant of outcome in patients with serious infections along with the virulence of the underlying pathogen. Within the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection that is frequently caused by multidrug-resistan...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1599224
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater then 25 mm Hg at rest and greater then 30 mm Hg with exercise in association with normal left heart filling pressures. However, many patients with PAH have much higher pulmonary artery pressures, which, untreated, can rapidly ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-916158
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acinetobacter baumannii is a highly resilient, gram-negative coccobacillus that thrives within the unique and complex ecological setting of an intensive care unit. This evolving pathogen has now surpassed human capacity to create new antimicrobials, and has led physicians into a concerning era for hospital-acquired in...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-996413
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disorder that characteristically causes joint inflammation and damage. In addition, many patients develop extraarticular manifestations which may cause significant comorbidity and premature mortality.Some respiratory tract involvement of the upper and lower airw...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1683995
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of exocrine glands and a variety of extraglandular sites. Lung involvement as defined by symptoms and either pulmonary function testing or radiographic abnormalities occurs in approximately 10 to 20% of patients. Subclinica...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1371529
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the third most common cardiovascular pathology after coronary disease and cerebrovascular diseases and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the general population. Full-dose anticoagulation is the st...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1311796
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection (IFI), caused predominantly by Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii, that affects both immunocompromised (IC) and non-IC patients. Although the most serious disease manifestation is meningoencephalitis, cryptococcal pneumonia is underdiagnosed and may disseminat...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1295720
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overarching goals of early sepsis management include early recognition, appropriate antibiotic therapy and source control, maintenance of hemodynamic stability, and supportive care of organ dysfunction. Despite increasing awareness of the global burden of sepsis, and general agreement on the goals of management, t...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1696981
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Although durable local control rates are high after surgical resection or definitive radiotherapy for early-stage disease, a substantial proportion of these patients eventually experience regiona...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0039-3399578
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term atypical pneumonia was first used in 1938, and by the 1970s it was widely used to refer to pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila (or other Legionella species), and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. However, in the purest sense all pneumonias other than the classic bacterial pneumonias are aty...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1315636
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is primarily a disease of the elderly. Although NSCLC is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and the overall prognosis of this disease is poor, treatment improves survival compared with best supportive care, independent of the stage of disease. Elderly patients hav...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-871987
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung transplant has become an established therapy in the treatment of end-stage lung disease. Many of the advances in the modern immunosuppression regimen have provided more quality and quantity of life to transplant patients. Immunosuppression agents target various aspects of the immune system to maximize graft toler...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1249112
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic sarcoidosis is a relatively common manifestation of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. It occurs in 20 to 30% of cases and is rarely severe. However, a cluster of patients may develop severe complications such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of clinical, biologi...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713799
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tracheobronchial prostheses, known as airway stents, are used to palliate the effects of large airway obstruction. The most common types of stents in current clinical use are made of silicone or metallic wire. An ideal stent should possess several characteristics: (1) it should be easy to insert and remove, if necessa...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-832710
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterial infections have caused enormous morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of these, the most devastating has been tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of death among HIV-positive persons globally. TB has killed more people living with HIV than any other i...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1572559
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of a patient with hypoventilation requires a combination of clinical history, physical examination, pulmonary function testing, and chest radiography to help determine the cause. Specialized testing such as measurement of respiratory muscle strength and assessment of ventilatory control may also be needed. ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1222443
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. Although generally of low pathogenicity to humans, NTM can cause a wide array of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin disease by M. marinum (particularly...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1333569
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Scedosporium comprises a group of filamentous fungi found ubiquitously in the environment. The two major human pathogens within this genus are S. apiospermum-the asexual state of Pseudallescheria boydii-and S. prolificans. Both histologically resemble Aspergillus species, with hyphae that are septated and br...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-824901
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare disorder and can be misdiagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH). PVOD and iPAH often share a similar clinical presentation, genetic background, and hemodynamic profile. PVOD accounts for 5 to 10% of cases initially considered as iPAH. When compare...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1233310
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder with a complex etiology. Prevalence rates for asthma have been increasing in many countries over the past few decades. While it is unclear why this increase is occurring, the variation reported in asthma prevalence and severity associated with ethnicity offers some insight into the d...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1618568
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00