A role for TOR complex 2 signaling in promoting autophagy.

abstract：:In macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), a morphological hallmark is the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes that sequester and deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process begins with an initial sequestering compartment, the phagophore, which expands int...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Geng J,Klionsky DJ

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An increasing body of data links endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function to autophagy. Not surprisingly, then, some aberrant proteins in the ER can be destroyed either via ER associated degradation (ERAD), which is proteasome-mediated, or via autophagy. One such substrate is the "Z" variant of the alpha-1 protease inhibit...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Brodsky JL,Scott CM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to respond and adapt to changes in the physical environment is a universal and essential cellular property. Here we demonstrated that cells respond to mechanical compressive stress by rapidly inducing autophagosome formation. We measured this response in both Dictyostelium and mammalian cells, indicating t...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： King JS,Veltman DM,Insall RH

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delivery of cellular contents to yeast vacuoles/mammalian lysosomes via autophagy ensures long-term cell survival and extends life span. When cultured yeast cells are grown for a prolonged period of time to enter stationary phase, a nondividing state mimicking quiescence, vacuolar membrane proteins partition into eith...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Wang CW

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The two structurally related, major lysosomal membrane proteins LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 were for a long time regarded as crucial for the protection of the lysosomal membrane from the hostile lumenal environment. However, recent studies on the effects of single and combined LAMP-deficiency in mice reveal alternative function...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Saftig P,Beertsen W,Eskelinen EL

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The elimination of tumor cells by apoptosis is the main mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic drugs used in current treatment protocols of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite the rapid cytoreduction achieved, serious acute and late complications are frequent, and resistance to chemotherapy develops. During t...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Crazzolara R,Bradstock KF,Bendall LJ

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphoinositides (PIs) are a group of low-abundance phospholipids that play a critical role in the control of organelle and membrane traffic. There is strong evidence that specific PIs are also important for the regulation of autophagy. PIs are modified by a complex network of lipid kinases and phosphatases. A recent...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Gibbs EM,Feldman EL,Dowling JJ

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy is a degradative process conserved among eukaryotic cells. It allows the elimination of cytoplasm including aberrant protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Accordingly, it is implicated in normal developmental processes and also serves a protective role in tumor suppression and elimination of invading pa...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Reggiori F,Shintani T,Nair U,Klionsky DJ

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When no supply of environmental nutrients is available, cells induce autophagy, thereby generating a source of emergency metabolic substrates and energy to maintain the basal cellular activity needed for survival. This autophagy response to starvation has been well characterized in various multicellular organisms, inc...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Kang C,Avery L

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ticks are long-lived hematophagous arthropods and have tolerance to starvation. They can survive without food during the host-seeking period for several months to years. To understand how ticks obtain energy over a long period of non-feeding (starvation), we focused on autophagy, a crucial proteolysis system via the l...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Umemiya-Shirafuji R,Matsuo T,Liao M,Boldbaatar D,Battur B,Suzuki H,Fujisaki K

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preclinical studies indicate autophagy inhibition with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can augment the efficacy of DNA-damaging therapy. The primary objective of this trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and efficacy of HCQ in combination with radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) for newly diagnos...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Rosenfeld MR,Ye X,Supko JG,Desideri S,Grossman SA,Brem S,Mikkelson T,Wang D,Chang YC,Hu J,McAfee Q,Fisher J,Troxel AB,Piao S,Heitjan DF,Tan KS,Pontiggia L,O'Dwyer PJ,Davis LE,Amaravadi RK

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heme is an essential molecule expressed in many tissues where it plays key roles as the prosthetic group of several proteins involved in vital physiological and metabolic processes such as gas and electron transport. Structurally, heme is a tetrapyrrole ring containing an atom of iron (Fe) in its center. When released...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Travassos LH,Vasconcellos LR,Bozza MT,Carneiro LA

更新日期：2017-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Salinomycin is perhaps the first promising compound that was discovered through high throughput screening in cancer stem cells. This novel agent can selectively eliminate breast and other cancer stem cells, though the mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we found that salinomycin induced autophagy in hu...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Li T,Su L,Zhong N,Hao X,Zhong D,Singhal S,Liu X

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is increasing with more than 43,000 predicted new cases in the US and 65,000 in Europe this year. Pancreatic cancer patients have a short life expectancy with less than 3-4% 5-y survival, which results in an equivalent incidence and mortality rate. One of the major challenges...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Hamidi T,Cano CE,Grasso D,Garcia MN,Sandi MJ,Calvo EL,Dagorn JC,Lomberk G,Goruppi S,Urrutia R,Carracedo A,Velasco G,Iovanna JL

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection and inflammation are able to induce diet-independent Na+-accumulation without commensurate water retention in afflicted tissues, which favors the pro-inflammatory activation of mouse macrophages and augments their antibacterial and antiparasitic activity. While Na+-boosted host defense against the protozoan ...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Neubert P,Weichselbaum A,Reitinger C,Schatz V,Schröder A,Ferdinand JR,Simon M,Bär AL,Brochhausen C,Gerlach RG,Tomiuk S,Hammer K,Wagner S,van Zandbergen G,Binger KJ,Müller DN,Kitada K,Clatworthy MR,Kurts C,Titze J,

