Abstract:
:Sprint kayaking stroke phase descriptions for biomechanical analysis of technique vary among kayaking literature, with inconsistencies not conducive for the advancement of biomechanics applied service or research. We aimed to provide a consistent basis for the categorisation and analysis of sprint kayak technique by proposing a clear observational model. Electronic databases were searched using key words kayak, sprint, technique, and biomechanics, with 20 sources reviewed. Nine phase-defining positions were identified within the kayak literature and were divided into three distinct types based on how positions were defined: water-contact-defined positions, paddle-shaft-defined positions, and body-defined positions. Videos of elite paddlers from multiple camera views were reviewed to determine the visibility of positions used to define phases. The water-contact-defined positions of catch, immersion, extraction, and release were visible from multiple camera views, therefore were suitable for practical use by coaches and researchers. Using these positions, phases and sub-phases were created for a new observational model. We recommend that kayaking data should be reported using single strokes and described using two phases: water and aerial. For more detailed analysis without disrupting the basic two-phase model, a four-sub-phase model consisting of entry, pull, exit, and aerial sub-phases should be used.
journal_name
Sports Biomechjournal_title
Sports biomechanicsauthors
McDonnell LK,Hume PA,Nolte Vdoi
10.1080/14763141.2012.724701subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-11-01 00:00:00pages
507-23issue
4eissn
1476-3141issn
1752-6116journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The purpose of the investigation was to study the relationship between thrust phase duration, ground reaction force, velocity increase after pole thrust and pole angles versus pole length during double poling in roller skiing. Seven male regional elite cross-country skiers volunteered as subjects for the study. The su...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/14763140308522820
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Real-world cycling performance depends not only on exercise capacities, but also on efficiently traversing the bicycle through the terrain. The aim of this study was to determine if it was possible to quantify the braking done by a cyclist in the field. One cyclist performed 408 braking trials (348 on a flat road; 60 ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2017.1338744
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to analyse the effects of a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) tournament on vertical jump performance, grip strength test and perceived effort responses. 22 male BJJ athletes participated in a simulated tournament consisting of three 7 min matches separated by 14 min of rest. Kimono grip strength te...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2016.1206143
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isokinetic dynamometry is used in the assessment and rehabilitation of shoulder function in tennis players. The aim of this study was to validate a newly installed Biodex III Isokinetic Dynamometer for internal and external shoulder rotation. A non-injured male performed this movement which replicates an integral sect...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763140508522855
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Full body kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) patterns may alter based on the workloads that are encountered during cycling. Understanding the effect of differing intensities on the cyclist can guide clinicians and bike fitters in improving specific muscle strength and cycling posture to optimise training and racin...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1640279
更新日期:2019-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to determine if starting with the feet above the water (FAW) in male backstroke swimming resulted in faster start times (15-m time) than when the feet were underwater (FUW). It was hypothesised that setting higher on the wall would generate increased horizontal force and velocity, resulting in quicker...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2014.885072
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to describe the mechanical characteristics of a trampoline circus act and its individual tracks performed in training and shows using a tri-axial accelerometer. A track is an artist's specific role within a choreographed act. Seven male acrobats performed their trampoline act during train...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2018.1460394
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sprint start performance has previously been quantified using several different measures. This study aimed to identify whether different measures could influence the performance-based ranking within a group of 12 sprinters, and if so, to identify the most appropriate measure. None of the 10 performance measures ranked...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2010.538713
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biomechanics of the rotational shot put is used to direct coaching to enhance throwing performance. Maximising shot put distance and velocity at the point of release through increasing momentum is of interest to coaches. This narrative review aimed to examine and summarise the critical kinematic variables within e...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1636130
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, I review biomechanics research in ski jumping with a specific focus on publications presented between 1991 and 2006 on performance enhancement, limiting factors of the take-off, specific training and conditioning, aerodynamics, and safety. The first section presents a brief description of ski jumping ph...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14763140701687560
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A deterministic model is a modeling paradigm that determines the relationships between a movement outcome measure and the biomechanical factors that produce such a measure. This review provides an overview of the use of deterministic models in biomechanics research, a historical summary of this research, and an analys...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.592212
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of target distance on temporal and impact force parameters that are important performance factors in taekwondo kicks. Forty-nine taekwondo athletes (age = 24.5 +/- 5.9 years; mass = 79.9 +/- 10.8 kg) were recruited: 13 male experts, 21 male novices, 8 female experts...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2013.776626
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we aimed to analyse goalball players time-motion variables (distance covered, time spent, maximum and average velocities) in official goalball match attacks, taking into account the attack phases (preparation and throwing), player position (centres and wings) and throwing techniques (frontal, spin and b...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2018.1433871
