Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Suboptimal decision-making is a feature in the initiation and maintenance of substance use, often manifested in choosing for short-term benefits rather than long-term gain, and the failure to display cognitive flexibility, respectively. Studies of nicotine users typically focus on characterizing those who are already addicted; less is known about decision-making in former smokers. METHODS:Non- (n=21), former daily- (n=23) and current daily smokers (n=24), completed the contingency-shifting variant Iowa Gambling Task (csIGT), in which the reward and punishment contingencies of the decks are systematically varied after 100 trials of the 'standard' IGT. Scores on the standard blocks of the csIGT provided an index of emotion-based decision-making, while the contingency-shifting blocks assessed flexible decision-making. Subjective ratings were also recorded at 20-trial intervals. RESULTS:Both current and former smokers showed significantly impaired performance relative to non-smokers when making decisions during the standard blocks of the csIGT. Both former and non-smokers' awareness of the reward/punishment contingencies was significantly higher than those of current smokers at the end of the standard IGT. Both former and non-smokers had significantly better performance on the contingency shifting blocks, relative to current smokers. CONCLUSIONS:The findings indicate that both current and former smokers display a suboptimal pattern of decision-making than non-smokers during the standard IGT. However, with respect to the ability to change behavior following reversed contingencies, former smokers are more similar to non-smokers than to current smokers. Former smokers were also more aware of the contingencies than current smokers.
journal_name
Addict Behavjournal_title
Addictive behaviorsauthors
Briggs Z,O'Connor M,Jollans EK,O'Halloran L,Dymond S,Whelan Rdoi
10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.02.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-06-01 00:00:00pages
269-75eissn
0306-4603issn
1873-6327pii
S0306-4603(15)00083-0journal_volume
45pub_type
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.009
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更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.07.008
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.023
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
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doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.008
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abstract：:In this study, clinical data from 22 obese women who reported a history of sexual abuse were compared to clinical data from 22 obese women who denied a history of sexual abuse. Subjects were matched for body mass index (BMI), sex, and age. All subjects were enrolled in a multidisciplinary outpatient hospital-based ver...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.003
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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