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The exploration into the roles of autophagy in tumorigenesis, either as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter, has led to a great increase in the knowledge of cancer development, progression and treatment. However, there is currently no consensus on how to manipulate autophagy to improve antitumor effects. In this study,...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Chang Y,Lin J,Tsung A

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ridding neurons of toxic misfolded proteins is a critical feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. We have recently reported that lack of access of nuclear polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor (AR) to the autophagic degradation pathway is a critical point in pathogenesis. When mutant AR is contained within the ...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Montie HL,Merry DE

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy resembles a recycling process in which proteins, organelles, or regions of the cytoplasm are enveloped and degraded. We have found that two of the central autophagy proteins, MAP1LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, also described as LC3) and UVRAG (UV radiation resistance associated/UV radia...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Mir SU,Schwarze SR,Jin L,Zhang J,Friend W,Miriyala S,St Clair D,Craven RJ

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor-associated inflammation is predictive of poor prognosis and drives a variety of tumorigenic phenotypes, including tumor proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis. Here, we review mammalian data addressing the interaction of macroautophagy/autophagy with key signaling cascades associa...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Monkkonen T,Debnath J

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence suggests that autophagy may favor fibrosis through enhanced differentiation of fibroblasts in myofibroblasts. Here, we sought to characterize the mediators and signaling pathways implicated in autophagy-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Fibroblasts, serum starved for up to 4 d, showed increased LC...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Bernard M,Dieudé M,Yang B,Hamelin K,Underwood K,Hébert MJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy is essential for prolonging yeast survival during nutrient deprivation; however, this report shows that some autophagy proteins may also be accelerating population death in those conditions. While leucine starvation caused YCA1-mediated apoptosis characterized by increased annexin V staining, nitrogen depriv...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Dziedzic SA,Caplan AB

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective autophagy is critical for the regulation of cellular homeostasis in organisms from yeast to humans. This process is a specific degradation pathway for a wide variety of substrates including unwanted cytosolic components, such as protein aggregates, damaged and/or superfluous organelles, and pathogens. Howeve...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Yin Z,Klionsky DJ

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atg18p and Atg21p are two highly homologous yeast autophagy proteins. Atg18p functions in both autophagy and the selective Cvt-pathway, while the function of Atg21p is restricted to the Cvt-pathway. The yeast genome encodes with Ygr223cp (Hsv2p), a third member of this protein family. So far no function has been assig...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Krick R,Henke S,Tolstrup J,Thumm M

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Atg8-family proteins are subdivided into two subfamilies: the GABARAP and LC3 subfamilies. These proteins, which are major players of the autophagy pathway, present a conserved glycine in their C-terminus necessary for their association to the autophagosome membrane. This family of proteins present multiple roles ...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Jacquet M,Guittaut M,Fraichard A,Despouy G

更新日期：2020-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Actin plays indispensable roles in autophagosome biogenesis. Branched actin networks assembled within phagophore membranes are required for generating the autophagosome membrane shape and movement. The ARP2/3 complex and its regulators, such as JMY (junction mediating and regulatory protein, p53 cofactor), translocate...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Liu X,Klionsky DJ

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The critical role of the cellular autophagy pathway in viral infection and pathogenesis has become increasingly apparent. Mounting evidences suggest that viruses have developed different strategies to meticulously modulate intracellular autophagy for their own benefits, thereby either promoting efficient viral replica...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Liang C,E X,Jung JU

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs play important roles in the regulation of development, growth, and metastasis of cancer, and in determining the response of tumor cells to anticancer therapy. In recent years, they have also ...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Yu Y,Cao L,Yang L,Kang R,Lotze M,Tang D

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with severe inflammatory symptoms in the axial skeleton. The cause of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown. TNFAIP3, also named A20, uses ubiquitin-related functions to regulate immune activation, deficiency of which is highly related to autoimmune ...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Zhai Y,Lin P,Feng Z,Lu H,Han Q,Chen J,Zhang Y,He Q,Nan G,Luo X,Wang B,Feng F,Liu F,Chen Z,Zhu P

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The uptake and degradation of cytoplasmic material by vacuolar autophagy in plants has been studied extensively by electron microscopy and shown to be involved in developmental processes such as vacuole formation, deposition of seed storage proteins and senescence, and in the response of plants to nutrient starvation ...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Bassham DC,Laporte M,Marty F,Moriyasu Y,Ohsumi Y,Olsen LJ,Yoshimoto K

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The autophagy-lysosome system is essential for muscle cell homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to muscle disorders that are typically distinguished by massive autophagic buildup. Among them, glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) is characterized by the presence of large glycogen-filled lysosomes in the ...

journal_title：Autophagy

authors： Nascimbeni AC,Fanin M,Masiero E,Angelini C,Sandri M

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00