Abstract:
:Hip extensor strategy, specifically relative contribution of gluteus maximus versus hamstrings, will influence quadriceps effort required during squat exercise, as hamstrings and quadriceps co-contract at the knee. This research examined the effects of hip extensor strategy on quadriceps relative muscular effort (RME) during barbell squat. Inverse dynamics-based torque-driven musculoskeletal models were developed to account for hamstrings co-contraction. Net joint moments were calculated using 3D motion analysis and force platform data. Hamstrings co-contraction was modelled under two assumptions: (1) equivalent gluteus maximus and hamstrings activation (Model 1) and (2) preferential gluteus maximus activation (Model 2). Quadriceps RME, the ratio of quadriceps moment to maximum knee extensor strength, was determined using inverse dynamics only, Model 1 and Model 2. Quadriceps RME was greater in both Models 1 and 2 than inverse dynamics only at barbell loads of 50-90% one repetition maximum. The highest quadriceps RMEs were 120 ± 36% and 87 ± 28% in Models 1 and 2, respectively, which suggests that barbell squats are only feasible using the Model 2 strategy prioritising gluteus maximus versus hamstrings activation. These results indicate that developing strength in both gluteus maximus and quadriceps is essential for lifting heavy loads in squat exercise.
journal_name
Sports Biomechjournal_title
Sports biomechanicsauthors
Bryanton MA,Carey JP,Kennedy MD,Chiu LZdoi
10.1080/14763141.2015.1024716subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-03-01 00:00:00pages
122-38issue
1eissn
1476-3141issn
1752-6116journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine if body position, weight transfer, and/or pelvis/trunk rotations changed as a result of a golf specific fatiguing protocol and whether these changes affected resultant club head velocity at impact and shot consistency. Six male golfers and one female golfer participated in th...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.638386
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the influence of age and skill level on handball throwing kinematics and performance, 126 participants were distributed into groups according to their skill level (elite or recreational) and age group (U12, U16 or +18). Each participant performed three sets of 10 throws, aiming to hit a target (40 × 40 cm) l...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1800072
更新日期:2020-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to investigate: (1) the prevalence and magnitude of breast movement asymmetry, (2) the interaction between static and dynamic breast asymmetry and (3) the influence of sports bras on breast asymmetry during running. Position data were collected from 167 females whilst treadmill running and then a sub-...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1614654
更新日期:2019-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Goaltenders in the sport of ice hockey are at high risk for concussions from falls to the ice, player collisions and puck impacts. However, current methods used to certify helmets only consider head accelerations for drop tests which may not describe all common injury mechanisms relating to concussion. The purpose of ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2018.1510975
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To clarify the defending-dribbler mechanism, the interaction between the dribbler and defender should be investigated. The purposes of this study were to identify variables that explain the outcome (i.e. 'penetrating' and 'guarding') and to understand how defenders stop dribblers by categorising defensive patterns. Te...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2014.953983
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drag is one of the major factors that influences kayaking performance. To focus on the drag of the kayak's hull shape and the paddlers' weight per se, the passive drag (Dp) was measured on a flat-water sprint course for one paddler with added weights. Dp was measured by an electromechanical towing device using a load ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2015.1090475
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated additional and traditional variables from isokinetic test of thigh muscles in soccer players across different field positions. One hundred and eighty-nine athletes performed maximal concentric isokinetic knee contractions on dominant (DL) and non-dominant limb (NDL) at 60º/s and 240º/s. The add...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1784260
更新日期:2020-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Isokinetic dynamometry is used in the assessment and rehabilitation of shoulder function in tennis players. The aim of this study was to validate a newly installed Biodex III Isokinetic Dynamometer for internal and external shoulder rotation. A non-injured male performed this movement which replicates an integral sect...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763140508522855
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Real-world cycling performance depends not only on exercise capacities, but also on efficiently traversing the bicycle through the terrain. The aim of this study was to determine if it was possible to quantify the braking done by a cyclist in the field. One cyclist performed 408 braking trials (348 on a flat road; 60 ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2017.1338744
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anticipation of ground reaction force (GRF) in depth jumping requires multisensory integration of exteroceptive, vestibular, and proprioceptive inputs. Vision contributes to the anticipation of GRF in drop landings and may influence depth jump performance when disrupted. The purpose of this investigation was to evalua...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1773917
更新日期:2020-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::The rowing stroke is a leg-driven action, in which forces developed by the lower limbs provide a large proportion of power delivered to the oars. In terms of both performance and injury, it is important to initiate each stroke with powerful and symmetrical loading of the foot stretchers. The aims of this study were to...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2013.861013
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proliferation of new biomechanical technology in laboratory and field settings facilitates the capture of data-sets consisting of complex time-series. An understanding of the appropriate statistical approaches for analysing and interpreting these data-sets is required and the functional data analysis (FDA) family ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14763141.2017.1392594
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sprint kayaking stroke phase descriptions for biomechanical analysis of technique vary among kayaking literature, with inconsistencies not conducive for the advancement of biomechanics applied service or research. We aimed to provide a consistent basis for the categorisation and analysis of sprint kayak technique by p...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14763141.2012.724701
