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Cannabis smoking and serum C-reactive protein: a quantile regressions approach based on NHANES 2005-2010.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Pre-clinical studies link cannabinoid-1 receptor activation to inflammation and atherosclerotic effects; anti-inflammation and immunosuppression seem to be mediated by cannabinoid-2 receptor activation. In this epidemiological study, we aim to present estimates on suspected cannabis-attributable immunomodulation as manifest in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as non-specific inflammatory markers with interpretable clinical values. With strength of data from recent large nationally representative community sample surveys, the research approach illustrates value of a quantile regressions approach in lieu of the commonly used but relatively arbitrary cutpoints for CRP values. METHODS:The study population encompasses 20-59 year old participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2005-2010 (n=1115 recently active cannabis smokers and 8041 non-smokers, identified via confidential Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interviews). Age, sex, race, education, income-poverty ratio, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking also were measured, together with body mass index (BMI), which actually might be on a mediational path. Quantile regressions, with bootstrapping for variance estimation, made it possible to hold these covariates constant while estimating cannabis-CRP associations. RESULTS:Evidence suggesting possible cannabis-attributable immunomodulation emerges at CRP levels below the median (p<0.05). Whereas BMI might help explain a cannabis link with serum CRP, but BMI-stratified analyses disclosed no appreciable variation of the cannabis-CRP relationship across BMI subgroups. CONCLUSIONS:Extending pre-clinical research on cannabis-attributable immunomodulation, this study's CRP evidence points toward possible anti-inflammatory effects of cannabis smoking. More definitive evidence can be derived by combining pre-clinical research, studies of patients, and epidemiological research approaches.

journal_name

Drug Alcohol Depend

journal_title

Drug and alcohol dependence

authors

Alshaarawy O,Anthony JC

doi

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.017

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-02-01 00:00:00

pages

203-7

eissn

0376-8716

issn

1879-0046

pii

S0376-8716(14)01929-2

journal_volume

147

pub_type

杂志文章

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