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since clubface orientation at impact affects ball direction and ball spin, the ability to control clubface orientation is one of the most important skills for golfers. This study presents a new method to describe clubface orientation as a function of the clubshaft motions (i.e., swing plane orientation, clubshaft angl...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2017.1328528
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to identify critical technical points that lead to increased ball speed in a maximal toe kick with no run-up (a 'static kick') in blind football. Six visually impaired male players and eight sighted male players participated in the experiment. All participants wore a blindfold to fully re...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1787499
更新日期:2020-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a simulated futsal match protocol on isokinetic knee torque production. Twenty-one young futsal players participated in this study and performed a futsal-specific protocol comprising two blocks of 20-minute activities to simulate the match demands. At pre-p...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2014.981202
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Tkatchev on the high bar is a release and re-grasp skill in which the gymnast rotates in a direction during flight opposite to that of the preceding swing. Since the release window is defined as the time during which the gymnast has appropriate linear and angular momentum to ensure the bar can be re-grasped, it wa...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763140701324511
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sex differences in common sports injuries to the lower extremity have been reported. Biomechanical factors of the hip have been investigated between sexes with regard to running-related injury. This study investigates gluteal muscle forces between sexes to aid in our understanding of sex-related biomechanical factors ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2018.1548641
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of present study was to investigate site differences in the effects of strain rate on tendon properties between knee extensors and plantar flexors. Elongation of tendon structures (L) in vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius muscles was measured by ultrasonography while participants performed ramp and ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1615541
更新日期:2019-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Sprinting while towing a sled improves sprinting parameters, however, only kinematic and temporal-spatial variables have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine how lower extremity joint moment impulses alter when towing a sled compared to normal walking. Twelve participants walked normally, walked w...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2012.726639
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of anthropometric differences in shank to thigh length ratio upon timing and magnitude of joint power production during the drive phase of the rowing stroke was investigated in 14 elite male rowers. Rowers were tested on the RowPerfect ergometer which was instrumented at the handle and foot stretcher to mea...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763140903414391
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to understand changes in technique within an athlete's own performance during a sprint hurdles run. Four athletes performed a training session containing four trials each over 10 hurdles. Clearances at hurdles three and nine were videotaped from a side view and manually digitised. All athlete...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763140608522871
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose was to quantify trunk and lower extremity biomechanics among back and front squats with a straight bar and four squats with different anterior-posterior load placements imposed by a transformer bar. Ten males and eight females performed six squat conditions: back and front squats with a straight bar, back ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1832563
更新日期:2020-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Tibial acceleration is a surrogate measure for impact loading and might be useful for identifying lower limb fatigue injury in runners. The resultant tibial acceleration calculated from all three axes of a triaxial accelerometer provides a single metric that is independent of the sensor orientation. The purpose of thi...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2018.1546890
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hip extensor strategy, specifically relative contribution of gluteus maximus versus hamstrings, will influence quadriceps effort required during squat exercise, as hamstrings and quadriceps co-contract at the knee. This research examined the effects of hip extensor strategy on quadriceps relative muscular effort (RME)...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2015.1024716
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to identify the primary factors that induce rearfoot external eversion moments due to ground reaction force (GRF) in non-rearfoot strikers. The data were compared with those of rearfoot strikers. Totally, 11 healthy males who were habitually non-rearfoot strikers ran barefoot. Rearfoot external eversi...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2018.1548639
更新日期:2019-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Consecutive proximal-to-distal sequencing of motion is considered to be integral for generating high velocity of distal segments in many sports. Simultaneous usage of proximal and distal segments as seen in martial arts is by far less well investigated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to characterise and different...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2017.1365928
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rowing stroke is a leg-driven action, in which forces developed by the lower limbs provide a large proportion of power delivered to the oars. In terms of both performance and injury, it is important to initiate each stroke with powerful and symmetrical loading of the foot stretchers. The aims of this study were to...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2013.861013
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inverse Dynamics is routinely used in biomechanics for the estimation of loading in the musculoskeletal system but there are problems with the terms and definitions and even official recommendations introduce artificial and incorrect mechanical constructs to justify arbitrary and inappropriate terms. These terminology...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1841826
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::In the sprint start, a defined sequence of distinct response delays occurs before the athlete produces a movement response. Excitation of lower limb muscles occurs prior to force production against the blocks, culminating in a movement response. The time delay between muscle excitation and movement, electromechanical ...
journal_title:Sports biomechanics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1657932
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00