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, I review biomechanics research in ski jumping with a specific focus on publications presented between 1991 and 2006 on performance enhancement, limiting factors of the take-off, specific training and conditioning, aerodynamics, and safety. The first section presents a brief description of ski jumping ph...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14763140701687560
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The serve, as the most important stroke in tennis, has attracted considerable biomechanical interest. Of its component parts, the swing has received disproportionate research attention and consequently, little is known regarding toss kinematics. Indeed, the age-old question of whether players serve to different parts ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.629206
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose was to study the adaptation to speed in the temporal patterns of the movement cycle and determine any differences in velocity, cycle rate and cycle length at the maximum speed level in the different classical style and freestyle cross-country skiing techniques. Eight skilled male cross-country skiers were ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763140408522832
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the investigation was to study the relationship between thrust phase duration, ground reaction force, velocity increase after pole thrust and pole angles versus pole length during double poling in roller skiing. Seven male regional elite cross-country skiers volunteered as subjects for the study. The su...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/14763140308522820
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since clubface orientation at impact affects ball direction and ball spin, the ability to control clubface orientation is one of the most important skills for golfers. This study presents a new method to describe clubface orientation as a function of the clubshaft motions (i.e., swing plane orientation, clubshaft angl...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2017.1328528
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::When the ankle is forced into inversion, the speed at which this movement occurs may affect the extent of injury. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a fulcrum device to mimic the mechanism of a lateral ankle sprain and to determine the reliability and validity of the temporal variables produced by this d...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.638724
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to determine if starting with the feet above the water (FAW) in male backstroke swimming resulted in faster start times (15-m time) than when the feet were underwater (FUW). It was hypothesised that setting higher on the wall would generate increased horizontal force and velocity, resulting in quicker...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2014.885072
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to use bivariate functional principal components analysis (bfPCA) to quantify patterns in barbell trajectories during the snatch and to investigate whether these patterns correlate with weightlifting performance and biomechanical characteristics that characterise weightlifting technique. ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1820074
更新日期:2020-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to clarify how elite artistic (synchronised) swimmers generate fluid forces with their hands during two kinds of sculling motions: flat sculling in the back-layout position and support sculling in the vertical position. We used the pressure-distribution measuring method to estimate unstea...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1671485
更新日期:2019-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Groin pain is a common cause of athletic disability and often involves the adductor longus. A common complaint of patients with groin problems is pain while preparing to kick the ball. The purpose of this study was to examine muscle length and activation of the adductor longus while kicking a soccer ball. Three-dimens...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763140903229500
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coaches have identified the batter's weight shift as a critical component for promoting proper timing and balance in a baseball swing. Analysing the weight shift through maximum horizontal (Fx) and vertical (Fz) ground reaction forces (GRFs) of professional batters (N = 29; height = 185 +/- 6 cm; mass = 92 +/- 9 kg), ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.629205
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of present study was to investigate site differences in the effects of strain rate on tendon properties between knee extensors and plantar flexors. Elongation of tendon structures (L) in vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius muscles was measured by ultrasonography while participants performed ramp and ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1615541
更新日期:2019-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::An understanding of test-retest reliability is important for biomechanists, such as when assessing the longitudinal effect of training or equipment interventions. Our aim was to quantify the test-retest reliability of biomechanical variables measured during short-term maximal cycling. Fourteen track sprint cyclists pe...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1773916
更新日期:2020-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::This study looks at segmental movements in the jumping header from an optimization viewpoint. Investigations on the header so far have focused on head restriction in the movement but have not clarified how and to what extent body segments influence the performance of the skill. In the present study a biomechanical mod...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763140408522840
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Training to reduce landing forces is a common component of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programmes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of training incorporating instructions promoting an internal versus external attentional focus on landing forces in adolescent rugby athletes. Twenty-...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1584237
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the influence of the TherabandTM CLX gold band on lower-limb muscle activity and kinematics during an overhead barbell squat. Participants performed two sets (band and no-band) of 12 repetitions of overhead barbell squats at 25% bodyweight. Three-dimensional kinematics were measured using motion ca...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2018.1537371
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the within- and between-session reliability of lower limb biomechanics in two sport-specific sidestep cutting tasks performed by elite female handball and football (soccer) athletes. Moreover, we aimed at determining the minimum number of trials necessary to obtain a reliable me...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2016.1260766
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00